Herbert W. Duda

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Herbert Wilhelm Duda (born January 18, 1900 in Linz , † February 16, 1975 in Vienna ) was an Austrian Iranist , Turkologist (focus on Ottoman studies ) and Islamic scholar (focus on Persian language and literature ).

Life

Duda made his Abitur at the humanistic German State High School in Prague-Lesser Town . As a participant in the First World War , he stayed in the Ottoman Empire . After the war he studied from 1919 Oriental studies at the German Charles University in Prague with Max Grünert , in Vienna with Friedrich Kraelitz and in Leipzig with Richard Hartmann and August Fischer . The doctorate took place in 1925. For a year of study he stayed in Paris , where he met Jean Deny . In 1926 Duda received his diploma from the École Nationale des Langues Orientales Vivantes . From 1927 to 1932 he stayed in Istanbul , where he initially worked as a lecturer for the Turkish press and theater reviewer for the Turkish Post , and later as a private scholar. He also worked there as an employee of the branch of the Archaeological Institute of the German Empire . Before 1931, Duda had become a member of the German Oriental Society . In 1932 he completed his habilitation in Leipzig and then worked there as a private lecturer and (from 1934) as a lecturer for Turkish language and culture until 1936.

In 1933 Duda was one of the signatories of the German professors' commitment to Adolf Hitler . In the mid-1930s, Duda was engaged in the research project on the historical research of the Rum Seljuks of the Istanbul department of the Archaeological Institute of the German Empire. In 1936 he was appointed to succeed Friedrich Giese as associate professor of Turkish and Islamic philology at the University of Breslau .

Like all German Turkey experts of the time, Duda also supported the nationalist aspirations of Azerbaijani politicians. Concerning the disintegration of the multiethnic state of the Ottoman Empire and the development of the nation-state into the Turkish Republic, he found that “ the man on the Bosporus suffered from the hypertrophy of divergent components of different ethnicities, but that the actual Turkish national body was healthy enough to embark on the road to national awakening "The liberation from Islamic cultural heritage" was of particular importance for the "national self-determination of the Turks", which "weighed heavily on the young Turkish generation looking to Europe". He positively determined the authoritarian and totalitarian traits of the new Kemalist state: “With the help of the Republican People's Party , now the only party in Turkey, Ataturk and his cabinet govern the state in an authoritarian manner, although the National Assembly has a special advisory role in legislative work. This totality of the state did not occur immediately, it is rather the result of the strenuous and skilful work of the brilliant Turkish President and his closest friends, among whom the long-time Prime Minister Ismet Inönü particularly stands out. "

From 1941 to 1943 Duda was visiting professor in Sofia . In addition, from 1941 to 1944 he was head of the German Scientific Institute (DWI) in Sofia (established by the Foreign Office in 1940) , first as Vice President (1941–43), then as President (1943–44). Under his leadership of the DWI Sofia, turkological research dominated there, in particular with the publication of Bulgarian and Ottoman documents on the history of Bulgaria, financed by the Reich Ministry of Science, Education and National Education (REM) and supervised by the Bulgarian and Austrian Academy of Sciences and the University of Vienna under Ottoman rule in the Osmanica series .

When it came to filling the chair for Turkish Studies in Vienna in mid-1942 (Duda's competitor in this matter was Herbert Jansky ), the National Socialist German Lecturer Association told the party chancellery that Duda was not a member of the NSDAP , he belonged but "affiliated associations of the party". He said that “as a native Austrian he always felt like a big German” and “loyally stood behind the new Germany”, but was considered “a bit 'cozy'” and “not exactly ready for action”. Despite this assessment, the REM prevailed over the party authorities and preferred Duda. From 1943 until his retirement in 1970 he was a full professor of Turkish Studies, Islamic Studies and Persian Literary History at the University of Vienna . However, Duda did not initially appear in Vienna, as he was still entrusted with the management of the DWI in Sofia. Duda finally fled from Sofia to Vienna, where he looked after Bulgarian sympathizers of Aleksandar Zankow 's government in exile .

In 1945 he took over the management of the Oriental Institute from the burdened Viktor Christian .

In 1948 Duda became a corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences; In the same year he was editor of the Vienna magazine for the customer of the Orient . From 1949 to 1970 he was the publisher and editor-in-chief of the Österreichische Hochschul-Zeitung . In 1957 he became a member of the Türk Dil Kurumu . He was the bearer of the Austrian Cross of Honor for Science and Art 1st Class and was Commander of the Imperial Iranian Humayun Order. He is buried in Klaffer am Hochficht , not far from his country and retirement home in Pfaffetschlag.

Fonts (selection)

  • Ferhād and Schīrīn: the literary history of a Persian legend. Orientalni Ustav, Prague / P. Geuthner, Paris / Otto Harrassowitz, Berlin 1933.
  • From caliphate to republic. Turkey in the 19th and 20th centuries. 1948.
  • Cat and mouse. Obeid Zakani From Persian. 1947.
  • The Selschuken story of Ibn Bibi . Copenhagen 1959
  • The log books of the Sofia cadre office. 1960.
  • My writings 1919-1969. Vienna 1970 (= list of publications)

literature

  • Festschrift Herbert W. Duda: Dedicated to his 60th birthday by his friends and students = Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes Vol. 56, 1960.
  • Wilhelm Heinz: Herbert Wilhelm Duda (1900-1975) . In: Journal of the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft , Volume 128, 1978, pp. 1–4 ( PDF ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Wilhelm Heinz: Herbert Wilhelm Duda (1900–1975) . In: Journal of the German Oriental Society , Volume 128, 1978, p. 1 ( PDF ).
  2. ↑ a b c d e Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 475.
  3. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 158.
  4. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 49.
  5. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 196.
  6. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 337.
  7. ^ Herbert W. Duda: The new Turkey . In: Die Badische Schule , Volume 3, 1936, p. 279, quoted by Ekkehard Ellinger: Deutsche Orientalistik zur Zeit des Nationalozialismus 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 340.
  8. ^ Herbert W. Duda: The national Turkish view of history . In: Voices from the Southeast , year 1937/38, issue 1/2, p. 26 f, quoted by Ekkehard Ellinger: Deutsche Orientalistik zur Zeit des Nationalozialismus 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 340.
  9. ^ Herbert W. Duda: The new Turkey . In: Die Badische Schule , Volume 3, 1936, p. 280, quoted by Ekkehard Ellinger: Deutsche Orientalistik zur Zeit des Nationalozialismus 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 402 f.
  10. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 240.
  11. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 241 f.
  12. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 39 (see p. 179), quoted here from a letter from the NSDDB to the party chancellery of June 1, 1942 (IfZ, MA 116/4).
  13. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 179, quoted here from a letter from the NSDDB to the party chancellery of June 1, 1942 (IfZ, MA 116/4).
  14. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 179.
  15. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 242.
  16. ^ A b Wilhelm Heinz: Herbert Wilhelm Duda (1900–1975) . In: Journal of the German Oriental Society , Volume 128, 1978, p. 3 ( PDF ).
  17. ^ Wilhelm Heinz: Herbert Wilhelm Duda (1900-1975) . In: Journal of the German Oriental Society , Volume 128, 1978, p. 4 ( PDF ).
personal data
SURNAME Duda, Herbert W.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Duda, Herbert Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian orientalist
DATE OF BIRTH January 18, 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH Linz
DATE OF DEATH February 16, 1975
Place of death Vienna