Dutch dialect
The Dutch dialect is the Dutch dialect that is spoken in the Holland area , i.e. roughly in the two provinces of North Holland and South Holland .
The standard Dutch language emerged in the 16th century, with Dutch and Brabant dialects being the most important. That is why the standard Dutch language is often referred to as Dutch in everyday language and all Dutch people as "Dutch".
For this reason, the spoken language in Holland is closer to the standard than anywhere else, with the city of Haarlem's Dutch being popularly considered to be the purest. The Dutch dialects in Belgium differ more from the standard language. On the one hand, because it is not Dutch, but Flemish , Brabant and Limburg dialects of the dialect continuum , and on the other hand, because the only official language in Belgium was French until the 20th century , so that the standard Dutch language could not influence the dialects in Belgium. In the north of Holland the influence of the independent Frisian language on Dutch is still great. In the south of Holland, dialects change into Brabant dialects. The dialectologist Jo Daan regards Utrechts-Alblasserwaards as a separate dialect that does not belong to Dutch.
List of subdialects
The first four are predominantly Lower Franconian dialects ; Especially the South Dutch deviates only slightly from the standard Dutch language. From Waterland to Texel it is about dialects in which the Frisian substrate is still relatively strongly present.
Bildts, Midslands, Stadt Frisian and Ameländisch
Bildt , Midslands , Stadsfries dialects and Ameländisch are a group of dialects spoken in Friesland and the Frisian influence still so strong that they are often not counted as Dutch, but are considered kind of Creole language.
History of the Dutch dialects
Dutch was originally a North Sea Germanic (Ingwaeon) language . This means that in the early Middle Ages it was very similar to Old Frisian and Old English . Around the 11th century, Dutch came under the influence of Frankish dialects: first under the influence of Flemish , later (via Utrecht ) under the influence of Brabantian . South Holland in particular (south of the IJ ) lost its Ingwaeon (North Sea Germanic) character. This is probably explained by the fact that South Holland is closer to Flanders and Utrecht. In the language from North Holland to approximately the IJ and on the coast approximately to Scheveningen , however, there is a Frisian influence.
There are several written sources for medieval Dutch. Poems and prose from Holland exist mainly from 1400 onwards. However, the Flemish-Brabant influence was already so strong at this time that the texts cannot be regarded as purely Dutch.
In the Central Dutch period the genera masculine and feminine merged. This tendency was stronger in the North Sea Germanic dialects (also in Dutch) than in Brabantian, which is closer to German (with its three genera).
Closely related forms of language
swell
- ↑ a b Adolphe van Loey: Inleiding in de historic klankleer van het Nederlands. Zutphen n.d. (probably 1967 or 1968).
- ↑ a b c Adolphe van Loey: Schönfeld's historical grammatica van het Nederlands. 5de print. Zutphen 1954.
- ↑ KH Heeroma: Het verleden van het Zuidhollands. In: Jo Daan, K. Heeroma: Zuidhollands. Amsterdam 1965.
- ↑ Cornelis Gerrit Nicolaas de Vooys: Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse taal. Groningen 1970 (repro. Van de 5de druk, 1952).