Indirect trauma
Indirect traumatization or secondary traumatization (similar terms used are: secondary traumatization, secondary trauma disorder, vicarious traumatization [from vicarious traumatization, VT], co-traumatization, co-traumatization, accompanying burnout, “emotional contagion”, “transmissive traumatization “Compassion fatigue, traumatic countertransference ) describes the psychological traumatization that can arise in relatives and helping people through accompanying and noticing direct traumatization. It shows symptoms that are similar to those of the primarily traumatized. The term vicarious traumatization was coined by Lisa McCann and Laurie Anne Pearlman (1990), who used the term to refer to the experience of psychotherapists working with traumatized survivors.
Indirect or secondary trauma does not only refer to the profession of therapist. Firefighters, paramedics, disaster relief workers, police officers, social workers, hospital staff, teachers, relatives of trauma victims, even descendants of, for example, Holocaust survivors, war veterans, etc. can be affected.
See also
literature
- Jürgen Lemke: Secondary trauma. Clarification of terms and concepts of midraumatisation. Asanger Verlag, Kröning 2006.
- I. Lisa McCann, Laurie Anne Pearlman: Vicarious traumatization: A framework the psychological effects of working with victims. In: Journal of Traumatic Stress. 3 (1) (1990), pp. 131-149.
- Marion Sonnenmoser: Secondary Traumatization: Myth or Reality? In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt. PP 9, March 2010 edition, p. 117 (online)
- Beth Hudnall Stamm: Secondary Trauma Disorders: How Clinicians, Researchers, and Educators Can Protect Themselves from the Traumatic Effects of Their Work. Junfermann, Paderborn 2002, ISBN 3-87387-489-X .