Infantry Body Regiment "Grand Duchess" (3rd Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 117

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"A" for Alice as the regiment's insignia
Reservist jug of the 117: members of the regiment in front of the Alice barracks in Mainz
Seal of the 117th Infantry Division

The third Grand Ducal Hessian Infantry Regiment body. 117 "Grand Duchess" was an infantry joined the army of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and was following the military agreement in 1867 under Prussian provided command. It belonged to the Mainz garrison and was mainly stationed there until 1918.

history

Lineup

The day it was founded was June 10, 1697. Originally the regiment consisted of three main companies , also called circle companies. These already existed in the 17th century and fought against the French in the Turkish War of 1663/1664 and 1677-79. 1683–88 they fought again against the Turks near Vienna and in Hungary and then in the Palatinate War of Succession near Mainz and Rheinfels and in the Wars of Reunion in the Netherlands against the French.

Surname

Regimental uniform

In 1806 the regiment was given the name "Leibregiment" by Grand Duke Ludwig I. During the floods of 1882, the regiment rendered special services to its garrison town of Mainz. On the occasion of the regiment's bicentenary on June 11, 1897, it was renamed as an expression of thanks. Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig of Hesse and near the Rhine appointed Grand Duchess Victoria Melita as the first regimental owner.

The dedication “Grand Duchess” came on February 15, 1902, shortly after the grand ducal couple separated (1901). The regiment was given the name of the Grand Duchess Alice . The official order was:

The 3rd Grand Ducal Hessian Infantry Regiment (Leib-Regiment) No. 117 has the name Infanterie-Leibregiment Großherzogin (3rd Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 117 for the episode.

The regiment was also called the "blue ones" because of the color of their badges of rank , cuffs and shoulder pieces. This short form was used to easily distinguish the regiments. In Mainz there were also the “Reds” and “Greens” (red and green barracks) after the color of the electoral regiments. In the 42 years of their garrison time in Mainz, the regiment was nicknamed "Hackelbube". He points out that a large part of the staff came from the Odenwald , which was known for its pine cones (chopping), which at that time were offered by traveling traders in Mainz for making fires.

Garrisons

Anniversary card 1922
The palace square with the war hospital barracks until 1898

The regiment was barracked in Giessen until 1821 , in Worms from 1821 to 1860 and in Darmstadt from 1860 to 1872, before moving into its last garrison in Mainz on October 1, 1872 after the Franco-Prussian War . There, too, it was quartered in various barracks , in the castle barracks (until they were demolished on October 5, 1903) and Alexander barracks , individual regiments but also in the flax market barracks . After completion of the Alice barracks in Mainz Neustadt in 1903, the last move came.

War of the Spanish Succession

Seven Years War

First coalition war

Fifth coalition war

Napoléon's Russian campaign

Wars of Liberation

German War 1866

Franco-German War 1870/71

First World War

In association with the 50th Infantry Brigade (2nd Grand Ducal Hessian), the regiment mobilized on August 2, 1914. In the course of the war, the subordination changed and the association was assigned to the 49th Infantry Brigade (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) from March 7, 1915.

February 21 in the Caures Forest
February 22nd in Wavrillewald near Beaumont
February 24 at Beaumont
February 25 at Louvemont
April 12th the 9th Company in front of the M-room
October 4th in Houthoulster Forest
  • 1918
March 21 near Estrées (south of Cambrai)

Whereabouts

After the end of the war , the remnants of the regiment marched back home. On December 9, 1918, the III. Battalion officially disbanded. After the former Mainz garrison was in the demilitarized zone, the 1st battalion was demobilized in Hachenburg from December 13, 1918 , and that of the II battalion in Limburg an der Lahn from December 17, 1918 . The regimental headquarters had been in Friedberg since mid-January 1919, was demobilized there and the regiment was finally disbanded on April 30, 1919.

From the demobilized parts, the 1st and 2nd Volunteer Battalion with 1st and 2nd MG and an MW company were formed in February 1919. These joined the Hesse Freikorps and were used as border guards in the Westerwald . In addition, a volunteer company "Wiedmann" was formed. The two volunteer battalions merged with the formation of the Provisional Reichswehr in the Reichswehr Rifle Regiment 36. The volunteer company was transferred to the IV Battalion of the Reichswehr Infantry Regiment 101.

The tradition in the Reichswehr was adopted by the 12th, 14th and 15th companies of the 15th Infantry Regiment on August 24, 1921 by the Chief of Army Command, General of the Infantry Hans von Seeckt .

Commanders

Colonel Wigand von Gersdorff
Rank Surname date
Colonel Friedrich von Nagel 0June 1, 1803 to March 19, 1809
Lieutenant colonel Friedrich Franz Adold Beck March 20, 1809 to March 24, 1811
Colonel Ludwig von Gall March 25, 1811 to December 29, 1813
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Christian Zimmermann December 30, 1813 to November 17, 1829
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Friedrich Koeniger November 18, 1829 to June 30, 1838
Colonel Ernst Roeder von Diersburg 0August 1, 1838 to August 15, 1843
Colonel Karl Keim August 16, 1843 to February 19, 1847
Colonel Julius Alexander Gerlach February 20, 1847 to April 2, 1849
Colonel Georg Dingeldey 0April 3, 1849 to December 31, 1853
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Wilhelm von Gerlach 0January 1, 1853 to April 30, 1859
Lieutenant colonel Georg Fenner 0May 1, 1859 to November 18, 1864
Colonel Wolf von Ochsenstein November 19, 1864 to January 23, 1867
Colonel Georg Julius Eduar Laue January 24, 1867 to November 9, 1869
Colonel Ludwig von Lyncker November 10, 1869 to July 18, 1870 (responsible for the tour)
Colonel Karl Justus Friedrich Stamm July 24th to September 10th, 1870
Colonel Wilhelm Ernst Winter September 23, 1870 to June 9, 1873
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Ludwig Erhardt June 10, 1873 to October 14, 1879
Colonel Julius von Westernhagen October 16, 1879 to June 15, 1884
Colonel Rudolf Winterfeld June 16, 1884 to August 17, 1885
Colonel Eduard Michaelis August 18, 1885 to December 12, 1888
Colonel Robert von Wurmb December 13, 1888 to July 30, 1891
Colonel Ernst Bock from Wülfingen 0August 1, 1891 to August 17, 1895
Colonel Josias of Heeringen August 18, 1895 to April 4, 1898
Colonel Emil Kutzen 0April 5, 1898 to May 17, 1901
Colonel Wigand von Gersdorff May 18, 1901 to April 21, 1905
Colonel Ferdinand von Schlutterbach April 22, 1905 to February 28, 1909
Colonel Richard Herhudt from Rohden 0March 1, 1909 to September 30, 1912
Colonel Emmerich Raitz from Frentz 0October 1, 1912 to May 29, 1914
Colonel Rüdiger von Tiedemann May 30, 1914 to March 29, 1916
major Schmidt March 30th to September 9th, 1916
Lieutenant colonel Julius Andreae September 10, 1916 to January 22, 1917
Lieutenant colonel Roderich Jachmann January 23 to April 22, 1917
Colonel Günther Klotz April 23, 1917 to February 14, 1918
Lieutenant colonel Peter Scheunemann February 15 to December 23, 1918
Lieutenant colonel Paul place January 10 to April 1919

uniform

When the regiment got its name in 1806, the uniforms also changed. Instead of white, they now received blue premiums. In 1897 the regiment was renamed for the 200th anniversary. From then on, the name was worn on the officers' epaulettes and shoulder boards, as well as on the crew's shoulder boards. From 1902 on, a crowned "A" for "Alice" was worn on epaulettes, shoulder boards and shoulder boards.

monument

As the "Regiment Landgraf", the association fought through the clashes between France and the coalition from 1790 to 1806. The regiment's oldest memorial site, the Hessendenkmal , is located near Finthen and was built in 1858. It is intended to commemorate the camp of the Hessians during the siege of Mainz in 1793 .

Grand Ducal Hessian Lion as the regiment's insignia in the 117er Ehrenhof
Memorial stone in the courtyard of the main cemetery in Mainz

In 1933 the “117er Ehrenhof” was inaugurated in front of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium . The facility is made of red sandstone and is equipped with a bronze Hessian lion as a guard. The battles of the regiment are recorded with the date on the sandstone slabs. The court of honor is intended to commemorate the battles and the dead of the Mainz "Traditionsregimentes 117". It was planned that the SA Standard 117 "Rheinhessen" should tie in with the regimental tradition. The history of Mainz as a garrison and fortress location was intended to be instrumentalized and used in a targeted manner by the National Socialists . In this context, the Mainz press reported on the rich history of the fortress, particularly when German soldiers were quartered in Mainz for the first time after the World War in 1936.

literature

  • August Justus Alexander Keim : History of the infantry body regiment Grand Duchess (3rd Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 117 and its tribes 1677–1902. A. Bath, Berlin 1903, digitized
  • Our body regiment 100 years ago. A contribution to the centenary of 1813 as a lecture given at the monthly meeting of the comradeship association of former 117ers from Mainz and the surrounding area, October 8, 1913 by Carl Bömper-Lothary, publisher: Office of the Hessischer Kamerad Darmstadt.
  • Kurt Offenbächer: The history of the infantry body regiment Grand Duchess (3rd Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 117. (= memorial sheets of German regiments . Troops of the former Grand Ducal Hessian contingent . Volume 340). Stalling, Oldenburg iO 1931. Available online: digitized version of the Württemberg State Library .
  • Festschrift for the consecration of the monument of the 3rd Großh. Hess. Infantry Leibregiment No. 117 in the Mainz garrison on 1. – 3. July 1933, 43 pages.
  • Jürgen Kraus : Handbook of the associations and troops of the German army 1914-1918. Part VI: Infantry. Volume 1: Infantry Regiments. Verlag Militaria, Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-902526-14-4 , pp. 198–199.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alfred Börckel : Mainz as a fortress and garrison from Roman times to the present . Verlag von J. Diemer, Mainz 1913, p. 295 .
  2. ^ Alfred Börckel: Mainz as a fortress and garrison from Roman times to the present . Verlag von J. Diemer, Mainz 1913, p. 292 .
  3. ^ Günter Wegmann (Ed.), Günter Wegner: Formation history and staffing of the German armed forces 1815-1990. Part 1: Occupation of the German armies 1815–1939. Volume 2: The staffing of active infantry regiments as well as Jäger and MG battalions, military district commands and training managers from the foundation and / or list until 1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1992, ISBN 3-7648-1782-8 , pp. 301ff.