List of kings of Abydos (Seti I)

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Seti I and his son Ramses looking at the list of kings of Abydos in the mortuary temple of Seti I.

The list of kings of Abydos ( Sethos I ) is a list of Egyptian kings in the mortuary temple of Sethos I in Abydos . It names 75 pharaohs who ruled before Seti I, although this list is very selective. Many rulers of the First and all rulers of the Second Intermediate Period are absent.

Overview

The King List of Abydos, together with four other king lists ( Palermo Stone , Karnak King List , Saqqara Tablet , Turin King canon an important source of the order of) Pharaohs rule is in Egypt.

In the temple built by Seti I in Abydos, there is a wall with reliefs of the name cartouches of Egyptian pharaohs in a long corridor of the royal gallery in the southern wing . On the left side of this "list of kings" the pharaoh Seti I is shown with his young son Ramses (later Ramses II ), whom he presents as his designated successor in the series of royal ancestors.

and display information about the image
Complete list of kings in the mortuary temple of Seti I.

The cartouches contain the genealogy of 76 rulers of Egypt from Menes to Sethos, known during the reign of Seti I, with the exception of the 1st and 2nd intermediate periods, as well as five pharaohs of the 18th dynasty who were left out for political or religious reasons ( Damnatio memoriae ):

Besides Akhenaten, his direct successors, who were still afflicted with the Aton cult, were not listed:

The list of kings in detail

The king cartridges are arranged in two horizontal rows in the temple. The representation of the historical sequence of the reign of the pharaohs begins on the left in the upper line.

Drawing of the list of kings of Abydos in the mortuary temple of Seti I.

The cartouches each contain one of the five "names" (also "titles") of the great royal statute of each pharaoh, which he assumed when he was enthroned ( throne name ) or possessed from birth ( name at birth ). However, not all five names were present in the early dynasties. According to the current state of research, some of the birth names cannot be reliably translated. The throne names that were bestowed upon accession to the throne, however, always contain a brief statement about the sun god Re and are formed as short sentences.

Note: In the tables summarized according to dynasties, the (transcribed) names from the cartouches are to be found first, in the second column the common, partly Greek forms, which may also name another of the five names, and in the third column possible name meanings given, if necessary by an alternative name (in italics).

1st dynasty

King cartridges 1 to 8
No. Surname common / Greek form possible name meaning (s)
1 Meni Menes , Hor Aha The one who remains // Horus the fighter
2 Teti Teti I. , Athotis A translation of the proper name is not yet available.
3 Iteti Djer , Hor Djer Horus Who fends off (enemies)
4th Ita Wadji , Djet he conquered (according to Helck) // Snake of Horus / Horus Snake
5 Sepati Den , Dewen, Semti, Udimu Belonging to both districts // who (his wings / claws) spreads
6th Meribiape Anedjib , adjib He who is chosen for the throne / Beloved of the brazen throne // He with an intact heart / will
7th Semsu Semerchet Elder // Companion of the godhood / the one with an excellent body (?)
8th Qebeh (u) Qaa The one with a high arm (against enemies)

2nd dynasty

King cartridges 9 to 14
No. Surname common / Greek form possible name meaning (s)
9 Bedjau, Bedjajmeru Hetepsechemui Boethos Reconciliation of the two powers / The two powers (Horus and Seth = both layers of the population) are satisfied
10 Cocoa Nebre , Raneb Kechoôs Force d. Taurus // Lord and Sun God / Lord of the Sun Disc
11 Banetjer Ba-en-netjer, Ninetjer , Binothris Ba ( holy goat of Mendes ) of God // The one belonging to God
12 Wadjnes Weneg Sechemuj, Wadilas, Ougotlas He made the kingdom green (according to Beckerath) // The messenger of heaven is mighty ; also: Weneg is powerful (after Dreyer)
13 Sened Sened, Sethenes The terrifying one
14th Djadjai Chasechemui , Sesochris The one belonging to the head (leadership) / The two powers (Horus and Seth) appear (reunification of Egypt) / Appearance of the two powers / The two powers shine

Towards the end of the 2nd dynasty, several competing pharaohs ruled in Upper and Lower Egypt, who are not included in the Abydos list, cf. List of pharaohs .

3rd dynasty

King cartridges 15 to 19
No. Surname Alternative / Greek form possible name meaning (s)
15th Nebka Sanakht , Necherophes My Lord is the Ka Strong Protector or His protection is intact
16 Djoser-Sa Djoser , Tosorthos, Hor-netjeri-chet His protection is holy // Lord / Holy One // His body is divine
17th Teti Djoserteni , Djoser Ti, Sechemchet, Tyreis Most exalted / holiest // His body is powerful
18th Sedjes Chaba , Chaiba, Hudjefa II. , Sephuris The Ba appears / The soul shines / He conquers Upper Egypt
19th Neferkare Nebcars , Mesochris With a perfect Ka, a Re / Lord of Ka power, a Re / Mesochris

4th dynasty

King cartridges 20 to 25
No. Surname common / Greek form possible name meaning (s)
20th Sneferu Sneferu , SORIS The Perfect / Who Creates / Benefactor
21st Chefu, Chufu Cheops He (the god Khnum) protects me
22nd Djedefre Radjedef , Redjedef, Ratoises It is permanent, namely Re
23 Chaifre, Chafre Chephren , Chaufre, User-ib-Chafra Re appears (It is Re who appears) // Effective in the heart - shining like Re
24 Menkaure Mykerinos Remaining are the Ka-forces of Re / ( With remaining Ka-forces, a Re )
25th Sheepseskaf Schepses-Chet, Serberchêres Noble is his Ka / His Ka is sublime / High is his Ka (des Re)

5th dynasty

King cartridges 26 to 33
No. Surname common / Greek form possible name meaning (s)
26th Userkaf Weserkef, User-ka-Re His Ka is strong / His Ka (des Re?) Is effective
27 Sahure Sahura, Nebchau Re comes to me / An approaching one is Re
28 Kakai Neferirkare , Nephercheres With beautiful shape and Ka, a Re. Perfect is the appearance of the Ka des Re
29 Raneferef (Neferefre) Ra-nefer-ef, Cheres Re is perfect / He is perfect, namely Re
30th Niuserre Ini, Ni-woser-re The part of the thickness of the Re / Belonging to the efficacy is (the sun god) Re
31 Menkauhor Hori Kau, Mencheres Lasting are the kas of Horus / Lasting are the ka forces of Horus
32 Djedkare Asosi, Isesi, Tancheres Permanent is the Ka des Re / Permanent is the Ka des Re, Asosi
33 Universities Unas , Wenis, Onnos, Hor-wadj-taui Horus, the freshness of the two countries

(Schepeskare is missing here after 28.)

6th dynasty

King cartridges 34 to 39
No. Surname common / Greek form possible name meaning (s)
34 Teti Teti II. , Sehetep-taui Which satisfies the two countries / ... calms them down
35 Userkare The Ka des Re / ( rich in Ka power, a Re ) is effective
36 Merire Pepi I. , Meri-taui Beloved / Chosen One of the Re // Chosen One of the Two Countries
37 Merenre Merenre , Antiemsaf I. Beloved by Re // Anti (falcon god) is his protection
38 Neferkare Pepi II. , Phiops II. The Ka des Re is perfect
39 Merenre (II.) Antiemsaef Nemtiemsaef II. , Merienre The one Re beloved, Nemti is under my protection (= protects me) / ... Nemti is his protection

The First Intermediate Period has been partially omitted in Abydos; there are generally no records of the 7th Dynasty.

The second row of the king's list in Abydos begins with cartridge 39.

8th dynasty

King cartridges 40 to 47
No. Surname common / Greek form possible name meaning (s)
40 Netjerikare Netericars The Ka des Re is divine
41 Menkare Remaining is the Ka of Re / ( With a remaining Ka, a Re )
42 Neferkare Neferkare II. The Ka des Re is perfect
43 Neferkare Nebi Perfect is the Ka des Re, protector
44 Djedkare Schemai Permanent is the Ka of Re / (With constant Ka, a Re); The nomad
45 Neferkare Chendu The Ka des Re is perfect; the kicking one
46 Merenhor Merienhor Loved by Horus
47 Neferkamin Seneferka With a nice Ka, a Min (God)
King cartridges 48 to 56
No. Surname common / Greek form possible name meaning (s)
48 Nikare Nikare I. That belongs to the Ka des Re
49 Neferkare Tereru Neferkare V. Perfect is the Ka of Re / (With perfect Ka, a Re); the respected
50 Neferkahor The Ka of Horus is perfect
51 Neferkare Pepi seneb Nefer-ka-Rscheri, Neferkare Pepisonbe The Ka des Re is perfect, Pepi is healthy
52 Neferkamin Anu (Seneferka Anu) Perfect is the Ka des Min, the beautiful / With beautiful Ka, a Min; the beautiful
53 Qaikaure Qakare Ibi High are the Kas of the Re / With a sublime Ka, a Re
54 Neferkaure The Ka forces of Re are perfect
55 Neferkauhor Neferkauhor Chuiuihapi The Ka-forces of Horus / Apis protect me perfectly
56 Neferirkare Neferirkare II The deed of the Ka des Re / Who makes the Ka des Re perfect / With a beautiful figure and Ka, a Re is perfect

11th, 12th dynasty

King cartridges 57 to 61
No. Surname common / Greek form possible name meaning (s)
57 Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II. Lord of the helm, a re
58 Seanchkare Mentuhotep III. Who animates the Ka des Re
59 Seetepibre Amenemhet I. , Amenemhat I., Amenemes That satisfies the heart of Re
60 Cheperkare Sesostris I. , Sen-wosret, Sesonchosis Who creates the Ka of Re / Ka made with form, a Re
61 Nebukaure Amenemhet II The Kas des Re are golden
King cartridges 62 to 65
No. Surname common / Greek form possible name meaning (s)
62 Chaicheperre Sesostris II. , Senwosret II. The figure of Re appears
63 Chaikaure Sesostris III. , Senwosret III. The Kas des Re appear
64 Nimaatre Amenemhet III. , Ammenemes, Lamares Who belongs to the truth of Re
65 Maacherure Amenemhet IV. , Ammenemes Re is justified

18th dynasty

King cartridges 66 to 74
No. Surname common / Greek form possible name meaning (s)
66 Nebpehtire Ahmose , Amosis, Nebpehutre Lord of Strength, Re
67 Djeserkare Amenhotep I , Amenhotep The Kas des Re are sacred
68 Aacheperkare Thutmose I. , Djehuti-mes Big in shape and Ka, a Re
69 Aacheperenre Thutmose II , Djehuti-mes With a tall figure, belonging to Re
70 Mencheperre Thutmose III. , Djehuti-mes The shape of the Re is constant
71 Aacheperure Amenhotep II , Amenhotep II With big figures, a Re
72 Mencheperure Thutmose IV. , Djehuti-mes The manifestations of Re are permanent
73 Nebmaatre Amenhotep III , Amenhotep III. Lord of Maat (Justice) is Re
74 Djesercheperure-Setepenre Haremhab Holy are the appearances of Re, chosen by Re / With holy figures, a Re

19th dynasty

King cartridges 75 to 76
No. Surname common / Greek form possible name meaning (s)
75 Menpehtire Ramses I. Consists (through) the strength of Re
76 Menmaatre Seti I , Seti-meren-Ptah Exists (through) the Maat des Re

Completing the list

A third row of cartridges forms the graphic conclusion under the king list. It is a frieze , formed from the two cartouches Seti I, the builder of the temple, with his birth name or personal name (Sa Ra = son of Re) or his throne name (Nisut, also Nesut, = king).

Frieze under the king's list

See also

literature

  • Wolfgang Helck : Investigations into Manetho and the Egyptian king lists (= investigations into the history and antiquity of Egypt. Volume 18). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1956.
  • Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs . Artemis & Winkler, Zürch 1994, ISBN 3-7608-1102-7 .
  • Jürgen von Beckerath : Handbook of the Egyptian names of kings (= Munich Egyptological studies. (MÄS) Volume 49). 2nd improved and expanded edition of the first edition 1984. von Zabern, Mainz 1999, ISBN 3-8053-2591-6 .

Web links

Commons : King's List of Abydos  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Thomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen. Zurich 1994.
  2. ↑ a b c Jürgen von Beckerath: Handbook of the Egyptian king names. Mainz 1999.
  3. ↑ a b c d Wolfgang Helck: Handbuch d. Oriental studies. Volume 1: Egyptology. Section 3: History of Ancient Egypt. Brill, Leiden / Cologne 1981.
  4. ↑ a b Rainer Stadelmann : The Egyptian pyramids. From brick construction to the wonder of the world (= cultural history of the ancient world . Volume 30). 3rd, updated and expanded edition. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1997, ISBN 3-8053-1142-7 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Rolf Gundlach: The Pharaoh and his state . Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1997, ISBN 3-534-12343-3 .
  6. ^ Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae. ; Adolf Erman, Hermann Grapow (Hrsg.): Dictionary of the Egyptian language. Volume I, Berlin 1926, p. 414, No. 9 ff.
  7. ↑ after Wolfgang Helck
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h Thomas Schneider: Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Zurich 1994.

Coordinates: 26 ° 11 '3.9 "  N , 31 ° 55' 8.8"  E

This version was added to the selection of informative lists and portals on October 18, 2006 .