Complementary sentence

As a complement clause (from the Latin complēmentum 'supplement' ), subordinate clauses are referred to in grammar that are required by the valence of an element in the main clause. The most common forms of the complement clause are the object clause and the subject clause . The predicative clauses and complement clauses appear less frequently as a supplement to adjectives or nouns.

Depending on the precise definition, the term complementary sentence can be synonymous with content sentence , but the latter is sometimes defined differently.

Differentiation to adverbial sentences

In contrast to adverbial clauses , the task of complementary clauses is not to semantically modify the main clause, but mostly to complete it syntactically in the first place. While the subordinate (concessional) sentence for "I came too late, although I hurried ." Is not grammatically necessary, the subordinate (object) sentence for "I know when this happened ." so that the sentence is complete. This is because coming too late is an intransitive and therefore monovalent verb: it can form a complete sentence together with the subject. The verb to know , on the other hand, is transitive and thus has two values: it can only form a complete sentence in connection with an object and the subject (someone knows something ); the function of such objects can be assumed by nouns or subordinate clauses. Syntactically, the sentence “ I know ” could stand for itself if it becomes clear in the context what is known. This shows that subject clauses and predicative clauses are always required as a supplement to the main clause.

Complementary sentences to adjectives and nouns

However, not only verbs can rule complements. Certain nouns and adjectives can also require complements, even if their complements are often easier to omit.

Examples

Object set

She said she read the book .

Subject sentence

To be here in Rome is a wonderful thing.

Predicative clause

This is what I have always dreamed of .

Adjectival complementary sentence

He was sure that he would pass the exam .

Participatory complementary clause

He's annoyed with doing his homework .

Nominal complementary sentence

He was afraid that he would not pass the exam .