L-participle
In the Czech language, the L-participle is the verb form ( participle ) used in combination with the auxiliary verb být ( German to be ) to form the past tense . The same principle is used in other Slavic languages .
Example:
- Sel jsem do kina. German: I went to the cinema.
šel is the L-participle masculine singular of jít (to go) , jsem is the 1st person singular of být (to be) . The other forms are:
- Šla jsem do kina. German: I went to the cinema. (Singular female)
- Sli jsme do kina. German: We went to the cinema. (Plural for at least one male person)
- Šly jsme do kina. German: We went to the cinema. (Plural female)
The neuter form ends in o : To šlo . German: That worked.
The L-participle šel of jít is an irregular formation. Usually the infinitive ending -t is simply replaced by -l . A long vowel in the infinitive may be shortened.
- děla t > děla l (to do)
- kupova t > kupova l (buy)
- prosi t > prosi l (ask)
- nés t > nes l (to wear)
- by t > by l (to be)