Situation awareness

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The construct situational awareness or situational awareness (ger .: Situational Awareness , so often in German with SA for short) refers to the state to be aware of his surroundings applicable aware sometimes reach such a state the process. Situation awareness denotes z. B. the ability to “observe, detect, identify, track and understand illegal cross-border activity in order to adequately justify responses by combining new information with known facts and to be better able to deal with the loss of the life of migrants ”at the external borders.

model

Endsley's model can be used to describe the process that leads to an appropriately correct situational awareness. The process then proceeds as follows:

  1. The objects in the area are perceived.
  2. Their meaning is understood.
  3. The changes in the environment and the future state of the objects are accurately predicted for a sufficient period of time.

This is followed by the decision , implementation planning and action processes - separated from the situation awareness .

The model shows that important prerequisites for situational awareness are the ability to perceive and a minimum of attention. Influencing variables that contribute to good situational awareness are (according to Redden, 2001) experience , trained cognitive abilities and high speed and accuracy of perception .

Capture

As a construct, situational awareness cannot be measured directly, and a lack of or insufficient situational awareness does not necessarily manifest itself in visible errors, incidents or accidents. Consequently, an observation only leads to a limited extent to statements about the situation awareness. Nevertheless, observation in the work environment or in experiments and questioning the self-assessment are a means of recording situational awareness.

meaning

Many human activities, especially in process and vehicle management, but also in medicine, require adequate situational awareness; many cases of human error can be explained with insufficient situational awareness. As a result, technical or organizational measures can be introduced that increase situational awareness or prevent loss of situational awareness and thus increase safety in the process, when driving the vehicle or generally in the human-machine system . Examples are the constant display of relevant parameters in process visualization systems, automatic announcement of the altitude on approach or the bell of the typewriter shortly before reaching the end of the line.

See also

literature

  • Mica R. Endsley (Ed.): Situation Awareness: Analysis and Measurement. Erlbaum, Mahwah NJ 2000, ISBN 0-8058-2133-3 .
  • Simon Banbury, Sébastien Tremblay (Eds.): A Cognitive Approach to Situation Awareness: Theory and Application. Ashgate, Aldershot 2004, ISBN 0-7546-4198-8 .
  • Elizabeth E. Strickland Redden: Measuring and Understanding Individual Differences in the Situation Awareness of Workers in High-Intensity Jobs. PhD dissertation. Auburn University, 2001.
  • Dirk Stelling: Psychological Factors and Situation Awareness. German Aerospace Center eV, Cologne 2005 (research report; DLR FB 2005 14).
  • CM Schulz, MR Endsley, EF Kochs, AW Gelb, KJ Wagner: Situation Awareness in Anesthesia - Concept and Research. In: Anesthesiology. 118 (3), Mar 2013, pp. 729-742.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Art. 2 No. 7 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1896