Life Guard Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115

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The Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 was an association of the Grand Ducal Hessian Armed Forces, which had been integrated into the Prussian Army as a contingent since the military convention with Prussia of 1867 and last there was the Grand Ducal Hessian (25th) Division formed.

The regimental founder, Landgrave Ludwig V.
The flag of the Leib-Regiment on foot with the initials of Landgrave Ludwig X.
Flag of the Leib-Guard Regiment. Here already with the initials of Grand Duke Ludwig I.

Foundation day

Established by Landgrave Ludwig V on the Foundation Day of March 11, 1621, it was the oldest active regiment in Germany. It was always stationed in Darmstadt with a crowd.

Regiment chief / regiment owner

Thereafter, the sovereign was always in the possession of the head office.

Submission in 1914

  • Grand Ducal Hessian (25th) Division in Darmstadt
  • 49th Infantry Brigade (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) in Darmstadt

List and history

Set up in 1621 as a normal infantry regiment, in 1806, after the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt had been elevated to a Grand Duchy , he was given the title of "Life Guard" regiment. Most recently it was called "Leibgarde Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115". The regiment owner was always the ruling Landgrave or Grand Duke .

  • March 11, 1621: by order of Landgrave Ludwig V , a company of infantry was set up as "Company Dressler".
  • 1630: With the “Company Dressler” as a tribe, the “Regiment von Leyen” was formed, the previous “Company Dressler” became the “Princely Body Company” within the regiment.
  • 1632: The "Regiment von Leyen" was dissolved, the "Princely Body Company" remained as an independent association.
  • 1646: With another five recruited companies, the "Princely Body Company" was increased to the "Body Regiment on Foot".
  • 1647: The companies recruited the year before were dismissed, the previous regiment consisted only of the "Leib-Company".
  • 1672: The body company was increased to 200 men and henceforth called "Life Guard on Foot".
  • 1677: Two more companies were set up and the "Life Guard Battalion" was formed.
  • 1687: The regiment fought under Prince Georg von Hessen on behalf of the Republic of Venice , which was allied with the Emperor and the Poles against the Turks , in order to support them in association with other German troops in the reconquest of the Peloponnese .
  • February 1690: The regiment returned home because of the Palatine War of Succession with France that had broken out in the meantime. The personnel losses through fighting and illness were so blatant that in May 1689 the number was only 191 men. Ludwig Balthasar von Schrautenbach-Weitolshausen now took over the regimental command as a lieutenant colonel . In order to complete the so strongly melted regiment, it was merged with the previous bodyguard in 1691 and from then on bore the name "von Schrautenbach Regiment".
  • 1691: After the number of staff had fluctuated several times in the past few years, the association was increased to a regiment again, without, however, remaining constant in the strength of the presence.
  • April 1, 1697: Three companies were given up for the formation of the Ober-Rheinischer Kreis-Regiment (the later Prince Carl Regiment ).
  • September 1, 1745: In the regiment the "1. Grenadier Leib-Komp. "
  • March 1768: Creation of a 2nd Grenadier Company. The regiment was now called "Leib-Regiment zu Fuß" and consisted of two battalions of one grenadier and four musketeer companies.
  • 1790: Surrender of the two grenadier companies to form the 1st Leib grenadier battalion
  • June 1, 1803: Under French influence, a reclassification took place. The infantry was divided into three field brigades and three reserve brigades. Field Brigade 1 was the body brigade and consisted of the "Leib-Regiment zu Fuß" (body regiment on foot) with two battalions of four companies and the fusilier battalion.
  • August 18, 1806: The “Leib-Brigade” was renamed “Leib-Garde-Brigade”, the “Leib-Regiment” into “Leib-Garde-Regiment”, the fusilier battalion into “Guard-Fusilier-Bataillon”.
  • March 1, 1812: The Guard Fusilier Battalion was released from the Brigade Association. The brigade structure was dissolved and the Leib-Garde Regiment consisted of two battalions. The Guard Fusilier Battalion was used with the I. Leib Fusilier Battalion of the Leib Regiment to set up the provisional light infantry regiment .
  • 1812: In the campaign to Russia , the "Leib-Garde-Regiment" was almost wiped out.
  • 1813: The "Leib-Garde-Regiment" was reorganized with two battalions of four companies each.
  • July 1, 1820: reorganization of the armed forces. The regiment received two companies from the disbanded "Prince Emil Regiment".
  • April 11, 1830: The regiment was named “1. Infantry Regiment (Leib-Garde-Regiment) ”and led this until 1872.
  • April 7, 1867: Military convention with Prussia.
  • July 1, 1866: The rifle company left the regimental association.
  • June 13, 1871: New military convention with Prussia. The Hessian contingent remained as a closed division in the association of the Prussian Army. The addition "Grand Ducal" was introduced.
  • January 1, 1872: The structure of the association was reformed according to the Prussian model. The former "Guard Jäger Battalion" was initially attached to the regiment as the Guard Fusilier Battalion, but continued to carry the Jägerhorn in the battalion flag. Personnel had to be handed in to form the fusilier battalion of the infantry body regiment . The Grand Duke. Hessian troops appeared for the first time in the ranking for 1872. The regiment was named “1. Grand Ducal Hessian Infantry (Life Guard) Regiment No. 115 ”and led this until 1906
  • April 1, 1881: 11th Company surrendered to Infantry Regiment No. 116
  • April 1, 1887: Transfer of the 8th Company to Infantry Regiment No. 138
  • January 4, 1889: The Guard Fusilier Battalion was in III. Battalion renamed
  • August 2, 1893: formation of an IV (half) battalion.
  • April 1, 1897: Delivery of the 4th Battalion to the formation of Infantry Regiment No. 168 .
  • November 28, 1906: For the last time the name changes to: "Leibgarde-Infanterie-Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115"

Uniformity

Cuffs of the team skirt. The buttonhole slits are highlighted in white instead of the usual red.
Cuffs of the officer's skirt. Only with the officers of this regiment was the bottom button not decapitated

Blue tunic according to the Prussian pattern with red badge color. On the collar and on the Brandenburg lapels , lace made of white wool (for officers made of silver) was worn. A special feature of the officers was that the lower sleeve strands were not buttoned through, and instead of the lap color (here red) the background of the buttonholes was lined with white as usual. A crowned “L” was worn on the shoulder pieces until 1897, after which an “EL” was worn. The 1st Company was called "Leibkompanie" and had an "L" on the buttons of the epaulettes instead of the usual company number. The new model of the Pickelhaube from 1887 had all fittings in white metal , on the front the armored and crowned Hessian lion surrounded by branches, in the background a bandeau with the dates “1621” and “1897”, with the guard star on top. This was done in email and exalted by the officers. The belt lock only had a 5-bowed crown in white metal. The officer's sash was made of silver and had three red drawstrings. The armband in the same color, the lock was provided with a crowned "EL". The armpits of the officers were made of silver with a red finish. In 1913, the field-gray uniform was worn for the first time during maneuvers and exercises.

In 1908 and 1909 the Leibcompanie won the Kaiserpreis for best shooting performance within the infantry of the XVIII. Army Corps and was allowed to wear a corresponding badge on the sleeve of his skirt.

Battle calendar

Thirty Years' War

1636: Second siege of Magdeburg

Dutch War

1677/78: Campaigns with the Imperial Army on the Rhine and Saar against France

War of the Palatinate Succession

1689/96: against France on the Rhine and in the Netherlands
1689: capture of Mainz
1695: Storming of Namur

War of the Spanish Succession

1702 to 1713: War against France on the Middle and Upper Rhine
1702: Battle of Friedlingen, Landau fortress is taken
1703: Defense of Landau, Battle of the Speyerbach
1704: Landau is captured

War of the Polish Succession

1734/35: Fights against France on the Upper and Middle Rhine

War of the Austrian Succession

1747 to 1749: fighting against France in the Netherlands

American War of Independence

1776–1783: Foreign assignment in North America: Battle near Flatbush , near New York (Incleberg), near White Plains , Woodbridge, on the Brandywine River, near French Creek, storm on Fort Reedbank, in Canada, battle near Stillwater, surrender of Saratoga, Siege of Charlestown

Coalition wars

1792/93: Fights on the Main and Middle Rhine against France
1793: Capture of Mainz , battles near Buchsweiler , near Lembach , and near Weissenburg , battle near Kaiserslautern
1794: Defense of Mainz
1795: Battles near Kreuznach and Planig
1796: Battle of Altenkirchen , Battle of Limburg , battles near Runkel and Oberlahnstein , Battle of Neuwied , battles near Bendorf , near Montabaur , battles near Mainz and Wiesbaden
1798/99: with the Imperial Observation Army on the Lech
1806/07: On the French side against Prussia:
1806: Battle of Jena
1807: Battles near Graudenz , siege of Graudenz, battle near Neudorf, siege of Stralsund
1809: Fighting against Austria on the French side:
Battle near Efferding, near Ebelsberg, battle near Aspern , battle near Wagram , battle near Znaim .

Campaign to Russia

1812 Battle of Smolensk , Battle of Borodino , Battle of the Moskva , Battle of Krasnoye , Battle of the Berezina , battles near Wilenka, Slavotka and Wilna
1813 Battle near Dirschau. Fight against the allies in Saxony and Silesia . Battle of Großgörschen , Battle of Bautzen , Battle of the Nations near Leipzig , Defense of Torgau .

Rule of the hundred days

1815: Battles near Rheinzabern , Strasbourg , siege of Neubreisach and the fortress of Hüningen

German Revolution 1848/1849

German war

1866: Battles against Prussia: Skirmishes near Frohnhofen / Laufach , Weiler, near Aschaffenburg , Stockstadt , Mainflingen and Gerchsheim.

Franco-German War

1870/71: Battle of Vionville , Battle of Gravelotte , battles near Noisseville, battles near Montbarrois and Orléans , battles near Meung, Beaugency, Montlivault and Chambord, near Bienne, on the Braye Bach, near La Motte-Beuvron, near Dhuizon, enclosure of Metz , Battle of Le Mans . The Pioneer Company (later the 9th Company in Infantry Regiment No. 117) was involved in a battle near Epuisan.

Boxer Rebellion

1900: Participation of volunteers in the East Asian Expeditionary Corps .
Flag of the 1st Battalion around 1880 with the initials of Grand Duke Ludwig IV.

First World War

The regiment consisted of three battalions with four companies each, plus a machine gun company per battalion from 1913 onwards. After the mobilization order was received on August 1, 1914 , the regiment was ready to march on the fifth day of mobilization with a strength of 83 officers, 3305 NCOs and men and 240 horses. In May 1915 the 13th and 14th companies were set up, and the 2nd and 3rd MG companies were set up on October 20, 1916.

1914

Battle of Neufchâteau , battles near Moissin and Anloy, battles on the Meuse and Marne , battles near Sermaize, Maurupt-et-le-Montoy, near Reims , near Roye, Gruny Fresnoy, Goyenmurt, Gorullers.

1915

Fights at Neuve-Chapelle, Roue, Beuvraignes.

1916

2 soldiers in team uniform, 1910
Battle of Verdun - Fights in the Caures Forest, near Beaumont, on the Pepper Ridge, in the Chauffour Forest, Caillette Forest, Albain Forest and at Fort Douaumont .
Fight on the Aisne,
Battle of the Somme ,
Fight between Meuse and Moselle .

1917

Fight on the Somme
Fight in the Siegfriedstellung
Battle of Flanders .

1918

Great battle in France ,
Breakthrough between Houzéoucourt and Vermaud
Fight in the summer area near Bourhavesnes, in the Marrimes forest and near Maurepas
Fourth Battle of Flanders
Defensive battle between Somme, Oise and Scarpe
Fight in front of the Siegfried and in the Hermann position
Retreat fighting in the Antwerp-Maas position .

losses

Life guard monument in Darmstadt, Friedensplatzː The sandstone plinth of the monument, which is inserted in a niche in front of the northern castle wall, tapers upwards and carries a fatally wounded lion that rears up with the last of its strength. Heinrich Jobst designed the bronze lion in 1928 .

The recorded casualties in the First World War were:

139 officers
327 NCOs
2518 teams

In addition, there are a not inconsiderable number of missing persons - most of whom are to be counted among the dead, as well as those who died after the war as a result of the war.

Replacement troop units

  • "1. Replacement Battalion InfRgt 115 “set up in Darmstadt. Two of these companies joined the

Brigade Replacement Battalion No. 49, the 1st and 3rd Company (as 1st and 3rd Company) to Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 221 and the 5th Company (as 5th Company) to Infantry Regiment No. 625.

  • "2. Replacement Battalion InfRgt 115 “set up in Darmstadt. Disbanded June 30, 1917.

Whereabouts

After the Compiègne armistice , the remnants of the regiment marched back home. From December 20, 1918, the 1st and 2nd Battalion was in Michelstadt , the Guard Fusilier Battalion in Darmstadt. Then all units in Erbach (Odenwald) were combined and demobilized there . The regiment was finally disbanded on April 23, 1919.

In January 1919, a volunteer battalion with MG and MW companies was set up from parts of the demobilized regiment , which was deployed in the Hesse Freikorps in the following months. With the formation of the Provisional Reichswehr , it was integrated into the Reichswehr Rifle Regiment 35 as the 1st Battalion from June 1919.

tradition

The tradition continued in the Reichswehr with the 1st Company of the 15th Infantry Regiment in Giessen .

Commanders

Rank Surname date
Colonel Eduard von Grolman 0February 3, 1862 to December 27, 1866
Colonel Adolf Kehrer January 24th to July 9th, 1867
Lieutenant colonel Karl Wilhelm Keim July 10, 1867 to May 31, 1868
Lieutenant colonel Moritz von Frankenberg and Ludwigsdorf 0June 1 to July 2, 1868 (in charge of the tour)
Colonel Moritz von Frankenberg and Ludwigsdorf 0July 3, 1868 to November 6, 1869
Lieutenant colonel August Coulmann 0November 6, 1869 to October 30, 1871
major Carl Ludwig Anschütz October 31 to December 31, 1871 (in charge of the tour)
Colonel Dietrich von Grawert 0January 1, 1872 to October 14, 1874
Colonel August von Seebeck July 20, 1882 to December 3, 1886
Lieutenant colonel Hermann von Chappuis 0December 4, 1886 to April 15, 1887 (in charge of the tour)
Colonel Hermann von Chappuis April 16, 1887 to February 14, 1890
Lieutenant colonel Heinrich von und zu Egloffstein January 27, 1893 to February 13, 1894 (in charge of the tour)
Colonel Heinrich von und zu Egloffstein February 14 to June 11, 1894
Colonel Alexander Rüdt von Collenberg July 22, 1900 to October 27, 1902
Lieutenant colonel Alfred von Besser October 28, 1902 to January 26, 1903 (in charge of the tour)
Colonel Alfred von Besser January 27, 1903 to March 21, 1907
Colonel Oskar von Hutier March 22, 1907 to March 21, 1910
Colonel Otto von Etzel March 22, 1910 to February 19, 1912
Colonel Wolf von Helldorff February 20, 1912 to August 1, 1914
Lieutenant colonel Ludolf von Oven 02nd to 21st August 1914
Colonel Maximilian of Prussia September 19, 1914 to March 22, 1916
major Ernst Nigmann March 23 to May 30, 1916
Colonel Maximilian of Prussia May 31 to December 20, 1916
Lieutenant colonel Leopold von Kleist December 21, 1916 to April 27, 1917
major Karl von Rettberg April 28 to November 18, 1917
Lieutenant colonel Eduard von Westhoven November 19, 1917 to May 12, 1918
major Karl von Büdingen May 13 to October 1918
Colonel Heinrich von Westernhagen October 1918 to January 1919
major Karl von Rettberg January 1919

literature

  • Carl Christian Röder von Diersburg, Fritz Beck: History of the 1st Grand Ducal Hessian Infantry (Leibgarde-) Regiment No. 115, 1621-1899. Berlin 1899. Digitized in the Google book search
  • Alex-Victor von Frankenberg and Ludwigsdorff: The Life Guard Infantry Regiment (1st Grand Ducal Hessian) No. 115 in the World War 1914–1918. Belser Verlag. Stuttgart 1921, DNB 579403076 .
  • Three hundred year life guard regiment. Sheets in memory of the glorious past of the Life Guard Infantry Regiment (1. Großh. Hess.), No. 115. Kichler, Darmstadt 1929, DNB 361869657 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Also known as the holder's position
  2. ^ Jürgen Kraus: Handbook of the units and troops of the German army 1914-1918. Part VI: Infantry. Volume 1: Infantry Regiments. Verlag Militaria, Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-902526-14-4 , p. 195.