List of the fallen nobles on the Habsburg side in the battle of Sempach

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Battle Chapel Sempach (2010)

In the battle of Sempach on July 9, 1386, with many losses , fell in addition to Leopold III. from Habsburg Austria nearly 400 men (the Chronicle of Switzerland even reports of 700 knights) of noble descent on his side. The losses of the "non-aristocrats", which were many more (around 1100 men), are not taken into account (the losses of the Hauensteiner Landfahn and the Schaffhausen contingent alone, for example, count 200 victims). Almost every noble family from the areas of Swabia and Tyrol , later known as Upper Austria , suffered losses. In addition, the campaign cost the House of Habsburg a fortune. To finance this military action, Leopold III. even pledge some lands in northern Italy. Habsburg rulers and cities were obliged by feudal or alliance agreements to allow military immigration in the event of war, which also meant a financial burden for them. Now that the battle was lost, that loss could not be compensated. After the outcome of the battle, many nobles, including the children of Leopold , who had to cede Kleinbasel pledged to their father in their dire financial straits , had to sell or pledge properties. In addition, quite a few noble houses lost their ancestors . This blow led to the partial collapse of the nobility in Swabia and Upper Austria, but above all in what is now Switzerland.

Map of Switzerland around 1200 - Habsburg power

Although one cannot speak of a national consciousness in today's sense, this victory shaped a very strong feeling of togetherness among the Confederates, about which W. Meyer writes: " The feeling of togetherness, based on the elementary ties of a" brotherhood in arms ", was already around 1400 so strongly trained that when groups of warriors meet, tears of joy were part of the welcoming ritual. "

Habsburg power around 1315

Initially, the interests of the individual federal allies were in the territorial expansion and this was linked to the continuous displacement of the aristocratic rulership in what is now Switzerland, which was largely under the Habsburg power , which was considerably weakened by the battle of Sempach . As early as 1270 the House of Habsburg owned rights, fiefs and own property ( allod ) from the Black Forest to Üechtland and Central Switzerland , from Lake Constance to central Alsace . These areas were of great interest to the federal allies and were therefore the focus of their territorial expansion plans. It was not only important for the Habsburgs to defend their own property in these areas, but they were also obliged by their patronage obligations over, among others, the monasteries of St. Gallen , St. Blasien , Säckingen , Einsiedeln , which also had large estates there, to assist them in conflicts with the confederates. If the individual federal allies won a rule , this was initially not "common property of a confederation ", but became the property of the respective ally who had taken it, which later led to conflicts among the confederates . In place of the earlier aristocratic rulership in the rulers that had been won, the cities and their councils, which became more and more powerful, took the place of them and occupied them with their bailiffs or mayors , who now administered the rulers in their favor.

The confederates were very aware that the suppression of the aristocracy could only succeed if one could trust in the military strength of a united army. For this purpose, the cities of Zurich , Lucerne , Bern and Solothurn , the city and office of Zug, and the states of Uri , Schwyz and Unterwalden created a code of war in the so-called Sempacher Letter on July 10, 1393 , which regulated the provisions for battles. The possibility of joint conquests under a common supremacy also developed. These were then referred to as " common rule ".

A true heyday of this rule expansion at the expense of the Habsburgs came almost 30 years after the battle of Sempach, when Emperor Sigismund the 1415 imperial ban on Duke Frederick IV. , The youngest son of Leopold imposed, which not for nothing the nickname " the Empty Pockets wore" . The Habsburg supremacy, weakened by the battle of Sempach, suffered another blow from the Confederates. Habsburg lost large areas in what is now the canton of Aargau , including the Habichtsburg , the family seat of the Habsburgs, after which the family has been named since 1090.

Despite the progressive independence of the Confederation, it remained, at least in terms of protocol, in the German system of rule. A de facto detachment from the Holy Empire of German Nations only came about after the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648 in the so-called Peace of Westphalia .

Structure and sources

This list includes the fallen nobles on the Habsburg side, who are listed in the chronicles and literature mentioned below. The different spellings of the fallen in the chronicles and other sources are combined in the list to form a single name. This provides an overview of the actual number of fallen nobles and is intended to avoid double entries.

Memorials

Memorial plaque in the monastery church in Königsfelden

To commemorate the victory of the Confederates over the Habsburg army and the many fallen nobles on the Habsburg side, the battle chapel of Sempach was built at the place where Duke Leopold of Austria was alleged to have died . The walls were decorated with the coats of arms and names of a large number of the fallen nobles on the Habsburg side, as well as with a battle painting. The captured battle banners were divided among the Confederates. The banners captured by Lucerne were displayed in the Franciscan Church in Lucerne. Some of them are still preserved there in the form of paintings. There is a memorial plaque in the left aisle of the monastery church in Königsfelden . In addition to Leopold von Habsburg-Austria, twenty-seven of a total of forty knights who died in the battle of Sempach and were buried in Königsfelden are depicted. The knights are shown kneeling and praying next to their coat of arms. An old wall painting, which was in the choir of the church, served the artist in 1692 as a template, who transferred these depictions onto wooden panels. These were then displayed as a memorial plaque in the left aisle of the church.

Series of images

  • Leopold of Austria and Johannes von Ochsenstein

  • Heraldic panels in the battle chapel of Sempach

  • Ossuary - Battle Chapel Sempach

  • Choir of the battle band Sempach

  • Choir of the battle band Sempach

  • Battle banner in the former Barfüsserkirche in Lucerne

  • Battle banner of the Hauensteiner Landfahnen

literature

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The battle near Sempach . 1886, memorial book for the fifth secular celebration. On behalf of the h. Government Council of the Canton of Lucerne, written by Dr. Theodor von Liebenau, state archivist. With 10 illustrations. Lucerne Verlag by CF Prell, 1886
  • Dr. Anton Henne von Sargans: Klingenberger Chronik . 1861. The Klingenberg Chronicle as used by Schodoler, Tschudi, Stumpf, Guillimon and others, after the one owned by Tschudi and four other manuscripts for the first time in its entirety and parallel from simultaneous unprinted chronicles, edited by Dr. Anton Henne von Sargans, former professor of history at the canton school 1834-1841 and the Bern University from 1842-1855. Gotha, with Friedrich Andreas Perthes. 1861
  • Kasimir Pfyffer: History of the City and the Canton of Lucerne, Part 1 . 1850 - History of the city and the canton of Lucerne by Dr. Kasimir Pfyffer. From the origin to the state upheaval in 1798. Zurich, at Orell, Flüßli and Comp., 1850.
  • Melchior Russians: Federal Chronicle . 1482 new edition by Joseph Schneller, 1834 - Melchior Russen, Ritter von Luzern, Eidgenössische Chronik; Written in 1482 and published for the first time in 1834 by Joseph Schneller, member of the Swiss Society for Research on History. Bern, publishing house by TA Jenni, son. 1834
  • Franz Joseph Mone: Collection of sources for the history of Baden, Volume 3 . 1863 - Collection of sources for the history of Baden. Published on behalf of the government by FJ Mone, archive director in Karlsruhe, third volume, with a booklet of illustrations. Karlsruhe, printing and publishing by T. Macklot. 1863
  • Carl Frantz Haberer: Eydgnössisch-Schweizerischer Regiment Ehren-Spiegel . 1706 - Eydgnössisch-Swiss Regiment Ehren-Spiegel: or a short draft of the government / and state order Hochlobl. Cantons - Carl Frantz Haberer, 1706
  • Franz Joseph Mone: Collection of sources of Baden regional history . Karlsruhe, Volume I, 1848
  • Martin Steger and Josef Fink: The battle chapel of Sempach . (Brochure), 1999
  • Werner Meyer : 1291 The story - the beginnings of the Confederation . 1990, Silva-Verlag, Zurich
  • Chronicle publishing house: Chronicle of Switzerland . 1987, ISBN 3-611-00031-0 (Chronik Verlag), ISBN 3-7178-0026-4 (Ex Libris Verlag)
  • René Teuteberg : Basel history . 1986, Christoph Merian Verlag Basel, ISBN 3-85616-027-2 .
  • Dr. Fridolin Jehle and Anton Englert: History of the Dogern community . 1978, H. Zimmermann KG, Waldshut printing and publishing house
  • Aegidius Tschudi : Chronicon Helveticum

swell

Frankfurt loss list - 1386

City Archives Frankfurt a. M .: Book of the Federation fol. 98-100; in Cod. C. No. 65, sheet 98 b after a copy by Johann Friedrich Böhmer

Secondary literature on the source

  • Dr. Th. Von Liebenau: Arnold Winkelried - his time and his deeds, 1862; Pp. 209-211.
  • Rossel: The Imperial City of Frankfurt, 1862, pages 7-10.
  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Chronicle of the Benedictine monastery Kremsmünster in Austria - 1386

  • Addition from the 14th century to the "Historiae Bern". Cremifanensis. H. Pez .: Script. rer. Austriac. I, pp. 695-696.
  • Monumenta Germaniae. Scriptores XXV, 665.

Secondary literature on the source

  • Losert: The historical sources of Kremsmünster in the XIII. and XIV. Century, Vienna, Braumüller 1872, pp. 61-62.
  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Conforti Pulicis Annales Vicentini - 1371-1387

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Chronicle of the Franciscan Detmar von Lübeck - between 1386 and 1395

Secondary literature on the source

Chronicle of the Benedictine monastery Zwettel in Austria - around 1390

  • Anonymi Coenobitae Zwetlicensis chronika terrarum Austriae, Stiriae, Karinthiae etc. - Pez .: Scriptores rerum Austriac. I, 1001.

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Chronicle of the Austrian Gregor or Matthäus Hagen - around 1394

  • H. Pez: Scriptores rerum Austriacarum, Tom. I, fol. 1154-1155 (Gregor Hagen 1394-1395)

Secondary literature on the source

  • Heinrich Gehrig: The Winkelried question, pp. 53–54.
  • Chmel: Oesterreichisches Notblatt, II, p. 135
  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Austrian Chronicle - 1394–1395

  • copied in 1480 by Clemens Specker von Sulgen, sacristan in Königsfelden - Codex Man. A 45, fol. in the Bern City Library

Secondary literature on the source

  • Dr. Th. Von Liebenau: Königsfeld Chronicles on the history of Emperor Friedrich III., Yearbook of the kk heraldic society, Adler in Vienna, 1884; XIV. Year, p. 11ff.
  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Swabian Chronicle - late 14th century

Secondary literature on the source

  • Barrack: manuscripts of F. von Fürstenberg. Library p. 20
  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Thurgau Chronicle - early 15th century

  • Manuscript C 52, of the historical association of the V Orte in Lucerne; Title: E. Müller: Chronicle. Written around 1482

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Strasbourg additions to Königshofen's chronicle - 15th century

  • Cod. No. 844 - This manuscript was lost in the fire in Strasbourg in 1870

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886
  • Mone: Sources collection of the Baden regional history, Karlsruhe, 1848, Volume I, p. 266

Chronicle of Constanz - 15th century

  • Chronicle in the city archive of Konstanz, sheet 102, A

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886
  • Mone: Collection of sources from Baden's regional history, Karlsruhe, 1848, Volume I, p. 324

Stuttgart Annals - 15th Century

  • "Annales Stuttgartenses". Yearbooks of the Holy Cross Abbey in Stuttgart.

Secondary literature on the source

  • Stälin: Württemberg Yearbooks for Patriotic History, Geography, Statistics, and Topography, Stuttgart 1849, 2nd issue, p. 12
  • Troulliat: Monuments de l´Histoire de l`ancien Eveche de Bale V, p. 698
  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

St. Blasian manuscript from Königshofen's Chronicle - 1403

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886
  • Mone: Collection of sources for the history of Baden, Volume III., P. 500

Additions to Königshofen's Chronicle - 1406

  • Mone: Collection of sources for the history of Baden, Volume III., P. 492

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Chronicle of Nicolaus Stulmann - 1407

Secondary literature on the source

  • Josef Würdinger : 32nd annual report of the histor. Kreis-Verein von Schwaben and Neuburg for the year 1866, pp. 21-25.
  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Basel Annals - 1308/1408

  • Manuscript mid 15th century

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

City chronicle of Bern v. 1414 and Conrad Justinger's Bern Chronicle - 1420

Secondary literature on the source

  • Dr. G. Studer: Justingers Berner Chronik , pp. 163–165.
  • Stierlin: Justinger's Chronicle pp. 213-216
  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Johann Viler: Chronica of Keisern, Popes, Confederation and Alsace - 1430

  • Handwriting in Wolfenbüttel. Cod. Guelferbyt. 83.15 Aug

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Erhard von Appenwiler , chaplain in Basel - continuation of the Repgauic World Chronicle - 1439

  • Manuscript from the university library in Basel. Cod. E. VI, A26, fol. 198-199

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Breisgauische Liederhandschrift - 1445

  • Hs. 362 of the Freiburg University Library ( digitized version )
  • after the "Lassberg'schen copy" in the Fürstlich Fürstenberg'schen library in Donaueschingen (today Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek, Donaueschingen 72 )

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886, p. 164f

Aegidius Tschudi : Chronicon Helveticum

  • based on a new edition by Hans Jacob Bischoff, Basel, 1734

Nuremberg Chronicle of the World by Johannes Plattenberger and Theodor Truchsess, clerk - around 1459

  • The Chronicles of the German Cities Volume III, Leipzig 1864, p. 291

Secondary literature on the source

  • Lorenz: Germany's historical sources, 1886, Volume 1, p. 172
  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Chronicle of Thomas Ebendorfer von Haslach - approx. 1440 - 1463

  • Thomas Ebendorfferi de Haselbach Chronicon Austriacum (scriptum c. 1463)
  • Pez: Scriptores rerum Austriacum II, pp. 816-817.

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

German Chronicle - 1469

  • edited after Königshofen for Jakob von Stein von Bern; written by Melchior Rupp, schoolmaster of Schwyz. Manuscript in Bern I, No. 41, fol CCCXXIX, b.

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Gebhard Dacher's Chronicle of Constance

  • St. Gallen monastery manuscript No. 646, pp. 192 - 193 and Constanzer Chronik No. 2807 of the kk court library in Vienna

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Bern Chronicle by the clerk Diepold Schilling - 1480–1484

Secondary literature on the source

  • Wyss and Stierlin: Justinger Chronik, 1819
  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Lucerne Chronicle by Melchior Russ - 1482

The lists of the chronicler Russ are allegedly copies from the "Bernerchronik" which in turn copied the information from Königshofen´s Strassburgerchronik and secondly from a toboggan, which was officially valid in Lucerne.

Secondary literature on the source

  • Dr. Aug. Bernoulli: The Lucerne Chronicle of Melchior Russ , Basel, 1872
  • O. Lorenz: Germany's historical sources, 3rd edition, Volume I, p. 122
  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Austrian loss list - 1484

  • kk secret house, court and state archive in Vienna, Cod 444

Secondary literature on the source

  • K. v. Böhm: The manuscripts of the kk Hof- und Staatsarchiv, p. 146
  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Austrian Chronicle of Veit Arnpeck - 1488–1495

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Eptingian Chronicle - 1487

  • Family book of the Lords of Eptingen, copy of a manuscript from 1487

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Austrian list of losses - 1488

  • Codex No. 107 of the kk house, court and state archive in Vienna

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Anonymous Austrian Chronicle in Stuttgart - 16th century

  • Cod. Hist. 2 ° 179 of the Württemberg State Library, Stuttgart, fol. 68-71

Secondary literature on the source

  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Petermann Ettelin's Chronicle - Basel, 1507

  • Sheet XLVII-XLVIII

Secondary literature on the source

  • Dr. Aug. Bernoulli: Etterlin's Chronicle of the Confederation. Yearbook for Switzerland. Business 1876, I, pp. 122-131.
  • Theodor von Liebenau: The Battle of Sempach , 1886

Collection of Christian Wurstisen , after 1580

This list was processed and corrected as early as 1885 (cf. Anzeiger für Schweizerische Geschichte, Volume 4, 1885). Since this list has been checked for its historical veracity, the results of this list are also taken into account here.

Secondary literature on the source

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Chronicle of Switzerland: ISBN 3-611-00031-0 from 1987
  2. ↑ cf. Liebenau “The Battle of Sempach” p. 95
  3. ↑ On Lauben's stemmatography Helvetia X, fol. 303ff
  4. ↑ cf. Theodor von Liebenau - The battle at Sempach
  5. ^ René Teuteberg: Basel history
  6. ^ Document book of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau, Volume 1, Heinrich Schreiber, p. 264
  7. ^ René Teuteberg: Basler Geschichte p. 135
  8. ↑ Fridolin Jehle and Anton Englert: History of the Dogern community
  9. ↑ Werner Meyer: 1291 The Story - The Beginnings of the Confederation P. 228
  10. ↑ Werner Meyer: 1291 The Story - The Beginnings of the Confederation P. 229
  11. ^ Rene Teuteberg: Basler Geschichte, p. 131
  12. ^ Franz Schoch: The history of Switzerland
  13. ↑ According to Conrad Schnitt's book of arms for the Basler families, in 1530 a total of forty knights were buried in Königsfelden
  14. ^ Heinrich Thommen: The battle of Sempach in the picture of posterity, 1986, p. 78
  15. ↑ This also contains a list of the warriors who fell from Lucerne
  16. ↑ Anzeiger für Schweizerische Geschichte, Volume 4, Page 8