List of human cell types

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nerve cell (in green), bars ≙ 0.1 mm

There are more than 300 cell types in the human body. The different cell types arise during ontogenesis from one of the three germ layers : endoderm , mesoderm or ectoderm . The respective cell lineage arises from the different development .

Cells from the endoderm

Secretory epithelial cells

  1. Salivary gland mucosal cell ( polysaccharide- rich secretion)
  2. Salivary gland number 1 ( glycoprotein- rich secretion)
  3. Von Ebner gland cell (washes taste buds on the tongue)
  4. Mammary gland cell ( milk secretion )
  5. Lacrimal gland cell ( lacrimal secretion )
  6. Ceruminal gland cell in the ear ( earwax secretion )
  7. Eccrine sweat gland dark cell (glycoprotein secretion)
  8. Eccrine sweat gland clear cell (secretion of small molecules)
  9. Apocrine sweat gland cell (fragrant secretion, sex hormone sensitive)
  10. Minor gland cell in eyelid ( sweat gland )
  11. Sebaceous cell ( sebum secretion)
  12. Bowman's gland cell in the nose (washes olfactory epithelium )
  13. Brunner's gland cell in the duodenum ( enzymes and alkaline mucus )
  14. Seminal vesicle cell (secretes seminal fluid )
  15. Prostate cell (seminal fluid)
  16. Bulbourethral gland cell ( mucus secretion)
  17. Bartholin's gland cell (vaginal lubricant secretion)
  18. Littre gland cell (secretion of mucus)
  19. Uterus - endometrial cell ( carbohydrate secretion)
  20. Isolated goblet cells of the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract (mucus secretion)
  21. Gastric mucous membrane cell (secretion of mucus)
  22. Gastric gland cell ( pepsinogen secretion)
  23. Parietal cells ( hydrochloric acid secretion)
  24. Pancreas acinar cell tumors ( bicarbonate and digestive enzyme secretion)
  25. Paneth cells in the intestine ( lysozyme secretion)
  26. Type II pneumocyte of the lungs ( surfactant secretion)
  27. Club cell of the lungs

Hormone secreting cells

  1. Somatotropic anterior pituitary cell
  2. Lactotropic anterior pituitary cell
  3. Thyrotropic anterior pituitary cell
  4. Gonadotropic anterior pituitary cell
  5. Corticotropic anterior pituitary cell
  6. Interbrain cell (secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone )
  7. Large cell neurosecretory cell (secretes oxytocin )
  8. Large cell neurosecretory cell (secretes vasopressin )
  9. Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secretes serotonin )
  10. Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secretes endorphin )
  11. Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secretes somatostatin )
  12. Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secretes gastrin )
  13. Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secretin secretin )
  14. Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secretes cholecystokinin )
  15. Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secretes insulin )
  16. Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secretes glucagon )
  17. Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secreted bombesin )
  18. Thyroid epithelial cell
  19. Parafollicular cell of the thyroid gland
  20. Parathyroid cell of the parathyroid gland
  21. Oxyphilic cell of the parathyroid gland
  22. Chromaffin cell of the adrenal gland (secretes steroid hormones : mineral corticoids and glucocorticoids )
  23. Leydig cell of the testes (secretes testosterone )
  24. Theca interna cell of the ovarian follicle (secretes estrogen )
  25. Granulosa lutein cell of the corpus luteum, cell of the ruptured ovarian follicle (secretes progesterone )
  26. Theca lutein cell of the corpus luteum, cell of the ruptured ovarian follicle (secretes progesterone )
  27. Juxtaglomerular cell ( renin secretion)
  28. Macula densa - cell of the kidneys
  29. Peripolar cell of the kidneys
  30. Mesangial cell of the kidneys

Cells from the ectoderm

Tegmental system

Keratinizing epithelial cells

  1. Epidermal Keratinocytes (Differentiated Cell)
  2. Epidermal basal cell ( stem cell )
  3. Keratinocytes of the fingernails and toenails
  4. Nail bed basal cell (stem cell)
  5. Medullary hair cell
  6. Cortical hair shaft cell
  7. Cuticular hair shaft cell
  8. Cuticular hair root sheath cell
  9. Hair root sheath cell Huxley layer
  10. Hair root sheath cell Henle layer
  11. External hair root sheath cell
  12. Trichocytes of the hair matrix (stem cell)

Barrier epithelial cells

  1. Surface epithelial cells of the squamous epithelial layer of the cornea , tongue , oral cavity , esophagus , anal canal , distal urethra and vagina
  2. Basal cell (stem cell) of the epithelia of the cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina
  3. Urinary epithelial cell ( urinary bladder and urinary tract)

Nervous system

Heart converter cells

  1. Inner hair cell of the organ of Corti
  2. Outer hair cell of the organ of Corti
  3. Basal cell of the olfactory epithelium (stem cell for olfactory neurons)
  4. Primary sensory neurons sensitive to cold
  5. Heat sensitive primary sensory neurons
  6. Merkel cell of the epidermis (touch sensor)
  7. Odor receptor neuron
  8. Pain sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types)
  9. Photoreceptor rod cells
  10. Blue-sensitive photoreceptor cone cells of the eyes
  11. Green-sensitive photoreceptor cone cells of the eyes
  12. Red-sensitive photoreceptor cone cells of the eyes
  13. Proprioceptive primary sensory neurons (various types)
  14. Touch- sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types)
  15. Type I carotid artery cell (pH sensor blood)
  16. Type II carotid artery cell (pH sensor blood)
  17. Type I hair cell of the vestibular system in the ear (acceleration and gravity)
  18. Type II hair cell of the vestibular system in the ear (acceleration and gravity)
  19. Type I taste bud cell

Autonomous nerve cells

  1. Cholinergic nerve cells (various types)
  2. Adrenergic nerve cells (various types)
  3. Peptidergic nerve cells (various types)

Sensory organs and peripheral support cells

  1. Inner column cell of the organ of Corti
  2. Outer column cell of the organ of Corti
  3. Inner phalangeal cell of the organ of Corti
  4. Outer phalangeal cell of the organ of Corti
  5. Marginal cell of the organ of Corti
  6. Hensen's cell of the organ of Corti
  7. Vestibular cell
  8. Taste cell
  9. Olfactory epithelial cell
  10. Schwann cell
  11. Satellite glial cell (encapsulation of peripheral nerve cell bodies)
  12. Enteric glial cell

Central nervous system: neurons and glial cells

  1. Astrocytes (various types)
  2. Neurons (various types)
  3. Oligodendrocytes

Lens cells

  1. Anterior lens epithelial cell
  2. Lens fiber cell containing crystalline

Cells from the mesoderm

Metabolic and storage cells

  1. Hepatocyte (liver cell)
  2. Adipocyte : White fat cell
  3. Adipocyte : Brown fat cell
  4. Liver fat cell

Barrier functional cells ( lungs , intestines , exocrine glands and urogenital tract )

Kidneys

  1. Kidney specimen cells
  2. Podocytes of the kidney glomeruli
  3. Brush border cell of the proximal tubules of the kidneys
  4. Thin segment cell of Henle's loop
  5. Kidney cell of the distal tubules
  6. Kidney collecting tube cell
  7. Type I pneumocyte (edge ​​of the air space in the lungs)
  8. Pancreatic duct cell ( centroacinar cell)
  9. Unstriped canal cell (of the sweat gland , salivary gland , mammary gland, etc.): main cell
  10. Unstriped canal cell (of the sweat gland , salivary gland , mammary gland etc.): intercalated cell
  11. Canal cell (of the seminal vesicle , prostate, etc.)
  12. Brush border cell of the intestine (with microvilli )
  13. Striated canal cell of the exocrine glands
  14. Gallbladder epithelial cell
  15. Uncultivated cell of the efferent duct
  16. Epididymal main cell
  17. Epididymal basal cell

Cells of the extracellular matrix

  1. Ameloblast ( enamel secretion )
  2. Planum semilunatum epithelial cell of the organ of equilibrium in the ear ( proteoglycan secretion)
  3. Interdental epithelial cell of the organ of Corti (cover membrane produces hairs of the tectorial membrane)
  4. Soft connective tissue fibroblast
  5. Corneal fibroblasts (keratocytes)
  6. Tendon fibroblast
  7. Bone marrow fibroblast
  8. Other nonepithelial fibroblasts
  9. Pericyte
  10. Nucleus pulposus Cell of the intervertebral discs
  11. Cementoblast / cementocyte (tooth root- bone secreting Ewan cell)
  12. Odontoblast / odontocyte ( dentin secretion)
  13. Chondrocyte of the hyaline cartilage
  14. Chondrocyte of the fibrous cartilage
  15. Chondrocyte of the elastic cartilage
  16. Osteoblasts / osteocyte
  17. Osteoprogenitor cell (stem cell of osteoblasts )
  18. Hyalocyte of the vitreous humor
  19. Star cell of the perilymphatic space in the ear
  20. Liver star cells (Ito cell)
  21. Pancreatic cell

Contractile cells

  1. Red skeletal muscle cell (slow)
  2. White skeletal muscle cell (fast)
  3. Inter-skeletal muscle cell
  4. Nuclear sac cell of the muscle spindle
  5. Nuclear chain cell of the muscle spindle
  6. Satellite cell (stem cell)
  7. Heart muscle cell , normal
  8. Nodal heart muscle cell (heart muscle cell)
  9. Purkinje fiber cell (heart muscle cell)
  10. Smooth muscle cell (various types)
  11. Myoepithelial cell of the iris
  12. Myoepithelial cell of the exocrine glands

Blood cells and cells of the immune system

  1. Erythrocyte (red blood cells)
  2. Megakaryocyte ( platelet precursor)
  3. Monocyte (white blood cells)
  4. Connective tissue macrophages (various types)
  5. Epidermal Langerhans cell
  6. Osteoclast (in bone)
  7. Dendritic cell (in lymphoid tissue )
  8. Microglial cell (in the central nervous system )
  9. Neutrophil granulocytes
  10. Eosinophils
  11. Basophil granulocytes
  12. Mast cell
  13. T helper cell
  14. Suppressor T cell
  15. Cytotoxic T cell
  16. Natural killer T cell
  17. B cell
  18. Natural killer cell
  19. Reticulocyte
  20. Stem cells precursor cells of hematopoiesis (various types)

Germ cells

  1. Oogonium / egg cells
  2. Spermatid
  3. Spermatocyte
  4. Spermatogonium (stem cell for spermatocytes)
  5. Spermatozoon

Nutrient cells

  1. Ovarian follicle cell
  2. Sertoli cell (in testis )
  3. Thymic epithelial cell

Interstitial cells

  1. Interstitial kidney cell

literature

  • Wolfgang Kühnel: Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy. 4th edition, Thieme flexibook, 2003. ISBN 978-1-58890-175-0 .
  • Edmund S. Cibas, Barbara S. Ducatman: Cytology: Diagnostic Principles and Clinical Correlates. 4th edition, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013. ISBN 978-1-4557-5079-5 .
  • Parvin Ganjei-Azar, Mehrdad Nadji: Color Atlas of Immunocytochemistry in Diagnostic Cytology. Springer Science & Business Media, 2007. ISBN 978-0-387-32122-6 .
  • DC Kraushaar, K. Zhao: The epigenomics of embryonic stem cell differentiation. In: International journal of biological sciences. Volume 9, Number 10, 2013, pp. 1134-1144, ISSN  1449-2288 . doi : 10.7150 / ijbs.7998 . PMID 24339734 . PMC 3858586 (free full text).
  • YD Mahnke, TM Brodie, F. Sallusto, M. Roederer, E. Lugli: The who's who of T-cell differentiation: human memory T-cell subsets. In: European Journal of Immunology. Volume 43, Number 11, November 2013, pp. 2797-2809, ISSN  1521-4141 . doi : 10.1002 / eji.201343751 . PMID 24258910 .
  • KL Marcelo, LC Goldie, KK Hirschi: Regulation of endothelial cell differentiation and specification. In: Circulation research. Volume 112, Number 9, April 2013, pp. 1272-1287, ISSN  1524-4571 . doi : 10.1161 / CIRCRESAHA.113.300506 . PMID 23620236 . PMC 3768127 (free full text).
  • Y. Zhang, D. Khan, J. Delling, E. Tobiasch: Mechanisms underlying the osteo- and adipo-differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. In: TheScientificWorldJournal. Volume 2012, 2012, pp. 793823, ISSN  1537-744X . doi : 10.1100 / 2012/793823 . PMID 22500143 . PMC 3317548 (free full text).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bruce Alberts, Dennis Bray, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and James D. Watson: Cells of the Adult Human Body: A Catalog ( Memento of the original from November 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link became automatic used and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Molecular Biology of the Cell. , Garland, 1994. Appendix. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bioon.com