List of half-timbered houses from the 13th century in Germany

House reconstruction in Nienover

The list of half-timbered houses from the 13th century in Germany includes the oldest half-timbered residential and farm buildings that currently exist in Germany; There are none known from the 12th century. Depending on whether one also regards houses that are largely solidly bricked as half-timbered buildings, the question of the “oldest half-timbered house” is answered differently.

Dating

The dating is made possible by dendrochronological examination of beams. For example, it must be ruled out that the sample is taken from old wood that was (re) used in the relevant half-timbered building, but does not say anything about the age of the house.

Half-timbered building from the 13th century

In terms of height and quality, the houses do not differ from half-timbered houses of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, but hardly show any decorative forms and were probably not painted in color. They come from the Gothic style , but in Germany (unlike in France) they only rarely adopt the Gothic vocabulary of forms from stone construction.

The original appearance of an urban clay half-timbered house (baker's house) from around 1230 was reconstructed on the basis of archaeological findings in the urban desert of Nienover in Solling.

List (sorted by year of construction)

image	country	place	Street, Nr.	Dating	Remarks
	ST	Quedlinburg	Hell 11	1215-1230	1233 documentary mention. The house is older than the city wall and is therefore self-fortified with sandstone masonry (north and south parts); the middle part of the house consists of half-timbered houses.
	HE	Limburg on the Lahn	Slide 5	1245-1255	Solid house on three sides with half-timbered facade. The protrusion of the upper floors was considered very representative in the Middle Ages and could only be realized in half-timbered construction.
	BW	Esslingen	Heugasse 3	1262-1263	Only a few buildings from the 13th century have been preserved.
	BW	Esslingen	Heugasse 5	1262-1263	Half-timbered under plaster, but over several centuries visible framework (as evidenced by the weathered oak beams). Originally two-zone, three-aisled scaffolding structure with a later, solid stone substructure.
	BW	Bad Wimpfen	Marketplace 6	1266	Two-storey post construction on a solid ground floor, made with 35 cm wide oak beams, eaves facing the market square and plastered on this side. “From the oldest wall structure, high wattle panels have been preserved in the gable panels. However, careful grooves on the undersides of the frame and within the transverse flange suggest that board walls were once present. "
	BW	Esslingen	Webergasse 8b	1266-1267	The residential building at Webergasse 8 was created by merging two medieval houses; the western half lost a large part of its original structure in a fire. Two-storey wooden scaffolding in multi-storey construction on an independently trimmed substructure, protruding about 90 cm at the gable. The entire core structure of the 13th century has been preserved.
	NI	Goettingen	Rote Strasse 25	1276	The house was considered the oldest half-timbered house in Germany until 1984 and has been owned by the von Einbeck family since 1334. Special elements: headbands (lugs) in a slightly fluted shape.
	BW	Schwäbisch Hall	Untere Herrngasse 2	1288-1289	Cantilevered second floor, gable roof.
	HE	Limburg on the Lahn	Romans 2, 4, 6	1289	New building after the city fire of 1289 on the preserved basement base: stand construction with a two-sided upper floor projecting and a steep roof. “The house Römer 2-4-6 is an extremely stately former post construction from the late 13th century with two high-quality renovation phases later, a monument to secular architecture of national importance. Its extensive scientific processing through building research allowed an extensive reconstruction of its early structural constructions and promoted the knowledge that the half-timbered building of the 13th century already had a very broad and highly developed repertoire of structural engineering possibilities. "
	HE	Limburg on the Lahn	Small rute 4	1290	Stand construction with high hall, two-zone floor plan on the upper floor and upper floor cantilevers.
	BY	Amorbach	Bädersweg 3/5	1291	Fixed house : residential tower with well-preserved half-timbered upper floor on a stone base.
	HE	Frankfurt am Main	Schellgasse 8	1292	The oldest preserved half-timbered house in Frankfurt. Erected as a barn, converted into a residential building in the 14th century.
	HE	Limburg on the Lahn	Bergstrasse 7	1292	Three-storey building; the east facade has a representative design with a protruding upper floor and a massive porch (exit to a large barrel-vaulted cellar) from the construction period, but overall characterized by construction measures from the 15th / 16th centuries. Century. The north side, on the other hand, shows the construction of the 13th century "with widely spaced posts made from solid logs".
	HE	Limburg on the Lahn	Slide 15	1292	Built at the confluence of the Rütsche in the Fischmarkt, therefore, since the renovation in 1538, a curved facade following the course of the street. Originally a rectangular floor plan over a vaulted cellar that was originally built. The stand construction from the construction period was partially preserved on the east and south sides.
	BW	Ingelfingen	Schmiedgasse 15	1293-1295	The plank room has been preserved on the first floor. “The former living room window was replaced by a baroque wall cupboard and younger windows, including two round windows with lead bars. Otherwise the plank walls are largely preserved. Room with a vaulted plank-beam ceiling with bevelled beams and spouts, the central beam with horn-like decorations. The remaining walls probably originally with wall-high clay wickerwork. "
	TH	Erfurt	Government Street 3	1295	Anchor beam construction, double head struts and rafter roof with double collar beam; Portal: wooden pointed arch. Three quarters of the half-timbered construction from the construction period have been preserved.
	HE	Limburg on the Lahn	Cathedral Square 5	1296	Assembly with a complex history. The east gable facing the Domplatz on older masonry dates from 1296 and originally had eight narrow, high windows and a pitched roof; to the south was a narrow farm building, also from 1296. It was later converted into a residential building.
	HE	Limburg on the Lahn	Romans 1	1296	Built near the wooden bridge over the Lahn at that time; “Three-storey post construction with flattened transoms and formerly wall-high, curved swords over the floor plan of a parallelogram.” Today the rear building of a representative front building built around 1500 in frame construction.
	BY	Bad Windsheim	Weinmarkt 6	1296	A mighty structure on an area of ​​around 12 by 30 m.
	BY	Eichstatt	Turmgasse 5	1297	Stone construction with half-timbered tower.
	BW	Esslingen	Ehnisgasse 18	1298	Eaves-standing house in the Pliensauvorstadt . Two-storey building, half-timbered upper floor (1298d) above a massive ground floor, gable roof renewed in 1486/87.

literature

• G. Ulrich Großmann: Half-timbered in Germany . Michael Imhof Verlag, 2006. ISBN 3-86568-154-9

Individual evidence

1. ^ Adriano Boschetti-Maradi, Raymond Kontic: Possibilities and difficulties of dendrochronological investigations in medieval archeology and building research. In: Communications of the German Society for Archeology of the Middle Ages and Modern Times. 2012, accessed May 30, 2018 . 
2. ^ G. Ulrich Großmann: Half-timbered in Germany . S. 16 .
3. ^ G. Ulrich Großmann: Half-timbered in Germany . S. 8 .
4. ^ G. Ulrich Großmann: Half-timbered in Germany . S. 17-18 .
5. ↑ ID 291219399200. In: Database building research / restoration. Baden-Württemberg State Monument Preservation, accessed on May 30, 2018 . 
6. ↑ ID 214233816119. In: Database building research / restoration. Baden-Württemberg State Monument Preservation, accessed on May 30, 2018 . 
7. ↑ ID 241214409227. In: Database building research / restoration. Baden-Württemberg State Monument Preservation, accessed on May 30, 2018 . 
8. ↑ Martin Willy: From the touch of the Middle Ages in the entablature. In: Stuttgarter Zeitung. January 4, 2012, accessed May 20, 2018 . 
9. ^ G. Ulrich Großmann: Half-timbered in Germany . S. 21 .
10. ↑ Architectural tour through the old town. In: City of Schwäbisch Hall. Retrieved May 30, 2018 . 
11. ^ Limburg-Weilburg, Limburg, Römer 2. (No longer available online.) In: Kulturdenkmäler in Hessen. State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen, archived from the original on October 15, 2016 ; accessed on May 30, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
12. ^ Limburg-Weilburg, Limburg, Kleine Rütsche 4. In: Cultural monuments in Hessen. State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse, accessed on May 30, 2018 . 
13. ↑ Frankfurt-Sachsenhausen, Schellgasse 8. (No longer available online.) In: Kulturdenkmäler in Hessen. State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen, archived from the original on October 15, 2016 ; accessed on May 30, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
14. ↑ Daniel Gräber: Architectural monument in deep sleep. In: Frankfurter Neue Presse. June 14, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2018 . 
15. ^ Limburg-Weilburg, Limburg, Bergstrasse 7. (No longer available online.) In: Kulturdenkmäler in Hessen. State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen, archived from the original on October 15, 2016 ; accessed on May 30, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
16. ^ Limburg-Weilburg, Limburg, Rütsche 15. (No longer available online.) In: Kulturdenkmäler in Hessen. State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen, archived from the original on October 15, 2016 ; accessed on May 30, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
17. ↑ ID 181215409201. In: Database building research / restoration. Baden-Württemberg State Monument Preservation, accessed on May 30, 2018 . 
18. ↑ The oldest half-timbered house in Thuringia was discovered in Erfurt. In: TU Berlin. August 23, 2005. Retrieved May 29, 2018 . 
19. ^ Oldest half-timbered house in Thuringia discovered in Erfurt. In: Archeology online. Retrieved May 29, 2018 . 
20. ^ Limburg-Weilburg, Limburg, Domplatz 5. (No longer available online.) In: Kulturdenkmäler in Hessen. State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen, archived from the original on October 15, 2016 ; accessed on May 30, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
21. ^ Limburg-Weilburg, Limburg, Römer 1. (No longer available online.) In: Kulturdenkmäler in Hessen. State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen, archived from the original on October 15, 2016 ; accessed on May 30, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
22. ↑ ^{a b} Konrad Bedal: List of firmly dated town houses in Bavaria 1250-1500. A small selection (as of 2008). In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria. Retrieved May 29, 2018 . 
23. ↑ ID 331220389236. In: Database building research / restoration. Baden-Württemberg State Monument Preservation, accessed on May 30, 2018 .