List of historians of the 18th and 19th centuries
The list of historians of the 18th and 19th centuries gives examples of those people who have achieved special achievements and / or have become very well known in the overall field of research, presentation and interpretation of history , including archeology , prehistory and early history and auxiliary historical sciences are. There may be overlaps with other subject areas. Persons born after 1669 and before 1870 are included. Historians born in 1870 or later can be found in the list of historians of the 20th and 21st centuries . A person who lived and worked in both the 19th and 20th centuries (research and teaching, publications) can be included in both lists. This list represents a selection and does not claim to be complete. Many other historians have made significant contributions. A more comprehensive overview of historians can be found in the category: Historians .
A.
- Caspar Abel (1676–1763), German historian and dialect poet
- John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton (1834–1902), English historian and journalist
- Herbert Baxter Adams (1850–1901), American historian
- Charles McLean Andrews (1863–1943), American historian (US History)
- Alfred von Arneth (1819–1897), Austrian historian
- Alphonse Aulard (1849–1928), French historian and literary scholar (history of the French Revolution)
B.
- Cesare Balbo (1789-1853), Italian historian, statesman and writer
- George Bancroft (1800-1891), American historian and statesman
- Heinrich Barth (1821–1865), German Africa explorer, archaeologist and founder of African studies
- Adolf Bastian (1826–1905), German ethnologist
- Johann Rudolph Becker (1736–1815), German historian and chronicler
- Karl Julius Beloch (1854–1929), German ancient historian
- Georg von Below (1858–1927), German constitutional and economic historian
- Ernst Bernheim (1850–1942), German historian (methodology, philosophy of history)
- Friedrich von Bezold (1848–1928), German historian (Renaissance, Reformation period)
- Wilhelm von Bippen (1844–1923), biographies, Bremen history
- Philipp August Böckh (1785–1867), German archaeologist and philologist
- Johann Friedrich Böhmer (1795–1863), German historian, archivist and librarian
- Karl Brandi (1868–1946), German historian
- Lujo Brentano (1844–1931), German economist and social reformer (Younger Historical School of Economics)
- Harry Bresslau (1848–1926), German historian and diplomat
- Kurt Breysig (1866–1940), German historian and sociologist (universal history, cultural history)
- Alexander Brückner (1834-1896), German historian (economic history)
- James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce (1838–1922), English historian, lawyer, politician and diplomat
- Henry Thomas Buckle (1821–1862), English historian
- Heinrich von Bünau (1697–1762), German historian (political history)
- Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897), Swiss cultural historian
- Konrad Burdach (1859–1936), German historian and philologist
- John B. Bury (1861–1927), English ancient historian and philologist
- Wilhelm Busch (1861–1929), German historian
C.
- Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881), Scottish historian and essayist
- Johann Martin Chladni (1710–1759), German historian and theologian
- Carl Adolf Cornelius (1819–1903), German historian and politician
- Vincenzo Cuoco (1770–1823), Italian historian
- Ernst Curtius (1814–1896), German ancient historian and classical archaeologist
D.
- Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann (1785–1860), German historian and statesman
- Hans Delbrück (1848–1929), German historian and politician (universal history, military history)
- Heinrich Denifle (1844–1905), Austrian cultural and church historian and archivist
- Carlo Giovanni Maria Denina (1731–1813), Italian historian and philologist
- Anselm Desing (1699–1772), German historian, philosopher and educator
- Johannes Dierauer (1842–1920), Swiss historian
- Wilhelm Dilthey (1833–1911), German history philosopher, psychologist and educator
- Ignaz von Döllinger (1799–1890), German theologian, politician and historian
- Alfons Dopsch (1868–1953), Austrian historian (medievalist) and diplomat
- Johann Gustav Droysen (1808-1884), German historian (antiquity, modern history, methodology)
- Gustav Droysen (1838–1908), German historian (modern history)
- Wilhelm Drumann (1786–1861), German historian (antiquity, social history of antiquity)
- Louis Duchesne (1843–1922), French priest, philologist and historian
- Heinrich Düntzer (1813–1901), German literary historian and classical philologist
- Maximilian Wolfgang Duncker (1811–1886), German historian and politician
- William Archibald Dunning (1857–1922), American historian and political scientist
- Romesh Chunder Dutt (1848–1909), Indian historian and politician
E.
- Georg Moritz Ebers (1837–1898), German Egyptologist and writer
- Diedrich Ehmck (1836–1908), German historian and senator in Bremen
- Karl Friedrich Eichhorn (1781–1854), German lawyer and legal historian (Historical School of Law)
- Josef Egger (historian) , 1839–1903, Tyrolean historian
- Friedrich Engels (1820–1895), German entrepreneur, politician and historian
- Bernhard Erdmannsdörffer (1833–1901), German historian
- Kristian August Erslev (1852–1930), Danish historian (medieval studies, historical methodology, numismatics)
F.
- George Finlay (1799–1875), British historian and philhellene
- Enríque Flórez (1702–1773), Spanish historian and numismatist
- Frobenius Forster (1709–1791), German philosopher, historian and educator
- Friedrich Christoph Förster (1791–1868), German historian and writer
- Emil Friedberg (1837–1910), German lawyer and legal historian
- James Anthony Froude (1818-1894), English historiographer
- Robert Fruin (1823–1899), Dutch historian
- Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges (1830–1889), French historian (ancient, medieval)
G
- Louis Prosper Gachard (1800–1885), Belgian archivist and historian
- Thomas Heinrich Gadebusch (1736–1804), German constitutional lawyer and historian
- Johannes Gallandi (1843–1917), German officer and genealogist
- Johann Georg August Galletti (1750–1828), German historian and geographer
- Samuel Rawson Gardiner (1829–1902), British historian
- Johann Christoph Gatterer (1727–1799), German historian (universal history, historical auxiliary sciences)
- Bruno Gebhardt (1858–1905), German historian
- Mathieu Auguste Geffroy (1820–1895), French historian
- Georg Gottfried Gervinus (1805–1871), German historian and politician
- Pietro Giannone (1676–1748), Italian historian
- Edward Gibbon (1737–1794), British historian and politician
- Otto von Gierke (1841-1921), German lawyer, legal historian and social politician (historical law school of Germanic direction)
- Wilhelm Giesebrecht (1814–1889), German historian
- Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Gogol (1809–1852), Russian writer and historian of Ukrainian origin
- Eberhard Gothein (1853–1923), German economist, cultural and economic historian
- Ferdinand Gregorovius (1821-1891), German writer and historian
- Maximilian Gritzner (1843–1902), German civil servant and historian (heraldry, phaleristics)
- George Grote (1794–1871), English ancient historian
- Hermann Grotefend (1845–1931), German archivist and historian
- Valentin Ferdinand Gudenus (1679–1758), German lawyer and historian
- Jacob Paul von Gundling (1673–1731), German historian
- Nikolaus Hieronymus Gundling (1671–1729), German lawyer, historian and philosopher
H
- Henry Hallam (1777-1859), British historian
- Karl Ludwig Hampe (1869–1936), German historian and Medievalist
- Adolf von Harnack (1851–1930), German theologian, church historian and science organizer
- Ludo Moritz Hartmann (1865–1924), Austrian historian and politician
- Carl Friedrich Haug (1795–1869), German historian and Lutheran theologian in the Kingdom of Württemberg
- Hans Hausrath (1866–1945), German forest scientist and silvicultural historian
- Ludwig Häusser (1818–1867), German historian and politician, Grand Duchy of Baden
- Wilhelm Havemann (1800–1869), German historian
- Arnold Heeren (1760–1842), German historian
- Karl Hegel (1813–1901), German historian
- Karl Theodor von Heigel (1842–1915), German historian
- Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803), German poet, translator, theologian, literary theorist and philosopher of history and culture
- Marquard Herrgott (1694–1762), German Benedictine and historian (historical auxiliary sciences)
- Ludvig Holberg (1684–1754), Scandinavian poet, historian and philosopher
- Ricarda Huch (1864–1947), German poet, philosopher and historian
- Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835), German scientist and statesman
- David Hume (1711–1776), Scottish philosopher, economist and historian
I.
- Isaak Iselin (1728–1782), Swiss philosopher of history and journalist
J
- Philipp Jaffé (1819–1870), German historian, medievalist and philologist
- Robert Jameson (1774-1854), Scottish natural historian, mineralogist and geologist
- Johannes Janssen (1829–1891), German historian
- Ignaz Jastrow (1856–1937), German historian and social politician
- Jean Jaurès (1859–1914), French philosopher, historian and politician
- Hugo Jentsch (1840–1916), German high school teacher, regional historian and researcher of prehistory
- Théodore Simon Jouffroy (1796–1842), French philosopher
K
- Nikolai Michailowitsch Karamsin (1766–1826), Russian writer and historian
- Ignaz Franz Keiblinger (1797–1868), Austrian historian and librarian
- Adolf Kirchhoff (1826–1908), German archaeologist and philologist
- Johann Peter Kirsch (1861–1941), Luxembourg archaeologist, church historian and patrologist
- Gustav Friedrich Klemm (1802–1867), German librarian, cultural historian
- Wassili Ossipowitsch Kljutschewski (1841–1911), Russian historian
- Onno Klopp (1822–1903), German-Austrian publicist and historian
- Adriaan Kluit (1735–1807), Dutch historian and medievalist
- Hermann Köchly (1815–1876), German classical philologist and historian
- He (i) nrich Martin Gottfried Köster (1734–1802), German historian
- Reinhold Koser (1852–1914), German historian and archivist
L.
- Karl Lamprecht (1856–1915), German historian
- Georg Landau (1807–1865), historian from the Electorate of Hesse
- Johann Martin Lappenberg (1794–1865), German historian
- Joachim Lelewel (1786–1861), Polish historian and politician
- Heinrich Leo (1799–1878), German historian and politician
- Karl Richard Lepsius (1810–1884), German Egyptologist, linguist and librarian
- Johann Georg Leuckfeld (1668–1726), German historian, monastery researcher and numismatist
- Mikhail Wassiljewitsch Lomonossow (1711–1765), Russian scientist
- Heinrich Luden (1778–1847), German historian
- Johann Peter von Ludewig (1668–1743), German lawyer and historian
M.
- Jean Mabillon (1632–1707), French Benedictine and historian (historical auxiliary sciences)
- Frederic William Maitland (1850–1906), British historian
- Jakub Josef Dominik Malý (1811–1885), Czech historian, writer and journalist
- Giovanni Domenico Mansi (1692–1769), Italian theologian and historian
- Wilhelm Mantels (1816–1879), German historian, philologist and librarian
- Stanislaus Maronski (1825–1907), Polish historian
- Karl Marx (1818–1883), German philosopher and journalist
- Wilhelm Maurenbrecher (1838-1892), German historian (Reformation history)
- Karl Meichelbeck (1669–1734), German Benedictine, theologian and historian
- Joseph François Michaud (1767–1839), French historian, journalist and member of the Académie française
- Jules Michelet (1798–1874), French historian, archivist and philosopher
- Jacques-Paul Migne (1800–1875), French priest, journalist, publisher and historian
- Justus Möser (1720–1794), German lawyer, statesman, man of letters and historian (social history, national history)
- Theodor Mommsen (1817–1903), German historian and ancient scholar
- Gabriel Monod (1844–1912), French historian
- Theodor von Mörner (1817–1874), German historian and archivist
- Johann Lorenz Mosheim (1694–1755), German church historian
- Albert Muchar (1786–1849), Austrian historian
- Peter Andreas Munch (1810–1863), Norwegian historian
- Ludovico Antonio Muratori (1672–1750), Italian scientist and clergyman
- Georg Ludwig Maurer (1790–1872) legal historian
N
- Mustafa Naima (1655–1716), Ottoman historian
- Friedrich Nicolai (1733–1811), German writer, bookseller, critic and regional historian
- Barthold Georg Niebuhr (1776–1831), German ancient historian
- Carl von Noorden (1833–1883), German historian
O
- Andreas Felix von Oefele (1706–1780), German historian and librarian
- Herbert L. Osgood (1855-1918), American historian
P
- František Palacký (1798–1876), Czech historian and politician
- Juraj Papánek (1738–1802), Slovak clergyman and historian
- Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos (1815-1891), Greek historian
- Francis Parkman (1823-1893), American historian
- Georg Heinrich Pertz (1795–1876), German historian and archivist
- Robert von Pöhlmann (1852–1914), German ancient historian
- August Potthast (1824–1898), German medieval historian and librarian
- Wilhelm Pückert (1830–1897), German historian and university professor
- Alexander Sergejewitsch Pushkin (1799–1837), Russian writer (including the story of Peter the Great)
R.
- Franjo Rački (1828–1894), Croatian theologian, politician and church historian
- Leopold von Ranke (1795–1886), German historian
- Friedrich von Raumer (1781–1873), German historian and politician
- José Manuel Restrepo Vélez (1781–1863), Colombian lawyer, politician and historian
- Alfred von Reumont (1808–1887), German statesman and historian
- Alois Riegl (1858–1905), Austrian art historian
- Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl (1823–1897), German journalist, novelist, folklorist and cultural historian
- Carl Ritter (1779–1859), German geographer and geography historian
- Moriz Ritter (1840–1923), German historian
- William Robertson (1721–1793), Scottish clergyman, church politician and historiographer
- Reinhold Röhricht (1842–1905), German historian (crusades)
- Wilhelm Roscher (1817-1894), German economist (older historical school of economics)
- Karl von Rotteck (1775–1840), German historian and politician
- Wilhelm Rüstow (1821–1878), German writer and military historian
S.
- Adam Sahrmann (* 1885)
- Johan Ernst Welhaven Sars (1835–1917), Norwegian historian and politician
- Friedrich Carl von Savigny (1779–1861), German lawyer (historical law school)
- Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775-1854), German philosopher (philosophy of history)
- Theodor Schiemann (1847–1921), German-Baltic historian (Eastern Europe)
- Friedrich Schiller (1759–1805), German poet, playwright, philosopher and historian
- Friedrich Schlegel (1772–1829), German philosopher, literary historian and translator
- Heinrich Schliemann (1822–1890), German archaeologist (field archeology)
- August Ludwig Schlözer (1735–1809), German historian, philologist, educator and statistician
- Friedrich Christoph Schlosser (1776–1861), German historian (universal history)
- Michael Ignaz Schmidt (1736–1794), German historian
- Gustav von Schmoller (1838-1917), German economist (Younger Historical School of Economics)
- Johann Daniel Schöpflin (1694–1771), German historian (European history, national history, diplomacy)
- Johann Matthias Schröckh (1733–1808), German historian and church historian
- Ignaz Schwarz (1690–1763), German Jesuit, lawyer, theologian and church historian
- John Robert Seeley (1834–1895), British historian
- Johann Salomo Semler (1725–1791), German theologian and (church) historian
- Theodor von Sickel (1826–1908), German-Austrian historian and diplomat
- Henry Simonsfeld (1852–1913), German historian
- Albert Sorel (1842–1906), French writer and historian
- Ludwig Timotheus Spittler (1752-1810), German historian (church history, political history, national history)
- Daniel Stadler (1705–1764), German Jesuit and historian
- Leslie Stephen (1832–1904), British cleric, historian and man of letters
- Gustav Adolf Harald Stenzel (1792–1854), German historian and politician
- Rudolf von Stillfried-Rattonitz (1804–1882), German historian and court official
- Burkhard Gotthelf Struve (1671–1738), German professor of history and constitutional law
- William Stubbs (1825–1901), English bishop and historian
- Samuel Sugenheim (1811–1877), German historian
- Heinrich von Sybel (1817–1895), German historian and politician
T
- Hippolyte Taine (1828-1893), French philosopher, historian and critic
- Augustin Thierry (1795-1856), French historian
- Adolphe Thiers (1797–1877), French journalist, politician and historian
- Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859), French publicist, politician and historian
- Heinrich von Treitschke (1834–1896), German historian, political publicist and member of the Reichstag
V
- Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen (1816–1878), Brazilian diplomat and historian
- Conrad Varrentrapp (1844–1911), German historian and university professor
- Otto Vaupell (1823–1899), Danish colonel and military historian
- Giambattista Vico (1668–1744), Italian philosopher of history and law
- Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), German physician (medical history, archeology, prehistory and early history, ethnology, anthropology)
- Georg Voigt (1827-1891), German historian (Renaissance research)
- Johannes Voigt (1786–1863), German historian
- Voltaire (1694–1778), French philosopher, writer and historian
W.
- Georg Waitz (1813–1886), German legal historian, medievalist and politician
- Hermann Wasserschleben (1812–1893), German legal historian and politician
- Wilhelm Wattenbach (1819–1897), German historian and paleographer
- Franz Xaver von Wegele (1823-1897), German historian
- Julius Weizsäcker (1828–1889), German historian
- Friedrich Wilken (1777–1840), German librarian, historian and orientalist
- Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768), German archaeologist
- Eduard Winkelmann (1838–1896), German historian
- Johann Gottlob Worbs (1760–1833), German theologian and historian
- Stephan Alexander Würdtwein (1719–1796), German church historian and canon lawyer
Z
- Karl Zeumer (1849–1914), German historian (legal and constitutional history of the Middle Ages)
- Johann Wilhelm Zinkeisen (1803–1863), German historian