Nadezhda Sergejewna Alliluyeva

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Nadezhda Alliluyeva ( Russian Надежда Сергеевна Аллилуева ; born September 9 . Jul / 22. September  1901 greg. In Tbilisi ; † 9. November 1932 in Moscow ) was the second wife of Joseph Stalin .

Life

Nadezhda Alliluyeva was the daughter of the old Bolshevik Sergei Alliluyev (1866-1945) and his wife Olga (née Fedorenko). The previous assumption that Olga was the granddaughter of Maria Margaretha Aichholz, of German descent, who is said to have emigrated from Wolfsölden to Elisabethtal near Tbilisi in Georgia in 1816 , was based on assumptions made by Karl Stumpp . However - according to the church book entries in the Stuttgart State Archives - Maria Margaretha Aichholz, b. died on June 26, 1785 in Wolfsölden near Affalterbach, on June 13, 1845 in Wolfsölden. Which meant that Karl Stumpp's assumption remained doubtful.

Recent research has shown a different picture here. Research in the Großbottwar town archive shows that the Aichholz family emigrated from the district in 1804. Johann Gottlieb Aichholz had his sons Johann Georg and Johann Gottlieb with him on his trip. These two can be found in a directory from 1832 on the Elisabethtal colony. Gottlieb had a son Michael, born in Elisabethtal in 1824, it seems to be the father of Magdalena Aichholz, who, according to a paper from 2006 in the Moscow German newspaper , was born in 1824. - the same Magdalena Aichholz, who spoke German, ran a beer tavern and mother of Olga geb. Fedorenko was. Allilujewa used the name Aichholz in her cures in Karlsbad .

Stalin and Sergei Alliluyev knew each other from the Caucasus, where Alliluyev was a railroad worker. Both were members of the RSDLP . Alliluyeva married the much older Stalin in 1919, after she had accompanied him as a secretary to Tsaritsyn , today's Volgograd, and had become pregnant. The witnesses were Abel Jenukidze and Stanislaw Redens . Both later fell out of favor and were killed on Stalin's orders. The son Wassilij (1921–1962) and daughter Svetlana (1926–2011) emerged from the marriage. Alliluyeva also brought Stalin's son from his first marriage, Yakov , to Moscow. The family lived in the Kremlin and in the Subalowo country house that they had confiscated from the Subalov family.

She worked as a secretary in Lenin's office in the People's Commissariat for Nationality Issues and was a member of the editorial board of the party magazine Revolution and Culture and the Pravda newspaper .

In 1921, Alliluyeva was supposed to be expelled from the Communist Party due to a lack of activity . Lenin intervened. Later she began to work as the secretary of Ordzhonikidze , with whose wife Zinaida Gavrilovna she was close friends.

In 1929 she began studying at the Novaya Bassmanaya industrial academy at the synthetic fibers faculty. During this time she introduced her husband to her fellow student Nikita Khrushchev , who remained in Stalin's favor even after her death. In 1930 she went to cure incognito in Karlsbad and Marienbad and visited her brother Pawel in Berlin. There she also consulted a neurologist about a family history of depression .

The course confronted Nadezhda with Soviet reality. Because of the cruel famine , she addressed Abel Jenukidze and her husband in letters that have survived.

After an argument with Stalin, Alliluyeva killed herself in a room in the Kremlin apartment in the early morning hours of the second day after the end of the celebrations for the 15th anniversary of the October Revolution by shooting herself in the chest while lying on the bed. Her brother Pawel had brought the weapon, a Walther PP , for her from Berlin a short time earlier .

Her sister Anna Redens was arrested on Stalin's orders after she announced her intention to write Alliluyeva's memoir, and in 1948 she was sentenced to ten years in the gulag for espionage . After Stalin's death, she was released in 1954. According to her son Leonid, she went insane and died in 1964.

literature

Web links

Commons : Nadezhda Alliluyeva  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Landeskirchliches Archiv Stuttgart, Deanery Marbach am Neckar, Affalterbach, baptismal register 1775–1808 Volume 2, Fig. 18; Register of the dead 1808–1847 Volume 11, Fig. 166
  2. ^ New theory on ancestors of Stalin's daughter ( Memento from February 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Stuttgarter Nachrichten, November 13, 2011
  3. ^ Susanne Dietrich: Württemberg and Russia: History of a relationship, DRW-Verlag 1995/2007, p. 12 ISBN 3871812439
  4. ^ Montefiore (lit.), p. 120
personal data
SURNAME Allilueva, Nadeschda Sergejewna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Надежда Сергеевна Аллилуева (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION second wife of Josef Stalin
DATE OF BIRTH September 22, 1901
PLACE OF BIRTH Tbilisi
DATE OF DEATH November 9, 1932
Place of death Moscow