Nordheim am Main
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Coordinates: 49 ° 52 ' N , 10 ° 11' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Bavaria | |
| Administrative region : | Lower Franconia | |
| County : | Kitzingen | |
| Management Community : | Volkach | |
| Height : | 196 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 5.3 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 1026 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 193 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 97334 | |
| Area code : | 09381 | |
| License plate : | KT | |
| Community key : | 09 6 75 155 | |
| Community structure: | 1 district | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Hauptstrasse 15 97334 Nordheim a.Main |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayoress : | Sibylle Säger ( CSU ) | |
| Location of the municipality of Nordheim a.Main in the district of Kitzingen | ||
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Nordheim am Main (officially: Nordheim a.Main) is a municipality in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen in Bavaria and a member of the Volkach administrative community . Nordheim's history is closely linked to the Münsterschwarzach monastery, which held the manorial rule over the place for a long time. Under the abbots of the monastery, the village rose to become the most important (and at times most populous) monastery property.
With 319 hectares of vineyards (2017), Nordheim is the second largest wine-growing community in the Franconian wine-growing region ; it was even the largest for a long time before the municipal reform in the 1970s. The wine shapes the course of the year in town. In addition to the many wineries that organize wine and winemaking festivals in the summer months, the area around the village is also dominated by vineyards, including the Nordheimer Vögelein location .
The centuries-old cultural landscape with the vine-covered Kreuzberg in the center attracts tourists as well as the buildings of the early modern town center. In addition to the Laurentiuskirche, the tenth courtyard of the monastery stands out in the forms of the Renaissance. A traffic-historical specialty is the Main ferry that runs between Nordheim and the opposite Escherndorf on the Volkacher Mainschleife .
geography
Geographical location
The municipality of Nordheim am Main is located in the northwest of the Kitzingen district in the Bavarian administrative district of Lower Franconia. Nordheim is almost exclusively surrounded by the districts of the city of Volkach and the community of Sommerach , with both of them forming an administrative community. The Dettelbach district of Neuses am Berg im Main borders Nordheim in a small strip of around 250 m in the south-southwest of the district . The place is on the so-called Weininsel in the south of the Volkacher Mainschleife.
The district is delimited on three sides by the Main . In the north, separated by the Main, lies the Volkach district of Vogelsburg , and Astheim begins to the northeast . The Hallburg is on the same side of the Main and the eponymous district of Volkach is in the southeast. The south is occupied by Sommerach, with whom Nordheim shares a large part of the vineyards on the so-called Kreuzberg. The Volkach district of Köhler rises to the southwest on the other side of the Main . Nordheim is connected to Escherndorf in the north-northwest via its ferry .
The next largest city is Volkach, about 3 kilometers away, northeast of Nordheim. The district town of Kitzingen is almost 14 kilometers away. The next big city is Würzburg, about 19 kilometers away .
With an area of 530 hectares, Nordheim am Main is the fourth smallest municipality in the Kitzingen district and, with around 990 inhabitants, has a population density of 187 per square meter. Due to the compact settlement area, it is slightly above the Bavarian average of 176. In terms of population, Nordheim am Main, on the other hand, is the fifth smallest municipality in the district.
Geology, hydrology, soils
Naturally, Nordheim is in the area of the Volkacher Mainschleife, which is counted as a sub-unit of the Middle Main Valley of the Mainfränkische Platten . The east of the district, on the other hand, is part of the Dimbacher drift sand area within the Kitzinger Mainebene in the Steigerwald foreland.
The region is characterized by steep impact slopes and flat sliding slopes , which can be used particularly well for viticulture. This human use has greatly changed the landscape. Nevertheless, the geological past is still clearly visible. The deepening of the Main into its current bed took place mainly in the Pleistocene , the river meanders deepened and gave rise to the two types of slopes. This process continues through erosion . As a result, the rivers cut deeper and deeper into the mountain of the Vogelsburg and, in the future, will create a breakthrough mountain.
Nordheim benefits hydrologically primarily from the clayey and loamy soil admixtures. Their high water absorption capacity enables the plants to absorb moisture, as there is also a very low groundwater level. Through these admixtures, the winter moisture can be maintained into summer and enables the flora to survive even in dry years. The soil conditions around the community are diverse. Upper Muschelkalk , Lettenkeuper , loess loam, sand, heavy clay soils and boggy soils exist.
climate
Nordheim am Main is located in the Maingau climate zone , which is one of the driest and warmest zones in Germany. This is also one of the reasons for growing wine in the region. Climate surveys for Nordheim are carried out in the weather station in Würzburg.
The climate classification of Köppen assigns the municipality to the Cfb category. (Climate zone C: warm-temperate climate, climate type: f: humid-temperate climate, sub-type b: warm summer). There is a 35 mm difference between the driest month and the wettest month. July (the warmest month of the year) is warmer than January (the coldest month of the year) by an average of 18.9 ° C.
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Climate table for Nordheim am Main
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Land use
| use | Hectares |
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| Settlement area | 52 |
| traffic area | 34 |
| Vegetation area | 411 |
| Water surface | 33 |
| total area | 530 |
The municipality of Nordheim am Main covers a total area of 530 hectares , making it the smallest municipality in the administrative community in terms of area . The largest proportion of the area is the vegetation area with 411 ha. 368 ha (77.5%) of this is used for agriculture, with the vineyards making up the largest proportion. Small forest areas in the east of the district take up an area of 5 ha.
The second largest sub-area is the settlement area with 52 hectares and thus 9.8% of the total area, of which only 9 hectares are residential, 3 hectares are industrial and commercial areas. They are distributed decentrally across the municipality, as Nordheim does not have a classic industrial area . Streets, paths and squares take up an area of 34 ha and thus a share of 6.4% of the total area.
With the Main and some smaller bodies of water, there are 33 hectares of water around the place. The agriculturally used area has been decreasing since 2003, this year 488 hectares were still cultivated. In 2010, 18 hectares of it was arable land and therefore not used for viticulture .
Protected areas
There are protected areas of almost all protection categories around Nordheim . The entire district is part of the conservation area, Volkacher Mainschleife, the largest Flussmäanderlandschaft in Bavaria. Along the course of the Main there is part of the Maintal bird sanctuary between Schweinfurt and Dettelbach. In the north, east and west of the village, the Main forms the so-called Mainaue between Grafenrheinfeld and Kitzingen as a fauna and flora habitat .
The two nature reserves that have been designated around Nordheim enjoy special protection : along the county road in the east and on the Main side in the direction of Escherndorf, the Alter Main reserve near Volkach with the aim of preserving the original state of the Main as flowing water and in the west the Main floodplain between Sommerach and Koehler to protect the meadow landscape along the Main.
Local division
In the north of the district, the street village of Nordheim am Main lies parallel to the Main, at the foot of the Kreuzberg , a flat sliding slope towards the river. In contrast to the surrounding villages of Escherndorf and in particular Köhler, the Main does not play such a major role for the village, Nordheim and Escherndorf form an urban unit , especially due to the striking pointed helmets of their churches .
The compact core location opens up to the surroundings on the outskirts. This distinguishes Nordheim from many other, larger villages on the Mainschleife, such as Sommerach and Fahr with historic walls . The central main street parallel to the Main with the Catholic parish church is a dead end , the so-called Langgasse on the historic outskirts serves as a thoroughfare.
Until the 1980s, few residential areas had been outsourced to the Feldmark ; the newer built-up areas are closely grouped around the town center. On the northern outskirts of the village, the wine festival park with a skate area was built, next to it are the sports facilities of the village. There is the former training area of the Mainfranken barracks in the southeast with a quarry pond with Main inflow for pioneer exercises, the facilities are today (2018) without use.
At the eastern exit of the village is the new cemetery , around the parish church in the village there are still some grave sites. The large courtyards of the wineries dominate the town center. The south is dominated by the vine-covered slopes of the 287 m high Kreuzberg with a viewing platform . Along the access road in the far east there are small forest areas and in the west in the direction of Koehler there are several fruit tree fields, on the south-eastern edge of the village is the sewage treatment plant . The so-called Nordheim pit joins them in the direction of the Main. It is a renatured and filled gravel pit, which today juts out like an oxbow lake towards the village.
history
Prehistory and early history (up to 918)
Few archaeological finds from prehistoric times have been made around the Nordheim settlement . In the surrounding area, the Vogelsburg was an early center of human settlement. The mountain in the center of the Main loop was already permanently inhabited in the Paleolithic . In the Bronze Age , around 1500 BC BC, the residents built fortifications there, which were further strengthened in later centuries.
East of Nordheim am Main was built around 800 BC. A settlement of people of the Hallstatt culture , who already used iron for the production of tools and weapons. Later the place was settled by Latène people . Both cultures left archaeological artifacts that have been excavated. So it can be concluded that this part of the place was at least temporarily permanently inhabited during the Iron Age .
The Vogelsburg , however, remained continuously inhabited. In Escherndorf, opposite Nordheim, Celtic graves have been excavated. At this point in time, the Celts were sitting on the Vogelsburg and burying their dead in the valley. They were ousted by the Thuringians over the centuries . In the 5th century AD, the Thuringian tribes were followed by the Franks , who pushed forward to the Mainschleife and set up state-like administrative structures there for the first time. They also introduced Christianity.
In the course of the Franconian state expansion, the place Nordheim was probably founded in the 6th or 7th century. At the same time one of the Franconian Urgaue , the Volkfeld , was formed in the area . One of the few main crossings was in Nordheim. At that time Escherndorf was probably in the district of Nordheim and ensured that the Mainfurt was secured in the north . In the 7th or 8th century, wine also came to Nordheim and today's cultural landscape was created.
Changing rulers (until 1326)
Nordheim am Main was first mentioned in a document as "Northeim" in a diploma from King Konrad I. On April 21, 918 he confirmed the donation of several vineyards in Düllstadt , Stadelschwarzach and Wiesentheid to the Münsterschwarzach monastery. Two vineyards had come to the abbey in Nordheim. The actual donation was made by the Schwarzach Commendatary Abbot Dracholf . The older literature assumes, however, that they came to Münsterschwarzach as early as 816 or 892.
At that time, the Würzburg bishops were also closely associated with the village. So the donation of Dracholf was also bishop Rudolf I associated with. In 1074, Nordheim reappeared in the sources. Bishop Adalbero von Würzburg consecrated a St. Michael's Chapel in the village and gave two more vineyards to the monastery. This consecration is the first reference to a Christian community, which at this early point in time was perhaps a branch of the original parish church in Gerlachshausen .
In the 12th and 13th centuries, the bailiwick of Nordheim was held by the Counts of Castell , who, in the shadow of the great prince-bishops, gained some power on the Main loop. After a lost feud, Count Rupert I had to sign a treaty in 1230 that limited his power in favor of the bishops. Prince-Bishop Otto I. von Lobdeburg acquired the Vogtei over Nordheim and gave it back to the counts as a fief.
The son of Rupert zu Castell, also with the name Rupert , gave the bailiwick to the Münsterschwarzach monastery , which was closely related to his family. Abbot Sifrid tried to consolidate the rule of his abbey over Nordheim in 1290. He acquired the bailiwicks over the villages of Stadelschwarzach, Reupelsdorf and Nordheim from Count Friedrich II zu Castell-Unterschloss .
The Münsterschwarzach monks were again upgraded by a contract dated June 23, 1306. Bishop Andreas von Würzburg assigned the monastery the "advocatia (...) cum omnibus appendiciis" (supervision with all additions) for the villages Dimbach , Reupelsdorf, Sommerach and Nordheim . With the confirmation of these privileges by Bishop Wolfram on October 27, 1326, the monastery had finally determined its sphere of influence. From then on it ruled Nordheim for almost 500 years.
The Münsterschwarzach Monastery (until 1618)
The following centuries were shaped by the consolidation of the monastic influence in Nordheim . At the same time, the monks promoted viticulture, which already had a centuries-old tradition on the slopes around Nordheim. Nordheim soon rose to become the most important monastery village because wine was grown there for trade fairs and export . The population was taxed higher than that in pure arable farming areas.
The property consolidation of the abbey in the village was promoted under Abbot Michael at the end of the 15th century. In 1499 he bought some after- fiefs for his monastery from Konrad Zerrn from Nordheim . A year later, in 1500, the monastery chief reaffirmed the rule of the monastery in a document. The abbot was the sole bailiff and landlord and, as the supreme court lord, was also responsible for the so-called high courts in Nordheim.
Münsterschwarzach received new ownership in 1515 and 1520, when Abbot Georg Wolfsbach bought other goods in the village from other feudal men of the bishopric. The Fuchs, the Zollner von der Hallburg , the Seinsheim , the Wenkheim and the Echter von Mespelbrunn in Nordheim owned property until the 16th century . Around 1502, some of Sigmund von Seinsheim's goods came to the Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach . The native of Nordheim abbot Johannes III. was able to buy the so-called Steinhof from the Fuchs von Dornheim family in 1535.
When more and more subjects of the abbot of Münsterschwarzach lived in the village after purchases in 1549, Abbot Nikolaus III. permission to build a community mill. The Nordheimer Mühle did not last long, however. Abbot Johannes IV. Burckhardt developed brisk building activity . He first issued a new ferry regulation in 1575 and began to build the so-called Söldenhäuslein in 1583, which later became the Zehnthof . In 1598 he raised Nordheim to an independent parish.
Conflicts of Faith (until 1648)
The church became a parish church at a time when the Reformation triggered by Martin Luther was also on the advance in Nordheim. The Margrave of Ansbach had several subjects in Nordheim, who now accepted the confession of their master. At the same time, the abbots of Münsterschwarzach began to take action against the local Jews. In 1603 Johannes V. Krug issued the so-called Jewish mandate, which drove the minority out of Nordheim ( see also Sommeracher Judenstreit ). The Jews turned to the margrave, whereupon the abbot had to pay them off.
Despite these upheavals in the population structure, Nordheim continued to gain importance at the beginning of the 17th century. The reason for this was the viticulture, which made the place the most important property of the Münsterschwarzach Abbey. During these years the construction of the magnificent Zehnthof began, which can be seen as the most obvious example of the wealth of the place. The north wing of the large building was completed by 1618 .
The Thirty Years' War began in Nordheim with the invasion of the Swedes in 1631. They sent a Lutheran preacher to the congregation to induce the population to change their denomination. The monks left the Münsterschwarzach Abbey, Abbot Johannes Kassian fled to Tyrol . The monastery was administered by Weimar officials, who plundered everything in the towns to finance the ongoing war.
In 1634 the abbot sent the secretary Martin Meinich to Mainfranken from his exile . He reported that everything in Nordheim had been destroyed and only 35 residents were still living in the village. In 1636, of the original 900 acres of vineyards, only 200 were cultivated. As recently as 1641, the abbey, which has since been repopulated by monks, received no income from its monastery village. Local pastor Speth, however, managed to bring the Nordheim residents back to the Catholic Church. He was elected abbot of Münsterschwarzach in 1641 .
Until secularization (until 1803)
After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, slow reconstruction began in Nordheim. Abbot Remigius Winckel settled refugees from other places in the abandoned apartments of the Nordheimers and renewed the village regulations. In addition to the destruction of the war, a prolonged cold spell, the so-called Little Ice Age , caused a decline in viticulture, from which Nordheim only recovered in the second half of the 17th century.
On March 26, 1688, Cellerar Bonifatius Zöller from Münsterschwarzach laid the foundation stone for the south wing of the Zehnthof. The topping-out ceremony was celebrated on September 1st . In 1694 the building had to be expanded and Abbot Augustin Voit had the cellars deepened for wine storage. In the 18th century, monastic viticulture was further expanded and large quantities of wine were stored in Nordheim.
The abbey succeeded in suppressing the influence of the Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach in the village. After an exchange of goods in 1743, only the monastery and the monastery of Würzburg had subjects in Nordheim, who were represented by two mayors. The village rulers renewed the driving rules and had new village rules created, which was completed in 1761 and was intended to regulate the coexistence of people.
In Bavaria (until today)
In 1803 the medieval and early modern social order ended abruptly. With the secularization of church ownership initiated by Napoleon , the Würzburg Monastery and the Münsterschwarzach Abbey, which had determined the fate of the village for centuries, were dissolved. Nordheim came to the enlarged Electorate of Palatinate Bavaria . In 1806 the place was added to the newly formed Grand Duchy of Würzburg . In 1814 Nordheim finally joined Bavaria, which had meanwhile become a kingdom.
The Nordheim winemakers no longer had to pay taxes to any village lord, but worked the vineyards on their own account. However, this was associated with problems because worse locations had also been developed in the 18th century . In addition, the triumphal march of beer began in Main Franconia and the expertise of the monks with wine-growing experience was missing. In the second half of the 19th century, downy mildew and phylloxera further damaged viticulture .
After the smallest area had been cultivated with 80 hectares of vineyards around 1887, viticulture recovered until the 1940s and the cultivation area again took up 164 hectares. Several men from Nordheim died in the First World War . In 1919 the local ferry received a so-called high rope and better connected the town in the north to the newly built Mainschleifenbahn and its Escherndorf stop.
During the Second World War , Nordheim was spared from fighting for a long time. Many male Nordheimers served as soldiers, and several died on the battlefields in Europe. In 1945 the Main ferry was sunk as the Americans marched. Therefore, on April 7, 1945, they built a ship bridge over the Main. On the same day, the Kreuzberg was the target of grenade fire from the Vogelsburg until Nordheim was finally occupied. It then served as the starting point for the invasion of Sommerach and Volkach.
After the war the ferry was set up again. In order to develop the river as a major shipping route, it was planned to bridge the Main Loop with a shipping tunnel near Escherndorf and Nordheim. Finally, the canal was built between Volkach and Gerlachshausen, so that Nordheim is now on the so-called Altmain. The Weininsel with Nordheim and Sommerach was created through the construction of the canal .
In 1978 Nordheim joined the Volkach administrative community. In the course of building a barracks near Volkach, NATO planned to set up a large training area on the Altmain in Nordheim. The Nordheim winemakers feared the loss of their near-natural banks of the Main and wanted to file a constitutional complaint. Finally, the site was created in a smaller version. The construction of a bridge was abandoned after the protests.
Place name
The place name Nordheim probably goes back to the Frankish colonization period in the 6th and 7th centuries. At that time, places with the ending -heim, from old high German heima (apartment), came into fashion, and they were often the seat of local nobles. At the same time, the surrounding places were named with this ending after their orientation to the nearest center. The settlement was possibly aligned in the direction of the Franconian royal court Prosselsheim to the south . The early alignment towards Münsterschwarzach is less likely .
The first documentary mention is "Northeim", but the place name remained subject to changes in the Middle Ages and in the early modern period. The name Ornheim is controversial and was probably only able to establish itself for some time because of a transcription error. In a document from 1603, the place "Northeimb" was given the name "am Main" for the first time because of several communities of the same name in Bavaria.
The residents of the neighboring towns give the people of Nordheim so-called necknames . The term Weinspucker (or Main Franconian Weinspucker) often appears . This is due to the main occupation of the residents and at the same time judges the disrespectful use of the drink. The Sommeracher, on the other hand, call the neighbors Goschen (or Gouschn, i.e. mouth) and thereby allude to the many diphthongs in the Nordheim dialect .
Administration and courts
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The following administrative units were superordinate to Nordheim.
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Nordheim was judicially subject to the following instances.
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Population development
Due to the viticulture in the early modern period, Nordheim was the most populous village in the area of the Münsterschwarzach monastery. The Thirty Years War decimated the population , so that in 1698 only 131 people lived in the village. At that time, the majority of the residents were subordinate to the monastery, and three families were subjects directly to the Würzburg prince-bishop . After all, 16 were subordinate to the Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach.
With the transition to Bavaria , the population figures were handed down more regularly. In 1814 Nordheim was the third largest municipality in the Volkach District Court (after Volkach and Sommerach) and had almost 1,000 inhabitants. Catholics lived almost exclusively in the village. In the following decades, Nordheim grew slowly but steadily, so that in 1861 with 1106 inhabitants the highest number of inhabitants was measured to date, whereby Sommerach was also overtaken in the 19th century.
In the period that followed, the decline in viticulture was also noticeable in the population. In 1910, Nordheim only had 902 inhabitants . This development continued until the 1960s when only 891 people lived in the village. Only shortly after the Second World War did the number of residents increase for a few years due to displaced persons . The resurgence of viticulture attracted more people to Nordheim from 1970 onwards. Today around 1000 people live in the village.
| year | Residents | year | Residents | year | Residents |
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| 1698 | 131 | 1890 | 1057 | 1973 | 947 |
| 1814 | 917 | 1900 | 940 | 1987 | 956 |
| 1840 | 1056 | 1910 | 902 | 2012 | 1000 |
| 1855 | 1072 | 1925 | 946 | 2013 | 992 |
| 1861 | 1105 | 1939 | 908 | 2014 | 994 |
| 1867 | 1066 | 1950 | 1076 | 2015 | 993 |
| 1880 | 1060 | 1961 | 891 | 2017 | 993 |
politics
Elections and Mayors
Similar to the surrounding villages, during the Middle Ages and early modern times in Nordheim there were predominantly dependent subjects who were subordinate to a master. The gentlemen (at times three) appointed mayors to represent them to the population. The Schultheiße issued village regulations, in which the coexistence in the village was regulated. Among other things, the professions in Nordheim were organized in the regulations. In 1589 Leonhard Albert is proven as mayor of the Münsterschwarzach monastery.
Representatives of the community were also represented at the high court of the monastery, which sometimes met in the village itself. A total of two representatives of the council were sent to the court from Nordheim. The council assisted the mayors who were recruited from the population. The election modalities of the mayor have not been handed down, either the residents elected him directly or gave the council the right to vote. However, the mayors had no rights vis-à-vis the authorities .
| List of mayors of Nordheim am Main (selection) | |||||||
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| Surname | Mentioned | Remarks | |||||
| Hieronymus Förster | 1688 | until July 1688, blind | |||||
| Johann Georg Schleicher | 1688 | from 1688 | |||||
| Valentin Sauer | around 1870 | between 1870 and 1875 member of the Bavarian Parliament | |||||
| Theo Zang | 1963-1982 | * February 12, 1921 in Nordheim am Main, winemaker, also district councilor in the Kitzingen district; † February 3, 2008 in Astheim | |||||
| Roman Christ | 1982-2002 | Free voters | |||||
| Guido Braun | 2002-2020 | Nordheimer list | |||||
| Sibylle Säger | since 2020 | CSU | |||||
Since the middle of the 19th century, the municipal councils have been elected by a large part of the population. Today the local council of Nordheim consists of a total of eleven councilors , the mayor and his deputy. From 2002 to 2014 four groups were represented at the council table, the strongest parliamentary group being the Free Voters. Then there was the CSU, the “Nordheimer List” and “Aktiv für Nordheim”. In the local elections in 2014, the list “Aktiv für Nordheim” no longer entered. In the 2020 mayoral election on March 15, the CSU achieved a first victory. Sibylle Säger, candidate of the Christian Socials, surprisingly won with 51.6% of the valid votes against the incumbent Guido Braun (Nordheimer list), who headed the community for 18 years. The CSU has been the strongest parliamentary group in the committee since 2020, and the Free Voters and the “Nordheimer List” are still represented.
In the past, the people of Nordheim predominantly voted for the CSU in state elections. In 1986 the CSU received 90.8% of the vote. In 2013 it was still 69.8%. Most of the voters went to the Free Voters of Bavaria, who received 10.2% in 2013. In the federal elections , the FDP ( 2017 : 10.8%) was mostly the second strongest force after the CSU (2017: 57.9%). The traditionally high voter turnout of Nordheimers only drops sharply in European elections ; in 2014, only 54.3% of those eligible to vote also voted.
Partnerships
- Nordheim am Main has had a municipal partnership with Nordheim in the Bas-Rhin department (until 2015 Alsace ) since 1993 . In addition to the name, the two communities are linked by centuries of winemaking tradition.
coat of arms
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Blazon : "" Split by blue and silver; in front a vertical silver grate, behind a red palm branch "." |
| Justification for the coat of arms: The rust and palm branch that was added to it were taken from a court seal from the 18th century showing Saint Laurentius in the coat of arms of the community. The local church is consecrated to St. Lawrence. The colors silver and blue from its coat of arms indicate the Münsterschwarzach monastery , which acquired bailiwick rights in 1306 and ruled the community until 1803. The Bavarian Ministry of the Interior awarded the coat of arms on November 4, 1970. |
Culture and sights
Architectural monuments
Ensemble Hauptstrasse
The old town center is run as an ensemble because of its historical cohesion . The place, which formerly belonged to the Schwarzach Abbey, is of Franconian origin, but, as the regular floor plan suggests, it did not appear to have undergone its final expansion until the High and Late Middle Ages . The main street, which does not coincide with a thoroughfare and ends blindly at both ends, is designed as a moderately wide street market . The ensemble includes the eastern section and the square-like extension in front of the church district.
The street is accompanied on both sides by wineries, whose residential buildings are mostly on the eaves . Two of the few gabled houses have half-timbered facades. Most of the development has been renewed, but some 18th century houses determine the scale. The church district is separated from the main street by a group of buildings, in which the town hall is also located. The parish church in the walled churchyard, however, directly accentuates the square-like extension in front of it.
Laurentiuskirche
For a long time the village of Nordheim did not have its own church. It was not until 1540 that the construction of a church dedicated to St. Laurence began . On July 29, 1598, Nordheim was granted its own pastorate. This renewed revaluation was forced by the Würzburg prince-bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn in order to promote the Counter-Reformation in his area. By 1737, the Laurentiuskirche was extensively renovated in the Baroque style.
The church takes up the forms of the late Gothic . The so-called real pointed helmet from the beginning of the 17th century is octagonal and crowns the tower. The choir continues under him . A gable roof closes the nave. The nave is equipped with a flat ceiling that runs around a cornice. The ceiling contains several frescoes in round and shamrock shapes. The choir has a rib cross vault.
The oldest furnishing elements are two figures of Saints Wolfgang and Urban from the 16th century. The figure of St. Urban received special veneration in the past. A Pietà dates from 1510. The church has three altars. The high altar with six columns, made around 1720, fills the rear wall of the choir. Overall, baroque elements predominate . There is a small, walled cemetery around the church. On the south wall to the outside provided a Mount of Olives on. There are more figures in the churchyard.
Zehnthof and Zehnthof chapel
The most magnificent building in the Nordheimer Altort is the so-called Zehnthof . It is located in the south-western part of the village between Hauptstrasse and Langgasse. Today the Zehnthof with its chapel is one of the last remnants of the art of the Benedictine monastery Münsterschwarzach from the 18th century. The older north wing was built at the beginning of the 17th century, the south wing was added by an extension in 1688.
The Zehnthof is assigned to the Renaissance . Two- and three-storey buildings form a three-wing complex. On its west side it is walled, so that an inner courtyard was created. Several gables with rich decoration structure the building. Above the gate of the north wing there is the coat of arms of the builder, Abbot Johannes Martin . On the right side of the building is the polygonal bay window with decorative panels and a dome.
The chapel was rebuilt in 1755 under the abbot of the Münsterschwarzach monastery, Christoph Balbus. The paintings inside were created by Andreas Dahlweiner. In 2008, begun in 2005, thorough renovation was awarded the Prize of the governmental district supports Lower Franconia. The main painting is dedicated to the "Trinity", the "Four Seasons" are the theme in the vaults. The chapel is now profaned and is used as the ballroom for the Nordheim winegrowers' cooperative Divino.
Private houses and yards
In the center of Nordheim several houses have been preserved, which are classified as architectural monuments. In Langgasse 23, for example, there is a winegrower's farm from around 1600. The house is two-story and ends with a gable roof. The stepped gables typical of the late Gothic were installed on the street side . The former town hall of the community at Kirchplatz 2 is designed in a very similar way . It has two stepped gables and its window frames are drilled . Both buildings were made entirely of stone, which speaks for the high wealth of the community.
The half-timbered gables so characteristic of Franconian towns, on the other hand, have two other houses from the 17th century. At Hauptstrasse 24 there is a house with a half-hip roof . It has a half-timbered upper floor and drilled window frames. The house at Langgasse 57 also has an upper floor with half-timbering, but ends with a gable roof. An old bakery has been preserved in the property . A half-timbered gable on the house at Hauptstraße 11 cantilevers forward and comes from the turn of the 18th century.
In the 18th century, with the heyday of viticulture, splendid wineries and inns emerged in Nordheim . The two-storey building at Langgasse 31 is particularly splendid. It was built by the Knoblach family around 1727, whose coat of arms (a variant, see sons and daughters of the village) towers over the courtyard entrance. In addition to the typical design as a hipped roof building with drilled windows, so-called house figures , here Anna herself and St. Joseph, were placed in niches on the upper floor.
The duplex at Hauptstrasse 28, 30 also goes back to the Knoblach family. Both parts of the house are also two-storey and are crowned by a mansard roof. Both houses are much simpler than the courtyard from 1727, but the so-called Nordheim Madonna was added as a house figure . Following the example of the Knoblach houses, another winery was built at Volkacher Straße 6. The builders built a four-wing complex with corner pilasters and a group of figures.
The inn at Hauptstrasse 18 also seems to be oriented towards the representative wineries. Like the goods, it is two-storey and has corner pilasters. In addition, a smaller dwelling was added . Another 18th century house is located at Pfarrgasse 2. Instead of house figures, the building is structured by a large Maria Immaculata above the portal . The eaves side house at Hauptstrasse 27, on the other hand, is much simpler. It was built in 1798.
The decline of viticulture began in the 19th century, which is why the courtyard buildings in Nordheim were much less representative. Between the 18th and 19th centuries, a residential building was built at Volkacher Strasse 1. It is on the ground floor and its windows only have partially drilled frames. At Pfarrgasse 1 there is a courtyard from the first half of the 19th century. It is two-story, the upper floor consists of plastered half-timbering. The cross-chapel in the vineyards goes back to a private foundation.
Wayside shrines and small memorials
Several wayside shrines and small memorials are typical of the Nordheim townscape . They were set up by private donors in the village and on paths and were used for private devotion or to commemorate special events. However, the number of these tortures is steadily decreasing through decay. The oldest small monument in Nordheim, however, is the so-called Nordheim Madonna . It probably came from Würzburg in the 17th century to its current location at the listed building at Hauptstrasse 30. The Madonna was probably created by a French artist for Bishop Albrecht von Hohenlohe .
In the 17th century, the mayor from Nordheim and another resident donated the so-called baroque shrine on the southwestern edge of the town. The crucifixion of Christ is depicted above a round, twisted column shaft decorated with vine leaves . The side surfaces are formed by reliefs of Saints Kilian and John the Baptist. The wayside shrine may have served as a model for a similar piece from 1720 at the northeast entrance to the village. However, it shows the Fourteen Holy Helpers (front) and a Coronation of the Virgin Mary in his essay. → see also: Baroque picture stick (Nordheim am Main) and Vierzehnheiligen picture stick (Nordheim am Main)
One year before the fourteen-saints shrine, another torture arose in 1719 on the way to Hallburg , the so-called gouged torture. It goes back to a promise and presents itself as a so-called altar picture stick. A rectangular, raised plinth forms the base, above which are four smaller pillars, also entwined with grapevines. They carry a stone canopy on which a cruiser was originally attached. → see also: Ausgestochene Marter (Nordheim am Main)
Overall, the majority of the Nordheim wayside shrine goes back to the 18th century. In addition to the classic forms, it was at this point that new forms of design began to be tried out. The Trinity shrine dates back to 1722. Instead of a simple essay, it has a three-dimensional representation of the Trinity . Around 1750 a large cross tug was built, the Christ carrying the cross, in the so-called Mittelweg of the Kreuzberg. As early as 1730, a Pietà was set up in the new cemetery. → see also: Dreifaltigkeitsmarter (Nordheim am Main)
In the wayside shrine foundations, the wealthy Knoblach family of hackers from Nordheim once again stood out. The Marian column in front of the Laurentius Church, which today forms the center of the village, goes back to them. The column was built in 1778. The column is surrounded by a wide, curved balustrade . The monument is crowned by a double Maria, who looks out on both sides of the market square. She is represented as the queen of heaven . → see also: Mariensäule (Nordheim am Main)
Interior of the Laurentiuskirche
Tithe courtyard of the Münsterschwarzach Abbey
Frescoes in the Zehnthof chapel
House in Pfarrgasse 2
Kreuzkapelle in the vineyards
Exposed torture on Hallburgweg
Pietà in the cemetery
Soil monuments
See: List of ground monuments in Nordheim am Main
More Attractions
In addition to the historical buildings, the Main ferry between Nordheim am Main and Escherndorf is a magnet for tourists and part of the Nordheim townscape . A trip by ferry is also advertised as a rare tourist experience (“the only opportunity to cross the Main that the Weininsel offers”). At the same time, those commuting to Escherndorf-Prosselsheim- Würzburg also use the ferry every day.
There has been an educational wine trail in Nordheim since the 1990s . It still runs today above the village at the foot of the Kreuzberg. Initially, there were 23 signs informing visitors about the most common red and white wine varieties and their growing conditions. In the 21st century, the wine variety nature trail was grouped into eight stations. Visitors are informed about the basic conditions of viticulture and gain insights into the history of viticulture on the Mainschleife.
The first Friedweinberg in Germany has existed in Nordheim since 2018. In 1996, places to the south-east of the village were made available for a resting place and the extension of the cemetery . Mayor Guido Braun then initiated the conversion of the vineyards located here into a resting place for the deceased. The wine culture also shaped the new building of the DIVINO cooperative opposite the Zehnthof. With the modern glass surfaces it forms a contrast to the Renaissance building.
Regular events
Several regular events shape the course of the year in Nordheim am Main. Church traditions and viticulture in particular determine the annual rhythm. On May 1st, the villagers set up a birch tree as a maypole in the center of the village. On the second weekend in May, the Nordheim Wine Festival takes place on Lindenplatz on the banks of the Main. In addition, so-called Hofschoppenfeste take place in the town's large wineries in the summer and autumn weeks.
Since 2009 the so-called Skate`n´Rock ConFest has taken place in Nordheim once a year in August. In addition to skateboarding competitions, the wine festival stage is used for concerts, especially by punk , rock and indie bands . Since the non-profit Skate`n´Rock eV was founded in 2015, several smaller events related to skateboarding have taken place over the course of the year. In 2016 the club was able to set up its own skate hall in Nordheim. The construction of further ramps is planned.
In the anniversary year 2018, the community organized a world record attempt . A total of 1172 different wines were served at the largest wine tasting in the world. The record was recognized by the record institute for Germany.
Say
The wild army
Similar to the neighboring villages of Feuerbach and Kleinlangheim, there are also legends in Nordheim about the Wild Army, which is said to ride with the storm wind between Christmas and Epiphany.
One night in December the ferryman from Nordheim was awakened by a call from the other bank. The ferryman had slept and scolded: “I'm sure I'm going to have to go to sleep for a scoundrel; that could have hindered it at Tog ”( vfm. Now I would like to know what a rascal that is; he could have come home during the day).
The ferryman crossed the ferry, but saw no one there. The ferry bridge began to fill with terrible noises and even the pounding of horses. The man saw with horror that the ferry began to sink and he screamed. Then the patter stopped. On the Nordheimer Ufer, the roar repeated itself when unloading without anyone being visible. After everything seemed to be unloaded, a voice said: "Here is the ferry money" and the ferryman discovered a branded horseshoe on the bridgehead .
Another story is also about the Wild Army. A long time ago a married couple lived in Nordheim and after a long time they finally had a son. The father wanted to celebrate the baptism in a big way and therefore moved to Sommerach with a barrel ; there he wanted to buy cat's head wine. When he had reached the Geisberg corridor in the vineyard , he heard the wild army approaching. He quickly hid in a nearby ditch, but had to leave his barrel with the wine behind. The Wild Army passed without paying attention to the barrel . The last of the train saw it, however, raised it to his mouth and emptied it completely. The man with the empty barrel went back to Nordheim in mourning. But when he unloaded it, it was full again. The baptism came and the many guests drank from the wine, but the barrel did not empty. The man chatted drunk from his encounter with the Wild Army and then the wine in the barrel dried up .
The coin pit
A Nordheim winemaker worked in the vineyard all day. When a thunderstorm approached, the man began to gather up his work supplies and return home. He noticed a large number of toads on a pile of stones . The winemaker wanted to scare his wife and packed up some of the animals. When he was about to unpack them at home, gold ducats rolled out. As a result, the vineyard was renamed “Coin Pit”.
The sun host
In Nordheim, legends were also told about the Junker Hahla (also Knight Harlachan) who, as a raw man, received the Hallburg and the hand of the beautiful Roselinde. He killed his wife because he suspected she was not faithful to him and judged himself when he saw the truth. He is said to be a headless ghost .
The host of the Gasthaus zur Sonne in Nordheim wanted to buy straw in nearby Reupelsdorf . As he followed the long way towards the Hallburg, a heavy storm suddenly hit and the landlord had to hide quickly. He found a hollowed out tree stump on the roadside and climbed into it. The thunderstorm began and the landlord was glad not to have to get wet when he heard the clatter of horses coming from the Hallburg in his direction. It was the spirit of the Junkers Hahla who came zugeritten without head on the tree where the sun persevered host. The Junker had tied a corpse to the front of his horse. He wanted to move the corpse into the hollow tree, but had problems because the landlord was already in it and said to himself: "(...) The sun host from Nordheim will also come in!" Junker Hahla wanted to watch the landlord on his way and him kill.
The landlord pressed himself into the farthest corner of his hiding place and shared the stump with the corpse of the previously killed. As the Junker rode away, the sun host breathed a sigh of relief. He waited until nothing was to be seen of him, pushed the corpse aside and got out of his hiding place. Now he hurried to get to Reupelsdorf. His hair had suddenly turned white from the terrible experience.
The devil
One night a vintner was haunted during the night by a stranger whose face was wrapped in a white coat and who was danced around by blue flames. The stranger said: “I am the prince of shadows, the lord of the dark forces! If you come to the cellar tomorrow at midnight during mass , you should have a great treasure . ”The winemaker, full of fear, refused the offer and the devil disappeared. Another man was now sleeping in the hut next door. The devil appeared to him too and repeated his offer. This time it was accepted and the man sat in his house during mass. When he went into the basement, all the lights went out and the devil reappeared. He tied his offer, the gold, to the condition that the man must overwrite his soul . The man did so and from then on lived in wealth. People suspected that the devil was making him money.
The hidden treasure
One autumn night there was a knock on the door of house number 8. The master of the house opened the door in surprise and saw the shepherd of the village Koehler standing outside. He said: “There are two cellars in your house, one large and one small. In the right corner of the great cellar lies a treasure; You can have it if you dig for it at midnight in Advent . I'll come and dig up the treasure with you! ”At first the winemaker didn't believe the story. In December there was another knock on the front door. The vintner opened the door, saw the shepherd von Köhler and remembered the story with the treasure. Startled, he slammed the door again. There was another knock, but everyone in the house left the door locked. During the night the winemaker dreamed of a large box in his cellar that was guarded by a white woman. The treasure chest is said to still be in the cellar today .
Witch stories
Several legends refer to the superstition of witches. In particular, the transformation skills of the supposed witches were highlighted in the stories. A bridal couple who met every evening for a walk through the village was often followed by a gray cat. At some point the young people noticed and the guy became suspicious. He threw a stone at the animal and wanted to scare the cat away. Instead of hitting the cat, however, the stone flew back and injured the man's ankle .
A black cat was up to mischief in Nordheim and repeatedly stole sausage and meat from the residents' kitchens. One day the animal was caught. She was put in a sack, beaten, and then buried alive in a garden. The next day the sack lay next to the empty pit. However, one man said his wife was injured and had bruises and red spots all over her body . The cat was never seen again.
A young girl from Nordheim received a bouquet of flowers from her neighbor and happily returned home to her parents. The next day, however, the child was infested with lice . After everything had been tried to get rid of the parasites, a wandering broom-maker came into the village. He put three lice in the tube of a quill pen and hung the pen on a tree with a string. The neighbor suddenly ran out of her house and cut off the quill. It had a red stripe on its neck. The lice disappeared immediately.
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
Viticulture
Nordheim has always been shaped by viticulture in the past. Even today it is the main source of income for many residents. Before the municipal reform, the vineyard area around the village was the largest in the entire Franconian wine-growing region and is still in second place today, after Volkach, whose values are distorted by several incorporations , with 319 hectares of cultivated area (2017). The many vineyards around the village were combined in 1971 to form the two individual locations Kreuzberg and Vögelein.
Historically, Nordheim was for a long time the most important place in the area of influence of the Münsterschwarzach Abbey because of its viticulture. In 1509 she introduced the so-called Nordheim Wine Regulations, which regulated what behavior in the vineyard was appropriate. The monks used Nordheimer wine for the liturgy , as alms for the poor, to pay pastors and exported it to other areas. The wine for sale had to be particularly storable, which is why a sophisticated storage system was established early on. The largest wine cellar in the abbey was built piece by piece below the representative Zehnthof. At times there were 24 barrels here.
The winegrowers were heavily dependent on the climate, so that the village was at times very rich or suffered from great poverty. The special microclimate on the Kreuzberg brought a good yield even in cooler years. After very good wine years in the 18th century, however, after the dissolution of the monastery in 1803, the early modern wine industry collapsed. The monastery ceased to be a sales market , and at the same time cheaper beer began its triumphal march on the Mainschleife.
In 1830 118 hectares were cultivated, in 1887 there were only 80 hectares around the village. Initially, attempts were made to promote fruit growing through legal measures, but the residents rejected this conversion of the corridors . The Nordheim wine industry only recovered after the Second World War, also because (cultural) tourism was now being promoted. In 1976 there were 350 hectares of vineyards around Nordheim; In the following years, the area began to be reduced in favor of quality.
In the 1980s there were still over 200 wine-growing businesses in the village. In 2010 there were only 86 such wineries left . The majority of Nordheim's winegrowers still operate their own viticulture, but the Nordheim winegrowers' cooperative was founded in 1951 to support the then starving winemakers. It merged in 2012 to form DIVINO Nordheim- Thüngersheim . The cooperative's wines have received several awards. Another award-winning company is the VDP Glaser-Himmelstoss winery . In 2018 the Manfred Braun winery received the Bavarian State Prize .
| Vineyard | Size 1993 | Size 2004 | Size 2018 | Compass direction | Slope | Main grape varieties | Great location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kreuzberg | 130 ha | 170 ha | 91 ha | North, northwest | 5–25% | not clear | Volkacher Kirchberg |
| little bird | 240 ha | 250 ha | 230 ha | West, southwest | 5-20% | Müller-Thurgau, Silvaner, and others | Volkacher Kirchberg |
Other branches of industry
| Guest nights | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | Overnight stays | ||||||
| 2011 | 14,032 | ||||||
| 2013 | 12.205 | ||||||
| 2015 | 15,475 | ||||||
| 2016 | 16,409 | ||||||
Today tourism is the second important branch of the economy for the local population. It has been promoted since the 1950s and the tourist infrastructure continued to expand. The main attractions today are the cultural landscape on the Main Loop, the Altmain, which is cut off from shipping traffic by ferry, and the centuries-old wine culture with tastings, wine tastings, hedge taverns and wine festivals.
There are a total of six accommodations in Nordheim, which is a lot for the size of the place. The place is the starting point for many weekend guests, so that the average length of stay is around two days. All statistical data on the number of guests and overnight stays have been pointing upwards in recent years. The majority of Nordheim's guests come from within Germany . The place is part of the Volkacher Mainschleife tourist region and the Franconian wine country .
Besides viticulture and tourism, there are only a few other branches of industry in the village. Services and retail are mainly to be found in the nearby central center of Volkach. Up until 2018, Raiffeisenbank Fränkisches Weinland eG, a bank, had its headquarters in Nordheim am Main, with branches in Nordheim, Sommerach and Escherndorf. It merged with the Raiffeisenbank Volkach-Wiesentheid to form the Raiffeisenbank Volkacher Mainschleife - Wiesentheid .
traffic
Nordheim is rather insignificant in terms of traffic. In the past, no important roads ran through the town. However, the medieval long-distance road that led from Kitzingen in the direction of Volkach- Schweinfurt touched Nordheim south of the old town. The traffic situation is still clear in the townscape today. The main street, formerly Marktstraße, is designed like a square, but ends in a dead end.
The Main ferry, which still operates between Nordheim and the opposite Escherndorf, is essential for the development of the village. An old street ended on the Escherndorf side , which connected Würzburg and the royal court Prosselsheim with the Mainschleife. The ferry rights traditionally lay with the Nordheim village authorities. The crossing had to be regulated quickly, which was done by the driving regulations of 1575 initiated by the Münsterschwarzach Monastery.
The economic importance of the ferry became clear in the 18th century, when around 70% of the municipality's budget was spent on maintaining the ferry. Nevertheless, the Nordheim ferry was the most insignificant facility in the area after Fahr- Kaltenhausen and Astheim-Volkach. In 1919, a high-wire ferry was built to speed up the crossings. The construction of the Main Canal in the 1950s prevented the Nordheim ferry from collapsing because the facility was not an obstacle to large-scale shipping. Nevertheless, the construction of a bridge was discussed in the 1980s. Today the ferry is mainly used for tourism.
On the road, Nordheim can only be reached via the KT 29 district road . It branches off from State Road 2271 south of Volkach , crosses the Main Canal and follows the course of the Main to Nordheim. In the village it is continued as Raiffeisenstrasse. At the western edge of the town it flows into Sommeracher Straße, which together with Zehnthofstraße forms the connection to the Main ferry from the north. Again the road follows the course of the river towards Sommerach. The Hallburger Weg, now a vineyard route, is also historically significant. The Kreuzberg is crossed by many, only unofficially named, agricultural paths.
Nordheim can only be reached by bus from Würzburg and Kitzingen. The OVF lines 8108 Würzburg- Dettelbach -Bhf-Nordheim and 8110 Kitzingen-Dettelbach / Schwarzach- Nordheim go to the Weininsel and end in the center of Nordheim. In addition, the tourist Mainschleifenshuttle travels to the community with its line 105 in the summer months. A citizens' bus has been set up that runs regularly in the direction of Volkach.
education
Nordheim probably had its own school house in the village as early as the early modern period . The location of this school is unknown, however. The schoolmaster was a respected citizen of the community and had to take on important offices in the community in addition to teaching. In the course of its existence the school was probably moved to different buildings within the village. It was not until the 1960s that these denominational schools were dissolved and converted into association schools.
Nordheim formed an association with Sommerach and Dimbach. The seat of the new school building was found in Sommerach. Nordheim is still part of the Sommerach primary school district today . In Nordheim itself there is only one Catholic kindergarten left at Kindergartenstrasse 5. At the beginning of the 20th century, the kindergarten was temporarily housed in the premises of the historic Zehnthof. Extracurricular education is provided by the Volkach Adult Education Center. In the Volkach elementary school (consisting of elementary and middle school), the secondary school certificate and the secondary school leaving certificate can be acquired via the M branch .
The higher education also takes place in Volkach. A girls' secondary school is located here. In addition, in the Volkach district of Gaibach, there is the Franken-Landschulheim Schloss Gaibach, a grammar school with secondary school and boarding school. The Steigerwald-Landschulheim in Wiesentheid is also close to Nordheim. In addition, the pupils can visit the private monastery high school in Münsterschwarzach.
Associations and associations
There are over ten registered associations in Nordheim am Main . The Nordheim am Main volunteer fire brigade was founded in the 19th century and is now run by a fire brigade association. The fire station can be found today at Mainstrasse 38 in the northern part of the old town. The Nordheim fire brigade is equipped with a fire fighting vehicle (LF 8 without THL), a towing ladder (AL 18) and a fire brigade trailer (FwA-SA300). Acting commandant is Marcus Wachler.
In addition, the Bavarian Red Cross in Nordheim is on standby. The Bavarian Farmers' Association is organized as a local group and mainly represents winemakers in Nordheim. Female members are organized in the rural women's union. In addition, the wineries have joined forces in the Nordheimer Weinbauverein. The festival community Culinary Wine Festival is important for tourism, it organizes the festival. In addition, the community of hedge management exists as a lobby group.
There are two choirs in Nordheim, the men's choir and the mixed choir “Cäcilia”. A carnival club called the “Weingenießerclub” was founded recently and organizes galas during the carnival season. In addition, the organization of the Skate'n'Rock Festival is left to an association. The only sports club in the village is TSV Nordheim. It was founded in 1925 and today has a soccer team, a netball team and other branches. There is a sports home in the north of the village.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
In the past, the municipality of Nordheim produced several personalities who also gained some notoriety outside the local boundaries. The best known of these people is the Abbot John III. Büttner († 1540). He was born the son of a cooper in Nordheim and, after studying in Erfurt, was an important part of the Münsterschwarzach monastery, which was devastated by the German Peasants' War. After his election as abbot in 1535, he began to force the renovation of the buildings. However, Büttner died in 1540.
Johann Glock (1592–1661) was born in Nordheim am Main. He was probably active as a writer and worked mainly in the imperial city of Schweinfurt. After studying in Jena and Bourges, he rose to work here in the city council in the 1630s. Finally in 1635 he was elected mayor of Schweinfurt. Glock was even built by Emperor Ferdinand III in 1656 . elected as Reichsvogt and was thus the supreme guardian of the laws in the free city.
Unlike several other places in the area, Nordheim did not have its own local nobility. Only the Knoblach family, who made some fortune through the wine trade , received permission to bear their own coat of arms . The family is proven as early as the 16th century, for some time they provided the landlords of the “Zur Sonne” inn. The family shaped the townscape through several foundations , including the Nordheim Madonna and the Marian column on the market square go back to the Knoblachs. Representatives of the family are still based in Nordheim today. Two family members from the 17th century made a special contribution to the village:
- Johann Sebastian Knoblach (1670 - ????), winemaker and founder, the Ölberggruppe at the cemetery goes back to him
- Johann Martin Knoblach (1675–1746), winemaker and founder, he donated a wayside shrine
In the 18th century a well-known musician came from the village in the Würzburg monastery. Georg Plazidus Detsch (also Placidus, 1753-1828) rose to the position of cathedral organist in Würzburg. In addition, at the beginning of the 19th century he is proven as a music teacher at the school teacher seminar in the metropolis of the bishopric, among other things the composer Georg Weber learned from him. Detsch also composed himself. After his death in 1828 there were probably disputes about his inheritance. The brewer Theodor Stauder was born in Nordheim in 1821 and died in Essen in 1882 .
With the resurgence of viticulture in the second half of the 20th century, several so-called wine sovereignties came from Nordheim who rose to become the Franconian wine queen . Nordheim produced a total of five women who carried this title. This means that the wine-growing community, together with Obereisenheim , is the community that produced the second most sovereigns (after Volkach).
- Christa Navratil, Franconian Wine Queen 1966/1967
- Monika Kirch, Franconian Wine Queen 1985/1986
- Petra Christ, Franconian Wine Queen 1987/1988
- Christin Ungemach, Franconian Wine Queen 2014/2015
- Christina Schneider, Franconian Wine Queen 2016/2017 (also German Wine Princess)
Associated with Nordheim
The close links between the village and the Münsterschwarzach monastery meant that some influential monastery priests were active in the town. The future abbot of the monastery Silvanus Speht (1611–1646) was pastor in Nordheim and Sommerach between 1639 and 1641 and shaped parish life in the two villages during the Thirty Years' War. After the outbreak of his hypochondria, Abbot Benedikt II. Weidenbusch (1632–1672) was a frequent guest at the Nordheimer Zehnthof. Here he also died of a cold on August 15, 1672.
In the 18th century the abbey sponsored a few young artists to decorate the monastery villages with baroque jewelry. At that time Abbot Christophorus Balbus was looking for an artist to design the baroque monastery church by Balthasar Neumann. The painter Andreas Dahlweiner (1734–1758 / 1759) from Weißenhorn initially created some works in the monastery villages. His main work was the painting of the Nordheim Zehnthof chapel.
As mayor and member of the state parliament, Valentin Sauer (before 1869 – after 1875) shaped social life in the village in the second half of the 19th century. Ignaz Bunzelt (called Naz , 1930–2010), a winner of the Franconian cube , lived in the village in the 20th century . The trained winemaker from Unterdürrbach received the award in 1986 because, as a member of the local council and often involved in local associations, he had typical “Franconian” characteristics.
literature
Literature about Nordheim
- Martin Brandl: Saved, secured and used - the Zehnthof chapel in Nordheim in the Kitzingen district . In: Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation (ed.): Monument Preservation Information No. 162 / November 2015 . Munich 2015. pp. 30–33.
- Gerhard Egert: The Nordheim driving regulations from 1603 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 1-3.
- Rudolf Hörning: The former Münsterschwarzacher Zehnthof in Nordheim am Main . In: Yearbook of the district of Kitzingen 1979. In the spell of the Schwanberg . Münsterschwarzach 1979. pp. 129-131.
- Markus Hörsch: Prague-Paris-Würzburg. The Madonna in Nordheim am Main and its position in art history . In: Jiři Fajit, Markus Hörsch (Hrsg.): Artistic interactions in Central Europe (= Studia Jagellonica Lipsiensia Bd. 1) . Ostfildern 2006. pp. 27–51.
- Adelhard Kaspar: The painter of the frescoes in the Zehnthof zu Nordheim. Discussion about Andreas Dahlweiner from Weissenhorn. A contribution to research on baroque painting . In: Mainfränkisches Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Kunst Vol. 12 (= Archive of the Historical Association for Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg Vol. 83) . Würzburg 1960. pp. 114-127.
- Stefan Meusert: The ferry system in Nordheim . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 126-134.
- o. A .: The Zehnthof Chapel in Nordheim a. Main. The former Münsterschwarzacher Zehnthof. Leaflet . Nordheim am Main 2008.
- o. A .: St. Laurentius Nordheim / Main. Leaflet . Nordheim o. J.
- Franz Pfrang: Nordheim and Schwarzach . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 47-58.
- Hans Pokorny: The Nordheim am Main winegrowers' cooperative . In: District Administrator and District Council of the District of Kitzingen (Hrsg.): District of Kitzingen . Münsterschwarzach 1984. p. 349.
- Matthias Wieser: The chapel of hll. Apostles Simon and Judas Thaddäus in the Münsterschwarzacher Zehnthof in Nordheim am Main. Contributions to the building history and partial restoration of a Renaissance building with Baroque interior decoration in the Kitzingen district. With texts by Franziskus Büll OSB and Martin Brandl (= publications of the Society for Franconian History eV, Series XIII: New Year's Papers, Vol. 53) . Neustadt an der Aisch 2017.
Other literature used
- Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. An art and culture guide . Market wide 1993.
- Hans Bauer, Friedrich Grosch, Karl Schneider: wayside shrines, stone crosses and other small monuments in the Kitzingen district. Part 2 . Mainbernheim 1979.
- Thomas Bauer, Paul Beinhofer, Wilhelm Wenning (eds): 25 years of the Frankenwürfel. 1985-2009 . Bayreuth, Ansbach, Würzburg 2010.
- Franziskus Büll: The importance of viticulture for the Benedictine abbey Münsterschwarzach . In: Historical Section of the Bavarian Benedictine Academy (ed.): Studies and communications on the history of the Benedictine order and its branches, Vol. 119/2008 . St. Ottilien 2008. pp. 189-221.
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Bavaria I: Franconia . Munich and Berlin 1999.
- Gerhard Egert: The place names as a historical settlement source. Situation structure and interpretation . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Volkach. 906-2006 . Volkach 2006. pp. 11-16.
- Gerhard Egert: The political spatial planning in the area of the Volkacher Mainschleife around 1814 . Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 267-270.
- Gerhard Egert: The Swedes in Volkach, 1631–1634 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 216-228.
- Gerhard Egert: On the history of fruit growing on the Mainschleife 1700–1900 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 47-58.
- Barbara Holtz: The vineyard names in the Kitzingen district . In: Andreas Pampuch (ed.): Nature and landscape of the district of Kitzingen, Vol. 2 . Kitzingen 1981/1982. Pp. 124-160.
- Wiltrude Kestler: The end of the war in Volkach 1945 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 173-180.
- Johann Ludwig Klarmann: The Steigerwald in the past. A contribution to Franconian cultural studies . Gerolzhofen 2 1909.
- Hans-Eckhard Lindemann: Historic town centers in Main Franconia. Story structure development . Munich 1989.
- Franz Pfrang: The history of viticulture on the Main loop . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 23-28.
- Franz Pfrang: The Jews in the Volkach area . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 70-80.
- Erwin Probst: Vogt and Lord of the village and field. Contributions to the history of legal life in the former monastery Blackachian bailiwick villages . In: Studia Suarzacensia. Contributions to the history of the Münsterschwarzach Abbey on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of its resettlement (= Würzburg diocesan history sheets 25th vol.) . Münsterschwarzach 1963. pp. 145–168.
- Erika Stadler: Winegrowing traditions on the Mainschleife - then and now . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 134-145.
- Karl Treutwein: Legends from Main Franconia . Wuerzburg 1969.
- Karl Treutwein: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim. History, sights, traditions . Volkach 4 1987.
Web links
- Official website
- Entry on the coat of arms of Nordheim am Main in the database of the House of Bavarian History
- Nordheim am Main: Official statistics of the LfStat
- Nordheim am Main in the location database of the Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online . Bavarian State Library
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ↑ Geography Giersbeck: Map 152 Würzburg , PDF file, accessed on January 8, 2019.
- ↑ State Office for the Environment: Volkacher Mainschleife , PDF file, accessed on November 29, 2018.
- ↑ Climate data for Nordheim am Main: Climate-Data , accessed on October 5, 2018.
- ↑ a b Bavarian State Office for Statistics: Statistics communal Nordheim am Main , PDF file, p. 13, accessed on October 1, 2018.
- ^ Lindemann, Hans-Eckhard: Historic town centers in Mainfranken . P. 49.
- ↑ LZR: LZR brochure renaturation , PDF file, p. 11, accessed on March 8, 2019.
- ↑ a b c Wieser, Matthias: The chapel of the hll. Apostles Simon and Judas Thaddäus in the Münsterschwarzacher Zehnthof in Nordheim am Main . P. 18.
- ^ A b c Pfrang, Franz: Nordheim and Schwarzach . P. 146.
- ^ Treutwein, Karl: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim . P. 158.
- ↑ Wieser, Matthias: The chapel of hll. Apostles Simon and Judas Thaddäus in the Münsterschwarzacher Zehnthof in Nordheim am Main . P. 26.
- ^ Probst, Erwin: Vogt and Lord to village and field . P. 147.
- ^ Pfrang, Franz: Nordheim and Schwarzach . P. 147.
- ^ Pfrang, Franz: History of viticulture on the Main loop . P. 24.
- ^ Pfrang, Franz: Schwarzach and Nordheim . P. 148.
- ^ Treutwein, Karl: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim . P. 157.
- ^ Pfrang, Franz: Jews in the Volkach area . P. 71.
- ↑ Wieser, Matthias: The chapel of hll. Apostles Simon and Judas Thaddäus in the Münsterschwarzacher Zehnthof in Nordheim am Main . P. 22.
- ↑ Mahr, Johannes: Münsterschwarzach. 1200 years of a Franconian abbey . P. 30 f.
- ^ Büll, Franziskus: The importance of viticulture for the Benedictine abbey Münsterschwarzach . P. 197.
- ↑ See: Egert, Gerhard: The political spatial planning in the area of the Volkacher Mainschleife around 1814 . P. 268.
- ↑ Meusert, Stefan: The Fährwesen in Nordheim am Main . P. 130.
- ↑ Kestler, Wiltrude: The end of the war in Volkach 1945 . P. 180.
- ^ Lindemann, Hans-Eckhard: Historic town centers in Mainfranken . P. 50.
- ^ Egert, Gerhard: The place names as a historical settlement source . P. 13.
- ^ Unterfränkisches Dialektinstitut: Ortsnecknames in Unterfranken , accessed on March 10, 2018.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria in the period from 1840 to 1952 (= contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB 451478568 , p. 199 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized ).
- ^ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB 740801384 , p. 188 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Egert, Gerhard: The political spatial planning in the area of the Volkacher Mainschleife . P. 269.
- ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB 94240937X , p. 365 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ a b c d Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria from 1840 to 1952 (= contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB 451478568 , p. 214 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ a b c d e Bavarian State Office for Statistics: Genesis Online , accessed on September 30, 2018.
- ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB 453660959 , Section II, Sp. 867-868 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Probst, Erwin: Vogt and Lord to village and field . Pp. 159-164.
- ↑ Local election 2020: Municipality of Nordheim am Main , accessed on March 17, 2020.
- ^ Pfrang, Franz: Nordheim and Schwarzach . P. 150.
- ↑ Statistics municipal: Nordheim am Main , PDF file, p. 9, accessed on November 28, 2018.
- ^ Entry on the coat of arms of the municipality of Nordheim am Main in the database of the House of Bavarian History , accessed on August 27, 2018 .
- ↑ See: Lindemann, Hans-Eckhard: Historische Ortskerne in Mainfranken . P. 49.
- ↑ above: The Zehnthof Chapel in Nordheim a. Main .
- ↑ Wieser, Matthias: The chapel of hll. Apostles Simon and Judas Thaddäus in the Münsterschwarzacher Zehnthof in Nordheim am Main . P. 47.
- ^ Bauer, Hans; Grosch, Friedrich; Schneider, Karl: wayside shrines and stone crosses. Kitzingen district. Part 2 . Pp. 51-58.
- ^ Bauer, Hans: District of Kitzingen . P. 199.
- ^ Nordheim am Main: Tour , accessed on November 27, 2018.
- ↑ Baumzeitung: Friedweinberg - last rest under the vine , accessed on October 17, 2018.
- ↑ Nordheim am Main: Event overview anniversary 2018 , PDF file, p. 2, accessed on October 14, 2018.
- ↑ Skate-n-Rock: Homepage , accessed October 14, 2018.
- ↑ Record Institute for Germany: Wine tasting world record goes to Franconia , accessed on October 14, 2018.
- ^ Treutwein, Karl: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim . P. 160.
- ^ Treutwein, Karl: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim . P. 162.
- ^ Treutwein, Karl: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim . P. 163.
- ^ Treutwein, Karl: Legends from Main Franconia . P. 98.
- ^ Büll, Franziskus: The importance of viticulture for the Benedictine abbey Münsterschwarzach . Pp. 206-210.
- ↑ Egert, Gerhard: On the history of fruit growing on the Main loop . P. 50.
- ^ Pfrang, Franz: The history of viticulture on the Main loop . P. 28.
- ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics: Statistics communal Nordheim am Main , PDF file, p. 14, accessed on October 18, 2018.
- ↑ DIVINO-Wein: Homepage , accessed on October 18, 2018.
- ^ Bauer, Hans: District of Kitzingen . P. 191.
- ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics: Statistics communal Nordheim am Main , PDF file, p. 16, accessed on October 15, 2018.
- ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics: Statistics communal Nordheim am Main , PDF file, p. 16, accessed on October 18, 2018.
- ↑ Wieser, Matthias: The chapel of hll. Apostles Simon and Judas Thaddäus in the Münsterschwarzacher Zehnthof in Nordheim am Main . P. 19 f.
- ↑ Egert, Gerhard: The Nordheimer Fahrordnung . P. 1.
- ↑ Meusert, Stefan: The Fährwesen in Nordheim . P. 130.
- ↑ OVF: timetable search , accessed on October 20, 2018.
- ^ Nordheim am Main: facilities , accessed on November 27, 2018.
- ↑ KFV Kitzingen: Voluntary Fire Brigade Nordheim am Main , accessed on October 21, 2018.
- ^ TSV-Nordheim: History , accessed on October 21, 2018.
- ↑ Nordheim-Main: Associations / youth work , accessed on October 20, 2018.
- ^ Council of the Imperial City of Schweinfurt: Glock, Johann , accessed on September 13, 2019.
- ^ Franconian wine lovers : Weingut Knoblach , accessed on November 29, 2018.
- ^ Hörsch, Markus: Paris-Prague-Würzburg . P. 50 (Notes).
- ↑ Bavarian Music Dictionary Online: Placidus Detsch , accessed on November 29, 2018.
- ↑ Klarmann, Johann Ludwig: The Steigerwald in the past . P. 204.
- ^ House of Bavarian History: Valentin Sauer , accessed on September 2, 2018.
- ↑ Wine Brotherhood Franconia: Auslese 2010 , PDF file, p. 13, accessed on September 8, 2018.
- ↑ Main-Post: Names and Notes , accessed on September 8, 2018.
- ^ Bauer, Thomas (et al., Ed.): 25 years of the Frankenwürfel . P. 22.
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