Pavlovian dog
The name Pavlovian dog (also Pavlov's dog ) refers to the first empirical experiment by the Russian researcher and Nobel Prize winner for medicine Ivan Petrovich Pavlov to prove classical conditioning .
In the course of his Nobel Prize- winning experiments on the connection between salivation and digestion, Pavlov observed that in kennel dogs, even the steps of the owner caused salivation , even though no food was in sight. He suspected that the sound of the footsteps, which the feeding regularly followed, was associated with eating for the dogs. The previously neutral acoustic stimulus (step sound) is associated with the stimulus “food” in the dog's organism. To test this hypothesis, he designed a meaningful experiment in 1905: the presentation of food, an unconditional stimulus, is followed by salivation (unconditional reaction), nothing follows the sounding of a bell (neutral stimulus). If, however, the bell sounds repeatedly in close temporal connection with the offering of food, the dogs finally react to the sound alone with salivation. Pavlov called this phenomenon conditioning .
Pavlov made another discovery in a dog in 1927: He noticed that a dog that vomited regularly after an injection of morphine vomited even if it was injected with a saline solution, which normally does not cause any physical reactions. This experiment is considered to be the birth of placebo / nocebo research.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Classical conditioning according to Pavlov. In: Teaching text collection of the Department for Education & Educational Psychology at the Institute for Education and Psychology at the Johannes Kepler University Linz. Last accessed on December 28, 2018
- ↑ Dieter E. Zimmer: The placebo and its effect. In: DIE ZEIT / Knowledge. No. 42, October 8, 1998, p. 58 (PDF; 112 kB)