Piano accordion
The piano accordion is a chromatic accordion with a keyboard on the right ( treble ).
There are different constructions for the bass section (on the left), which are also used in the modern chromatic button accordion , see bass systems . Instruments of different sizes are available on the market , which are usually distinguished by the number of bass buttons and the number of registers . Left-handers can play the keyboard with their left hand after turning the instrument 180 degrees and the bass part with their right hand. The keys of a piano accordion are slightly narrower than those of the piano . Twelve white accordion keys correspond in width to about eleven white piano keys. Aspiring accordionists who have already mastered an instrument with a keyboard can transfer a lot with regard to playing technique in the treble.
history
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Accordions with free reeds were built relatively late, but the possibility of piano keys with Zuginstrumenten was free reeds to be used before the invention of the diatonic accordion known. In Vienna, Anton Haeckl built the so-called physharmonica as early as 1818 , two of these small instruments, which were built in 1825, are in the Technical Museum in Vienna, exhibit Inv. 19.480 (20 white keys) and Inv. No. 38.956. The physharmonica looked similar to the small hand harmoniums that are still popular in India. It had a piano keyboard. The smaller version of the instrument rested on the left arm and was played with the right hand. The range of this small version of the Physharmonica was from B to G``.
In an advertisement from April 14, 1821 in the Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung one can find the following sentence: "Even in a very small format, the master makes copies of it that lie comfortably in the left arm while the right hand plays."
Haeckl received a patent (Privilegium) for such instruments on April 8, 1821. Very early instruments that were built in France looked like a somewhat oversized modern piano accordion, only they were set up like a piano and played on a manual with both hands . The bellows was moved with the feet using cables. The instrument had no bass part. It looked like an accordion, but is considered the forerunner of the harmonium. An instrument from 1880 with the Inv. No. 15.289 is located as "Busson Brevete" (Paris) in the Technical Museum in Vienna. Anton Reinlein , a music box manufacturer from Vienna, announced an improvement to such instruments. This patent for the invention of the harmonica is very often found erroneously.
On February 10, 1824 Anton Reinlein and his son Rudolph Reinlein received the patent for it. It also had penetrating tongues "Chinese style" and a hand bellows. It was called a harmonica . The official gazette of the Wiener Zeitung reported on March 24, 1824.
Matthäus Bauer , an instrument maker from Vienna, built chromatic instruments. In 1851 he built an instrument that had two rows of buttons arranged like the piano. In 1854 at the German industrial exhibition in Vienna, Matthäus Bauer exhibited an instrument with 22 white and 15 black keys and one with three rows of buttons in a B-grip arrangement. The image archive of the Hohner company, newspaper reports and advertising brochures that have been preserved support this claim. The originals are in the Austrian National Library. Matthäus Bauer experimented with all possible key assignments, so he built an early variant of the melody bass . An exhibit can be seen in the Technical Museum in Vienna, bass part with three sound posts, inv. No. 22.308.
