Pockmark

Pockmarks are crater-like depressions on the bottom of seas or lakes with a diameter of 10–700 meters and a depth of up to 45 meters, in individual cases up to 1.5 kilometers in diameter and more than 150 meters deep. Pockmarks are caused by the escape of gases or liquids, natural disasters, geological or human activity.

Pockmarks could be of greatest importance as earthquake indicators, with some becoming active a few days before major quakes.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b M. Hovland, JV Gardner, AG Judd: The significance of pockmarks to understanding fluid flow processes and geohazards . In: Geofluids . tape 2 , no. 2 , 2002, p. 127 , doi : 10.1046 / j.1468-8123.2002.00028.x .
↑ ^a ^b Matthias Forwick, Nicole J. Baeten & Gates O. Vorren: fjords pockmarks in Spitsbergen . In: Norwegian Journal of Geology . tape 89 , no. 1 & 2 , 2009, pp. 65 .
↑ Jeffrey N. Rogers, Joseph T. Kelley, Daniel F. Belknap, Allen Gontz, Walter A. Barnhardt: Shallow-water pockmark formation in temperate estuaries: A consideration of origins in the western gulf of Maine with special focus on Belfast Bay . In: Marine Geology . tape 225 , no. 1–4 , 2006, pp. 45-46 , doi : 10.1016 / j.margeo.2005.07.011 .

[Hovland2002-1] M. Hovland, JV Gardner, AG Judd: The significance of pockmarks to understanding fluid flow processes and geohazards . In: Geofluids . tape 2 , no. 2 , 2002, p. 127 , doi : 10.1046 / j.1468-8123.2002.00028.x .

[Forwick2009-2] Matthias Forwick, Nicole J. Baeten & Gates O. Vorren: fjords pockmarks in Spitsbergen . In: Norwegian Journal of Geology . tape 89 , no. 1 & 2 , 2009, pp. 65 .

[rogers2006-3] Jeffrey N. Rogers, Joseph T. Kelley, Daniel F. Belknap, Allen Gontz, Walter A. Barnhardt: Shallow-water pockmark formation in temperate estuaries: A consideration of origins in the western gulf of Maine with special focus on Belfast Bay . In: Marine Geology . tape 225 , no. 1–4 , 2006, pp. 45-46 , doi : 10.1016 / j.margeo.2005.07.011 .