Prix ​​de Rome

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Villa Medici in Rome
Jacques-Louis David, The physician Erasistratos discovers Antiochus ' illness , Rome price 1774

The Prix de Rome or Rome Prize was the first time in the 17th century by the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture at Artists conferred award, a scholarship and a multi-year stay in Rome was connected. After the Académie royale was closed (1793), the Académie des Beaux-Arts, newly founded in 1803, announced the award and the corresponding competition - now also in the field of music. The awards ceremony was discontinued after the student unrest in May 1968 .

Prix ​​de Rome of the Académies Royales

The Rome Prize was established by Louis XIV in 1666 to enable young talented architects, painters, etchers and sculptors to study the classical arts in Rome, the cradle of European art. As the seat of the Académie de France à Rome , founded for this purpose by Jean-Baptiste Colbert , the house of Abbot Saraca on the Ianiculus was initially rented. Relocations took place in 1673 in the Palazzo Caffarelli , in 1685 in the Palazzo Capranica , in 1725 in the Palazzo Mancini and in 1803 in the Villa Medici . The academy resides there to this day: under the name Villa Médicis - Académie de France à Rome .

Art awards

The idea of ​​awarding prizes to talented young artists was born in 1654 at the Académie royale de Peinture et de Sculpture founded in 1648 ; however, it should take a few more years to actually set up. In 1663 the honorary member Gédéon Berbier du Metz presented three prizes for the best student drawings , in 1665 the first winners traveled to Rome: Pierre Monier and Jean-Baptiste Corneille . By 1672, mostly three of the submitted works - i. d. R. Drawings - awarded. The competitions were divided into the two classes of painting and sculpture in 1673. With a few exceptions, two prix de peinture and two prix de sculpture were awarded annually. The first prize in each case was equivalent to a three-year, later four-year Rome scholarship. The following two lists list some of the prix de Rome winners .

painting

Award winners (selection)

sculpture

Award winners (selection)

Architecture award

From 1720, the best architecture students of the Académie royale d'Architecture, founded in 1671, also enjoyed the Prix ​​de Rome .

Award winners (selection)

Prix ​​de Rome of the Académie des Beaux-Arts

On August 8, 1793, the National Convention abolished all royal academies and learned societies - to unite them in October 1795 as the Institut National des Sciences et Arts , later (and now) Institut de France . The fine arts, initially associated with literature in one class, received a separate class in January 1803 as the Académie des Beaux-Arts . The Académie de France à Rome , since November 1801 under the direction of the Flemish painter Joseph-Benoît Suvée , who was nominated in November 1792 , moved shortly afterwards to the newly acquired Villa Medici. The competitions for the Rome prices were immediately resumed.

Painting price

Award winners (selection)

Sculpture award

Award winners (selection)

Architecture award

Award winners (selection)

Music award

In 1803 the award of the Prix ​​de Rome was extended to the field of music. From then on it was awarded annually. The prerequisite was studying at the Paris Conservatory , and in a multi-phase elimination, the music students were able to win this renowned and extremely coveted scholarship with a final cantata composition (based on a given text). During their stay, the scholarship holders had to submit a further piece of music each year, which was assessed by the members of the Académie. Numerous well-known composers have won this coveted award. In 1968 the competition was abolished, but since 1971 the academy has been awarding scholarships again.

The prize was awarded in four grades, not all of which were awarded every year: "premier Premier Grand Prix" (1st main prize), "deuxième Premier Grand Prix" (2nd main prize), "premier Second Grand Prix" (1st main prize). Second prize) and “deuxième Second Grand Prix” (second second prize). The example of Maurice Ravel , who applied five times and never got it, shows that the jury can be wrong and that not every candidate for the musical Rome Prize is rightly recognized for his artistic achievement . In the first attempt in 1900 and in the last attempt in 1905 (he did not try it in 1904) he was eliminated in the preliminary round. In 1905 this led to such a major scandal that Théodore Dubois , director of the Paris Conservatory, had to resign.

Award winners (selection)

Prix ​​de Rome for music in Belgium

Based on the French model, François-Joseph Fétis introduced a Prix de Rome for composition in Belgium in 1841, which was awarded until 1973; the compulsory work was a cantata.

Award winners (selection)

literature

  • Gudrun Valerius: Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture 1648 - 1793. History. Organization. Members. BoD, Norderstedt 2010, pages 181–201 (awarding of the award) and 95–102 (Académie de France à Rome)

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ G. Valerius, pp. 97, 99f and 102; also to the 13 directors on pages 98-102
  2. ^ Official website of the Villa Medici (text in French, Italian, English)
  3. ↑ G. Valerius, pp. 181-184; See also the competition procedure on pages 184–187 and the complete list of winners on pages 187–194
  4. ↑ Original title: Érasistrate découvrant la cause de la maladie d'Antiochius
  5. ↑ Original title: La Cananéenne aux pieds du Christ
  6. ↑ Original title: Le Cheval compagnon de l'Homme [1]