Corrugation
Fluting called the emergence wavy depressions in the driving mirror of railway - rails . The causes are varied, and they are particularly often caused by abrasive wear when braking and when trains are cornering and by irregularities in the wheels . Corrugations are removed by grinding with a special rail grinding train . The corrugations are often found on winding stretches of road. The actual cause of the corrugation is to be seen in the connection between the track geometry and the always slightly oscillating movement of the conical wheel sets ( sinusoidal run ) on the rail heads. This constant vibration can be disturbed by various factors and thus the wear and tear of the rail head is increased selectively. This effect also occurs with trams . This is partly due to the superstructure and the track geometry of (old) tram lines, where the rail heads of both rails are not slightly inclined inward.