Shōni (clan)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Shōni ( Japanese 少 弐 氏 , Shōni-shi ) were a clan that descended from the Fujiwara , their home was Kyūshū in Japan.

history

Heian period

Before the Kamakura period, the term "Shōni" was a title within the military special administrative zone of the Dazaifu on from Kyūshū , which was administratively under the Settsu-shiki in the Ritsuryō system . "Lower vassal", the direct grade under the Daini ( 大 児 ). Since this position was dominated by family members of the Fujiwara , the hereditary title became a common family name.

Kamakura time

When Minamoto Yoritomo set up the first shogunate in Kamakura in 1185, he changed the organization of the administration of Kyushu. The post of Chinzei Bugyō replaced the Daini, and the Shōni post lost its previous meaning. However, many family members remained in several other influential offices in the region.

As one of the three great clans on the island, together with the Mōri and the Shimazu , they played an important role in defending against the two Mongol invasions in 1274 and 1281 , with the Kamikaze also coming to their aid.

Muromachi period

Later they joined the North Court in the Muromachi period and thus the next Shogun Ashikaga Takauji (see Nanboku-chō ).

Sengoku time

After multiple defeats against the Ōuchi , they lost almost all of their lands and were eventually wiped out by the Ryūzōji .

Important personalities

  • Shōni Tsunesuke (1226–1289), fought the Mongols
  • Shōni Kagesuke (until 1285), fought the Mongols
  • Shōni Yorihisa, fought with Ashikaga Takauji
  • Shōni Sukemoto (1497-1532)
  • Shōni Tokinao - son of Sukemoto, last head

literature

  • Frederic, Louis (2002). Japan Encyclopedia . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Sansom, George (1958). A History of Japan to 1334 . Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
  • Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook . London: Cassell & Co.