Stanford Shaw

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Stanford Jay Shaw (born May 5, 1930 in Minnesota , † December 16, 2006 in Ankara ) was an American historian who has contributed in particular to important studies on historical Ottoman studies .

Life

Shaw studied history with a focus on the Middle East, Arabic, Turkish, and Persian at Stanford University . After obtaining his master's degree in 1955, he went to Egypt for further study purposes , where he devoted himself to researching the Ottoman archives at al-Azhar University . From 1956 to 1957 he also studied at Istanbul University . He completed his dissertation on Ottoman rule in Egypt in 1958 at Princeton University under the title The Financial and Administrative Organization and Development of Ottoman Egypt, 1517–1798 . He got a chair at Harvard University and taught there until 1968. He was then appointed to the University of California, Los Angeles , where he taught until his retirement in 1992. Even after that, he continued to write books. He is the founder and first editor of the 33-volume International Journal of Middle East Studies , published by the Cambridge University Press for the Middle East Studies Association .

Reviews of the "History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey"

With his wife Ezel Kural Shaw, of Turkish origin, Stanford Shaw published the two-volume History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey from 1976 to 1977 . Since the work of Nicolae Iorgas , a detailed account of Ottoman history in Western language had been lacking. With the main part of the work for which he was responsible, which encompasses Ottoman history up to the founding of the Turkish Republic , Shaw created the most extensive recent synthesis of Ottoman history in the non-Turkish language. In his presentation he followed the results of more recent Turkish historiography in large parts - up to the end of the 18th century.

Numerous reviews from the hand of historians of Ottoman history (e.g. Abou-el-Haji, Davison, Hidiroglou, Imber, Kopčan, Ménage, Olson), Turkish contemporary history (Dodd, Karpat), more recent Armenian history (Hovannisian) , the refugee policy during the Nazi era and others soon came to controversial assessments of the value of the work. Some reviewers see Shaw's work as a solid or standard reference work (such as Barsukova, Dodd, Mejcher, Davison). Features such as the Turkey-centered perspective (Davison), the abandonment of untenable legends (Griswold), the bibliographic apparatus (Mejcher), the treatment of the romanization and place names (Turgay), the biographical compilation of the dramatis persona e der Tanzîmât were positively highlighted -Era (Mango) or the good use of e.g. demographic statistics (Mango).

On the other hand, however, a neglect of the religious, ethnic and political minorities was criticized (Mango), which comes from the author's perspective, which corresponds to that of a liberal Turkish nationalist. Negative objections were - for the first volume, in which far less own research results were included - a " legitimist " position of the author and an overemphasis on dynastic history (Abou-el-Haji), careless and superficial work on sources and secondary literature (Imber) , lack of general historical background (Imber), speculative, generalized, erroneous, imprecise and incomprehensible representation (Imber), imprecise, unclear and unfounded timing and topographical confusion (Ménage) or a lack of historical methods in terminology , literary history and source studies (Ménage).

Finally, the work was accused of neglecting the Greek documentation and scientific publications and accompanying partisanship against the Greeks (Hidiroglou), as well as inappropriate treatment of the "Armenian question" especially for the years 1895–1896 and 1915 (Hovannisian), up to and including the apologetic defense the official position of genocide denial in close cooperation with Turkish ambassadors in the USA (Smith, Markusen and Lifton).

Works (selection)

  • The Financial and Administrative Organization and Development of Ottoman Egypt, 1517-1798 . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1962
  • Ottoman Egypt in the Age of the French Revolution . Harvard 1964
  • The Budget of Ottoman Egypt, 1005 / 06-1596 / 97 . The Hague 1968
  • Between Old and New: The Ottoman Empire under Sultan Selim III. 1789-1807 . Cambridge, Mass., 1971
  • History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey . Vol. I: Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire, 1280-1808 . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge et al. 1976, ISBN 0-521-21280-4 , ISBN 0-521-29163-1
  • & Ezel Kural Shaw: History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey . Vol. II: Reform, Revolution, and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey, 1808-1975 . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge et al. 1977, ISBN 0-521-21449-1 , ISBN 0-521-29166-6
  • The Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic . New York University Press, 1991
  • Turkey and the Holocaust: Turkey's role in rescuing Turkish and European Jewry from Nazi persecution, 1933-1945 . New York University Press, 1993
  • From Empire to Republic: The Turkish War of National Liberation 1918-1923: a documentary Study . I - V vols. in 6 books, Ankara TTK, 2000, ISBN 975-16-1228-4
  • The Ottoman Empire in World War I. , Volume I, Ankara TTK, 2007. ISBN 975-16-1882-7
  • The Ottoman Empire in World War I. , Volume II, Ankara TTK, 2008. ISBN 978-975-16-1883-2

literature

  • Contemporary Authors, 7-8 , Detroit 1963, p. 513 [biography]

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Klaus Kreiser, Clio's poor relation: reflections on Ottoman historiography from Hammer-Purgstall to Stanford Shaw , pp. 24-43, in: Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Viennese Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , pp. 24, 43
  2. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 24
  3. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 34
  4. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , pp. 24f
  5. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 35
  6. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 40, with reference to RA Abou-el-Haji, in: American Historical Review, 82 , New York 1977, p. 1029 [review of HOE, Vol. 1 ]
  7. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 40, with reference to RH Davison, in: Slavic Review, 37 , New York 1978, pp. 162-163 [review of HOE, Vol. 2]
  8. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 40, with reference to P. Hidiroglou, in: Balkan Studies, 19 , Thessaloniki 1978, pp. 427-435 [review of HOE, Vol. 2] and on P. Hidiroglou, in: Neá Hestía, 104 , (1227), Athens 1978, pp. 1076-1082 [Review of HOE, Vol. 1-2]
  9. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 40, with reference to C. Imber, in: English Historical Review, 93 , London 1978, pp. 393-395 [review of HOE, Vol. 1-2 ]
  10. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 40, with reference to V. Kopčan, in: Asian and African Studies, 15 , Bratislava 1979, pp. 185–193 [review of HOE, Vol. 1]
  11. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 40, with reference to VL Ménage, in: Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, 61 , London 1978, pp. 160-162 [review of HOE, Vol. 1]
  12. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 40, with reference to B. Olson, in: Journal of Asian History, 14 , Wiesbaden 1980, p. 151–152 [review of HOE, Vol. 2]
  13. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 40, with reference to CH Dodd, in: Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, 41 , London 1978, pp. 600–601 [review of HOE, Vol. 2]
  14. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 40, with reference to KH Karpat, in: American Historical Review, 83 , New York 1978, pp. 242–243 [review of HOE, Vol. 2]
  15. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 40, with reference to RG Hovannisian, in: International Journal of Middle East Studies, 9 , London & New York 1978, p. 379-400 [review of HOE, Vol. 2]
  16. ↑ Bernd Rother: Review of: Guttstadt, Corry: Turkey, the Jews and the Holocaust. Berlin 2008, in: H-Soz-u-Kult, March 4, 2009, < http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/rezensions/2009-1-184 >
  17. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , pp. 38f
  18. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 40, with reference to OV Barsukova, in: Narody Azii i Afriki, (1), Moscow 1979, pp. 226-230 [review of HOE, Vol. 1 -2]
  19. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 40, with reference to H. Mejcher, in: Historische Zeitschrift, 228 , Munich 1979, pp. 133–135 [review of HOE, Vol. 1]
  20. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 39
  21. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 40, with reference to WJ Griswold, in: Balkan Studies, 18 , Thessaloniki 1977, pp. 444–446 [review of HOE, Vol. 1]
  22. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 40, with reference to AU Turgay, in: Muslim World, 68 , Hartford / Conn. 1978, pp. 223–225 [Review of HOE, Vol. 1-2]
  23. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 40, with reference to A. Mango, in: International Journal of Middle East Studies, 12 , London & New York 1980, pp. 225-228 [review of HOE , Vol. 2]
  24. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , pp. 39, 41
  25. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 41
  26. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , pp. 41f
  27. ↑ Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 42
  28. ^ Roger Smith, Eric Markusen and Robert Lifton: Professional Ethics and the Denial of Armenian Genocide ; in: Holocaust and Genocide Studies 9 (1995) , No. 1, pp. 1-22.
  29. ↑ a b c d e Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Vienna Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 24, footnote 4
  30. ^ A b Gernot Heiss & Grete Klingenstein (eds.): The Ottoman Empire and Europe 1683 to 1789: Conflict, Relaxation and Exchange , Viennese Contributions to the History of Modern Times, 10 , Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, pp. 1-243, ISBN 3-486-51911-5 , p. 24, footnote 1
personal data
SURNAME Shaw, Stanford
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Shaw, Stanford Jay (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American historian
DATE OF BIRTH May 5, 1930
PLACE OF BIRTH Minnesota
DATE OF DEATH December 16, 2006
Place of death Ankara