Throckmorton Conspiracy

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The Throckmorton Conspiracy was an attempt by English Catholics in 1583 to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I and replace her with her second niece, Maria Stuart , Queen of Scots.

aims

The exact aim of the plot was the murder of Elizabeth I. The Catholics wanted to free Mary, who was under house arrest in England, and put her on the throne of England and thus restore the Catholic faith in England. This plan was developed, as was the Ridolfi conspiracy , to concurrently invade England, led by Henri I de Lorraine, Duc de Guise , financed by Spain and the Pope, at the same time as the uprising of the English Catholics with participation the Jesuits and the English cardinal Allen.

Francis Throckmorton acted like a Spanish agent. Other involved were his brother Thomas Throckmorton, his brother-in-law Sir William Catesby and Sir Thomas Tresham.

Events

The conspiracy was unsuccessful. Upon discovering incriminating evidence in his home, Francis Walsingham ordered the arrest of Francis Throckmorton as mediator between Mary and Mendoza , the ambassador of King Philip II of Spain to London, and under torture Throckmorton confessed to the conspiracy.

Since Throckmorton was the secretary of Mary Queen of Scots and confessed that Mary Queen of Scots had been informed of all the details of the plan, Mary Queen of Scots herself was viewed as a dangerous conspirator since the Throckmorton conspiracy.

Effects

The conspiracy itself led to the creation of the Bond of Association , a document drafted by Francis Walsingham and William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley , which obliged all signatories to prosecute anyone trying to usurp the throne or attempting an assassination attempt on the Queen . successfully commits to execute. However, Maria Stuart was initially spared by her relatives after she had signed the bond. Last but not least, Elisabeth shrank from the signaling effect that a crowned queen would be executed. It was only after the Babington conspiracy that followed with the same goals that Elizabeth finally had Maria executed.

Throckmorton was convicted of high treason and executed in 1584. The verdict for him and other accomplices was high treason and the punishment was determined accordingly .

literature

  • John Lotherington et al. (Ed.): The Tudor years . Hodder & Stoughton, London 1994, ISBN 0-340-53794-9 .
  • Rosemary O'Day The Longman companion to the Tudor age . Longman, London et al. 1995, ISBN 0-582-06725-1 , ( Longman companions to history ).
  • John Warren: Elizabeth I. Religion & foreign affairs . 2nd edition. Hodder & Stoughton Educational, London 2002, ISBN 0-340-84689-5 , ( Access to history ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ DRIED MORTON. Retrieved May 21, 2020 .
  2. ^ John A. Wagner, Susan Walters Schmid: Encyclopedia of Tudor England . ABC-CLIO, 2012, ISBN 978-1-59884-298-2 ( google.de [accessed on May 21, 2020]).
  3. ^ Stow, John, 1525? -1605: [Annals of England to 1603] . [Sl: sn], 1603, p. 1202 ( archive.org [accessed May 21, 2020]).