Support element

Supporting elements with appropriate supports form the structure . They are the load-bearing and stiffening components that are designed to have a certain level of bearing resistance. The construction elements are characterized and classified by their geometry and the type of load.

A sufficient quality of supporting elements can be ensured by

the choice of suitable building materials,
through appropriate design, dimensioning and suitable structural development as well
by defining monitoring procedures for the design, manufacture, execution and use according to the specifics of the project.

A distinction is generally made between:

Bars (or beams) 1-D
Tensile structures 2-D
compact body 3-D

From 3-D continuum mechanics for general bodies , 2-D and 1-D problems can be developed with the help of suitable kinetic and kinematic assumptions with regard to selected preferred directions. With surface structures there is exactly one preferred direction, the wall thickness in the coordinate z . The thickness is assumed to be small compared to the dimensions in the x and y directions (length and width). Surface structures therefore have the degree of freedom 2 for translation . They are basically general shells , with the special shapes disc , plate and rotationally symmetrical shell. The differential equations of the elastic line (compare tension / compression rod and bending beam ) are decoupled in the case of the disc and the plate (after a suitable choice of coordinates ). In the case of a curved planar structure, this decoupling does not exist, analogous to the curved rod. The deformations are generally assumed to be small - based on the wall thickness h - (first-order theory), unless a finite deformation is expressly permitted.

Individual evidence

↑ Gert König, Nguyen Viet Tue: Fundamentals of reinforced concrete construction: Introduction to dimensioning according to DIN 1045-1 . Springer, 2013, ISBN 978-3-322-94054-4 .
↑ DIN EN 1990 Eurocode: Basics of structural planning . Beuth, December 2010, p. 23 .
↑ Friedrich U. Mathiak: plane surface structures - basics of plate theory. University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg, January 2, 2008, accessed on January 11, 2020 .

[1] Gert König, Nguyen Viet Tue: Fundamentals of reinforced concrete construction: Introduction to dimensioning according to DIN 1045-1 . Springer, 2013, ISBN 978-3-322-94054-4 .

[2] DIN EN 1990 Eurocode: Basics of structural planning . Beuth, December 2010, p. 23 .

[3] Friedrich U. Mathiak: plane surface structures - basics of plate theory. University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg, January 2, 2008, accessed on January 11, 2020 .