Accident mechanism
The accident mechanism describes the circumstances under which injuries occurred in an accident . The extent of the injury depends on the severity, duration and direction of the violence as well as the position of the patient during the event. Knowledge of the mechanism of the accident is essential for further diagnostics, as possible invisible bone and soft tissue injuries can be deduced from the course of the accident.
traffic accidents
Traffic accidents are the second most common cause of accidents in Austria after sports and leisure accidents. In the event of a collision between two motor vehicles, a distinction is made between the following 5 types of collision:
- Frontal impact
- Rear impact
- Side impact
- Rotational impact
- Rollover
Each type of collision causes typical injury patterns, whereby the injuries in a side impact are usually much more severe than in a frontal impact. For example, the cervical spine is often affected in a rear-end collision , while the pelvis is injured more frequently in a side collision than in a frontal collision.
Phases of impact
The impact, i.e. the collision of two objects, includes three impacts:
- the surcharge of the two vehicles
- the impact of the occupants inside the vehicle
- the impact of the organs inside the inmate
In the second phase, a distinction is also made as to whether the person was wearing a seat belt or not. A driver who is not wearing a seat belt usually bangs his head against the windshield, his chest against the steering wheel and his knee against the dashboard, while a belted driver hits the steering wheel with his head, his chest against the belt and his knees against the dashboard the dashboard bounces.
Accidents with pedestrians
If a motor vehicle collides with a pedestrian, the driver often remains uninjured, while the pedestrian sometimes suffers serious injuries. After the primary impact, the pedestrian hits parts of the vehicle with the torso and head, then slides off the vehicle and hits the ground. The exact type of collision depends on the speed of the vehicle involved:
- up to 50 km / h: The pedestrian hits the bonnet with his head
- 50 to 70 km / h: The pedestrian hits the windshield with his head
- more than 70 km / h: The pedestrian is thrown over the roof
Importance for the rescue service
Due to the lack of diagnostic options on site, the rescue service works symptom-oriented, with the maintenance of vital functions being the top priority. Injuries caused by accidents, such as internal bleeding, are often not directly recognizable. Here it is important to obtain information about the accident mechanism in order to be able to draw conclusions about injuries.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Boehmer, Schneider, Wolcke: Taschenatlas Emergency Services, 2013, 10th Edition; 344-348
- ↑ KFV accident statistics , accessed on June 5, 2016
- ↑ Hansak, Bärnthaler, Pessenbacher, Petutschnigg: LPN Emergency San Austria textbook for emergency paramedics, emergency paramedics with emergency skills and paramedics 2014, 2nd edition; Volume 2 842f.
- ^ Dönitz et al .: Preclinical Trauma Management, 2012, 2nd edition; 47f.
- ^ Austrian Red Cross: Sanitätshilfe, 2011, G2