Yose

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Yose ( Japanese 寄 席 ) is a form of spoken theater that has been cultivated in Japan since the 18th century .

Overview

Yose Theater
San'yūtei Enchō

The "Yose" was a popular form of spoken theater in the Edo period . The term is the abbreviated form of “Hito yose seki” (人 寄 せ 席), which means “where people sit together”. Towards the end of the Edo period, there were a few hundred theaters, about one per district (町, Chō). The entrance fee, the “wooden door penny” (木 戸 銭, Kido-zeni) was low.

A number of variants existed:

  • "Narrative stories" (講 談, Kōdan),
  • "Erotic stories" (人情 噺, Ninjō-banashi),
  • "Funny stories" (落 語, Rakugo),
  • "Magic arts" (手 品, Tejina),
  • "Shadow theater" (写 し 絵, Utsushi-e),
  • "Imitation of several people" (八 人 芸 、 Hachinin-gei),
  • "Ghost stories" (怪 談, Kaidan),
  • "Artistic stories" (芸 屋 噺) and more.

The main direction was the "Kōdan", the narrative stories. The beginning goes back to the beginning of the Edo period, to the "Taiheiki-yomi" (太平 記 読), the recitation of Taiheiki . There were also military stories such as the "Tales of Revenge" (仇 討 物, Adauchi-mono), "Chivalric stories" (俠客 物, Kyōgaku-mono), "Bourgeois stories" (世 話 物), etc. When this form of lecture developed, it was called "Kōshaku" (講 釈), such as "Explanatory Lectures", and was only widespread in places where the Bushi (武士), i.e. the Japanese nobility, played a role in which the common people were interested. The lecturers, "Hanashi-ka" (噺家) called, met the Rakugo -Erzählern the present.

A well-known lecturer at the end of the Tokugawa period up to the Meiji period was San'yūtei Enchō (三 遊 亭 圓 朝; 1839-1900), who was a master of all variants and laid the foundation for modern performance practice. He gave his lectures out under the title “Peonine Lantern” (牡丹 燈籠, Botan dōrō) and “Shiobara Tasuke” (塩 原 多 助). The later "Kaidan botan dōrō" (怪 談 牡丹 燈籠) from 1884 was also successful, with Enchō's lectures being recorded in shorthand .

Small theater rooms with typically 200 seats existed for the performances. Most theaters operated on an "iromonoseki" (色 物 席) basis; that is, after a number of junior lecturers, Master appeared. Around 1900, 70 such theaters were still active, of which the "Suehiro-tei" (末 廣 亭) in the Ningyōchō district, the "Tachibana-tei" (立 花 亭) in Kanda and the "Suzumoto-tei" (鈴 本 亭) in Ueno the most famous were. They were broadcast on radio from the 1920s, while most of the Yose theaters later had to close due to the surge in cinema competition. Yose lives on today on television and radio and in special live broadcasts. Other forms are “Manzai” (漫 才) and “Naniwa-bushi” (浪花 節).

literature

  • Hanabuki Kazuo (Ed.): Yose . In: O-Edo mono-shiri zukan. Shufu-to-seikatsusha, 2000. ISBN 4-391-12386-X . P. 392.
  • S. Noma (Ed.): Yose . In: Japan. An Illustrated Encyclopedia. Kodansha, 1993, ISBN 4-06-205938-X , p. 1755.