Type of protection
The type of protection is a designation from explosion protection that stands for various construction principles in this area. The basic idea behind every type of protection is to minimize the risk of the simultaneous presence of an explosive atmosphere and ignition sources .
Explosions occur when an explosive atmosphere is ignited by an ignition source. In order to prevent the explosion, it must be ensured that not all necessary components appear at the same time. While the presence of an explosive atmosphere is to be prevented with primary explosion protection, the aim of secondary explosion protection is to avoid ignition sources. For the different ways in which the ignition sources can be prevented, different types of protection have been defined, which are described in various international and European standards. These are also used within the guidelines of the European Community.
For the various applications, a distinction is made between types of protection for gas and dust atmospheres and for electrical and mechanical equipment.
The following types of protection are available:
for electrical equipment in gas
- Intrinsic safety Ex i
- Flameproof enclosure Ex d
- Increased safety Ex e
- Pressurized enclosure Ex p
- Oil encapsulation Ex o
- Encapsulation Ex m
- Sand encapsulation Ex q
- Type of protection for Zone 2 Ex n
- Special type of protection Ex s
for electrical equipment in dust
- Pressurized enclosure Ex pD
- Intrinsic safety Ex iD
- Encapsulation Ex mD
- Protection by Ex tD housing
for non-electrical equipment
- Protection through vapor-inhibiting encapsulation Ex fr
- Flameproof enclosure Ex d
- Intrinsic safety Ex g
- Constructive safety Ex c
- Ignition source monitoring Ex b
- Pressurized enclosure Ex p
- Liquid encapsulation Ex k
The design and construction conditions for the individual types of protection are described in standards.
literature
- W. Gohm: Explosion protection in MSR technology - guidelines for the user. Hüthig, Heidelberg 2006, ISBN 3-7785-4005-X .
- M. Kräft: Explosion protection with flame arresters. 2nd Edition. Mackensen, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-926535-53-5 .
- E. Lienenklaus, K. Wettingfeld: Electrical explosion protection according to DIN VDE 0165. 2nd edition. VDE-Verlag, Berlin / Offenbach 2001, ISBN 3-8007-2410-3