Étienne Drioton

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Étienne Marie Felix Drioton (born November 21, 1889 in Nancy , † January 17, 1961 in Montgeron ) was a French Catholic clergyman and Egyptologist . He was curator for Egyptian antiquities at the Louvre and general director of the Egyptian antiquities administration in Cairo .

Memorial plaque on the house where he was born, Nancy, 82 rue Stanislas

Life

Drioton made his Abitur (Baccalauréat) in 1905 at the Lycée Saint-Sigisbert with a focus on ancient Greek literature and philosophy and entered the seminary in Nancy, where he was ordained a priest in 1912. He then studied in Rome at the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas and at the Gregoriana . In 1914 he received his licentiate in biblical studies and in 1918 his diploma in Egyptology and Coptic language at the Ècole libre des langues orientales of the Institut catholique de Paris . There he became professor of Egyptian and Coptic philology in 1919 and from 1926 also worked in the Louvre with Charles Boreux . In 1929 he worked for the Institut français d'archéologie orientale in the excavations in Al-Madamud by Georges Foucart (1865–1943) (editing the inscriptions). In 1936 he was appointed General Director of Egyptian Antiquities by the Egyptian government to succeed Pierre Lacau . He stayed that way until 1952, when he was also professor of Egyptology at Cairo University . In 1952 he became head of the Egyptian department at the Louvre and director of the CNRS . In 1957 he became a professor at the Collège de France .

He was one of the most famous Egyptologists of his time. His discoveries included evidence of theater in ancient Egypt, mostly the dramatic implementation of mythological texts by priests, which took place in temples on feast days and were accompanied by song and dance. However, an independent theater building could not be found, and Drioton's assumption that there were independent theater troupes that moved about is now considered to be uncertain. He also dealt with encrypted ( cryptographic ) hieroglyphic texts. In addition to Egyptology, he also dealt with Coptic studies.

When the Nag Hammadi writings were found in 1945 , it was not least thanks to his quick and decisive action that the majority of the documents could be secured by the Egyptian state. In 1949 he negotiated the purchase of most of the fonts owned by the numismatist Dattari's daughter.

His library came to the Strasbourg University Library in 1961. In 2007 a plaque was placed on the house where he was born in Nancy.

He was a Knight of the Legion of Honor , Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres , received the Iranian Order of the Crown and the Order of the Oak Crown in Egypt. Since 1949 he was a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences .

Fonts

  • with Henri Sotta's Introduction à l'étude des hiéroglyphes , Librairie orientaliste Paul Geuthner, 1922
  • Cours de grammaire égyptienne , Paris 1919
  • with Jacques Vandier : Les Peuples de l'Orient Méditerranéen: l'Égypte , Paris, 1938
  • with Jacques Vandier: L'Égypte - Des origines à la conquête d'Alexandre , PUF, 1938
  • Le Musée Egyptien. Souvenir de la visite de Son Altesse Impériale le Prince Héritier d'Iran , Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte, Cairo, 1939.
  • Visit to Thèbes. Souvenir de la visite de Son Altesse Impériale le Prince Héritier d'Iran , Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte, Cairo, 1939, 1951.
  • with Jean-Philippe Lauer , “The monuments of Zoser: Sakkarah,” Imprimerie de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, Cairo, 1939.
  • Croyances et coutumes funéraires de l'ancienne Égypte , Cairo, 1943.
  • Les fêtes égyptiennes , Éditions de la Revue du Caire, Cairo, 1944.
  • Le jugement des âmes dans l'ancienne Égypte , Édition de la Revue du Caire, Cairo, 1949.
  • Egyptian Art, Golden Griffin Books, 1951.
  • L'Égypte , Les peuples de l'Orient méditerranéen II , Presses Universitaires de France, 1952.
  • L'Égypte pharaonique , 1959
  • with Pierre du Bourguet Les Pharaons à la conquête de l'art , Paris: Desclée de Brouwer, 1965

literature

  • Michèle Juret: Étienne Drioton. L'Égypte, une passion , Ed. Gérard Louis 2013
  • WR Dawson, EP Uphill: Who was who in Egyptology , London 1972

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Drioton Ce que l'on sait du théâtre égyptien , Éditions de la Revue du Caire, Cairo 1925; Drioton The theater egyptienne , Cairo 1942; Drioton Le théâtre dans l'ancienne Égypte , Revue d'histoire du théâtre, Vol. 1-2, 1954, pp. 7-45; Drioton La plus ancienne pièce du théâtre egyptien , Ed. de la Revue de Caire, 1960
  2. ^ Hermann Schlögl , Theater , In: Lexikon der Ägyptologie Vol.?, S. ??.
  3. ^ Drioton Essai sur la cryptographie privée de la fin de la XVIIIe dynastie , Revue d'egyptologie, Volume 1, 1933, pp. 1-50; Drioton Recueil de cryptographie monumentale , Annales du service des antiquités de l'egypte, Volume 40, 1940, pp. 305-429; Drioton L'écriture enigmatique du Livre du Jour et de la Nuit , in Alexandre Piankoff Le Livre du Jour et de la Nuit , Cairo 1942, pp. 83-121
  4. ↑ Werner Ekschmitt Das Gedächtnis der Völker , Heyne, Munich 19 ??, p. 340.
  5. ↑ Drioton Collection ( Memento from December 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Member entry by Étienne Drioton (with a link to an obituary) at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on January 27, 2017.
personal data
SURNAME Drioton, Etienne
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Drioton, Etienne Marie Felix
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French Catholic clergyman and Egyptologist
DATE OF BIRTH November 21, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Nancy
DATE OF DEATH 17th January 1961
Place of death Montgeron