Ф
The Ef ( ф and Ф ) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet . His pronunciation in all Cyrillic written languages is usually [ f ] (or palatalised [ f ]), so a voiceless labiodental fricative . When transliterating and transcribing into the Latin alphabet , it is always represented with f .
history
The ф (on the left in an old font) was created directly from the Greek letter Phi (Φ φ) (more precisely: from the Greek uncial script , to which today's Greek capital letter Φ goes back).
In Slavic , for the Cyrillic alphabet was created, there was no phoneme / f / , therefore, this letter was first exclusively Greek foreign - or loanwords used. Later, the Slavic languages also borrowed words with f from other languages , for example from Latin , German , French, among others, in words with Slavic etymology the letter f does not appear to this day (with the exception of interjections such as Russian тьфу (t ' fu) 'ugh', which onomatopoetically reproduces the sound of spitting).
Glagolitic
In the Glagolitic script , this letter looked quite exactly like in the Greek and Cyrillic: 
; also in the Croatian , angular writing: 
(form of distinction:) 
. This is one of the relatively few letters in the Glagolitic alphabet that - apparently later - was borrowed directly from the Greek alphabet in order to be able to write Greek foreign words .
Numerical value
In the Cyrillic number system , the ф , like the Greek phi , stands for 500 . It happens that the Glagolitic has the same value .
Surname
In modern Slavic languages the letter ф is read as [ fə ] (especially Bulgarian ) or [ ɛf ] (including Russian , Ukrainian , Belarusian ) when spelling .
In Church Slavonic , however, it has the traditional name "фрътъ" ( frьtь , original Slavic * fьrtь [ fərtə ]). According to Trunte this name could be derived from the Greek word form φέρ (ε) τε / fér (e) te 'carries! go back. Accordingly, the Glagolitic letter did not originally ф [ f ] , but one of educated Greeks may still spoken aspirated [ p ] denotes.
Character encoding
| default | Uppercase Ф | Minuscule ф | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode | Codepoint | U + 0424 | U + 0444 |
| Surname | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EF | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF | |
| UTF-8 | D0 A4 | D1 84 | |
| XML / XHTML | decimal |
Ф
|
ф
|
| hexadecimal |
Ф
|
ф
|
|
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cf. Nicolina Trunte: Rьci slovo tvrьdo. A tongue twister for slaves? In: Miloš Okuka , Ulrich Schweier (Hrsg.): Germano-Slavistic contributions. Festschrift for Peter Rehder on the occasion of his 65th birthday (= Die Welt der Slaven. Anthologies 21). Sagner, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-87690-874-4 , pp. 287-294.
