1253

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1253
The Lithuanian Grand Duke Mindaugas receives the royal crown.	Ottokar II Přemysl becomes King of Bohemia .
1253 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	701/702 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1245/46
Buddhist calendar	1796/97 (southern Buddhism); 1795/96 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	65th (66th) cycle Year of the water buffalo癸丑 ( at the beginning of the year water rat 壬子)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	615/616 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	631/632
Islamic calendar	650/651 (turn of the year March 2/3)
Jewish calendar	5013/14 (August 25-26)
Coptic calendar	969/970
Malayalam calendar	428/429
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1563/64 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1564/65 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1291
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1309/10 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Maritime Republics

Renier Zens coat of arms

• January 25 : Renier Zen is elected Doge of Venice . He succeeds Marino Morosini , who died on January 1st .

• The Republic of Genoa established a base in Safi in what is now Morocco .

Imperial Italy and Kingdom of Sicily

• October 10th : King Conrad IV. Conquers the city of Naples on his Italian expedition , which initially refused to obey him. He slowly succeeds in consolidating his rule over the Kingdom of Sicily .

Flemish War of Succession

• July 4th : An army of knights from the Lower Rhine under Florens the Vogt defeats a Franco-Flemish army under Guido I from the Dampierre house in the battle of Westkapelle . Almost all Franco-Flemish knights and princes are captured and have to pay ransom for their release. The Dampierre family then fell on the defensive in the Flemish War of Succession . The German rival king Wilhelm von Holland declares Margarete von Flanders on July 11th of the Namur and Hainaut for loss. However, this succeeds in finding Karl von Anjou , the brother of the French King Louis IX , who is on a crusade in the Holy Land . to win for her cause by promising him Hainaut, which she had lost anyway. He confronts John and Baldwin of Avesnes and takes Valenciennes and Mons , but avoids a meeting with King Wilhelm.

Other events in the Holy Roman Empire

• July 17 : On the Lippebrücke in Werne establish Dortmund , Soest , Munster and Lippstadt the so-called " Werner Bund ". This Westphalian city federation becomes a forerunner of the Städtehanse .
• July 22nd : With Albert III. the last Count of Tyrol from the House of Tyrol dies without male descendants. He is inherited by his son-in-law Meinhard I of Gorizia and Istria , who thus established the Meinhardin family in Tyrol . Another son-in-law of Albert, a Count von Hirschberg , inherits the northern part of Tyrol.
• September 23 : After the death of Wenceslas I , his son is . Premysl Otakar II King of Bohemia , who from his marriage to Margaret of Babenberg claims on the legacy of extinct in the male line Babenberger rises. His express goal is also the imperial dignity of the Holy Roman Empire . The Hungarian King Béla IV felt threatened by this increase in power in the neighboring empire and, together with the Wittelsbach Duke Otto II of Bavaria and the Senior Duke Bolesław V of Poland from the House of the Piasts, took action against Ottokar.
• November 29 : After the death of Duke Otto II , his sons Ludwig II and Heinrich XIII take over . for the time being joint rulership over the Duchy of Bavaria and the Palatinate County near the Rhine .

Eastern Europe

• July 6th : The Lithuanian Grand Duke Mindaugas receives the royal crown.

Asia

The route of Wilhelm von Rubruks (green)

• May 7th : The Flemish Franciscan Wilhelm von Rubruk breaks on behalf of the French King Louis IX. together with a friar, an interpreter and a servant from Constantinople on a trip to Central Asia and the Far East . His destination is the Mongolian capital Karakoram , where he will arrive on December 27th . One goal of his trip is to persuade Great Khan Möngke to support western Christianity in the fight against Islam and in the attempt to recapture the Holy Land.

• The Mongols conquer the Kingdom of Dali .

City rights and first documentary mentions

• July 12 : Margrave Johann I of Brandenburg gives the place Frankfurt (Oder) , the town charter . On July 14 a complementary certificate is issued, the city of the future Vrankenvorde the sole settlement rights in their radius and more land and the right of or assures.

• First documentary mention of Riniken , Waldenburg and Neu Baumburg
• Glogau receives city ​​rights .
• Nordhausen becomes a free imperial city .
• Kroppenstedt receives city rights.

economy

• January 22nd : Due to a permit from Henry III. the Scarborough Fair , held annually from August 15th to September 29th, is born.

science and technology

• Robert von Sorbon founds the Collège de Sorbonne in Paris .

Culture and society

• The Bucintoro , the ship of state on whose board the Doge of Venice is, leads the Festa della Sensa in Venice for the first time , in which the entire Signoria takes part.

• around 1253: Count Rudolf von Habsburg marries Gertrud von Hohenberg .

religion

Buddhism

→ Main article : Buddhism in Japan

• January: The Japanese Zen master Dōgen completes his main work Shōbōgenzō , the central script for the followers of Sōtō -Zen. In it he describes, among other things, the meditation technique of Shikantaza .
• April 28th : According to tradition, the Japanese monk Nichiren recites the mantra Nam (u) Myōhō Renge Kyō for the first time and thus lays the foundation for Nichiren Buddhism .

Kenchō-ji Sammon

• The Kenchō-ji , a Buddhist main temple of the Rinzai school of Japanese Zen in Kamakura , is being built by the fifth Hōjō - Shikken , Hōjō Tokiyori , with the support of the Go-Fukakusa -tennō and named after the current government motto Kenchō .

Christianity

• August 8 : Pope Innocent IV visits Clare of Assisi on her deathbed.
• August 9th : The Pope confirms the rule of the Poor Clares with the papal bull Solet annuere . The order, founded in 1212 , now has 150 convents.

• The Himmelpforten monastery in the Harz Mountains is founded.

Born

Exact date of birth unknown

• around October 17th : Ivo Hélory , Breton priest and official of the Diocese of Tréguier († 1303 )

• Amir Chosrau , Persian-speaking poet and musicologist from India († 1325 )
• Beatrix von Falkenburg , wife of the Roman-German King Richard of Cornwall († 1277 )
• Blanche , French princess and founder of a monastery († 1323 )
• Johann II , Count of Holstein-Kiel († 1321 )
• Nikō , Japanese Buddhist monk and temple founder († 1314 )
• Stefan Uroš II Milutin , King of Raszien, the coastal lands and all Serbs († 1321 )

Born around 1253

• around 1253: Dinus de Rossonis Mugellanus , Italian legal scholar († between 1298 and 1303)

• 1252/1253 : Amadeus V , Count of Savoy

Died

First half of the year

Marino Morosini's grave

• January 1st : Marino Morosini , Doge of Venice (* 1181 )
• January 13 : Johann von Diepholz , Bishop of Minden (* around 1175 )

• March 12 : Fina , saint of the Roman Catholic Church (* 1238 )
• April 3 : Richard of Chichester , Bishop of Chichester (* 1197 / 98 )
• April 5 : Wilbrand von Käfernburg , Archbishop of Magdeburg (* around 1180 )
• April 22nd : Elias of Cortona , second general minister of the Franciscans (* around 1180 )

• May 25th : Petrus de Collemedio , Catholic Bishop and Cardinal, Archbishop of Rouen
• June 3 : Margaret de Beaumont, 7th Countess of Warwick , English noblewoman (* before 1220 )
• June 12 : . Boniface II , Marquis of Monferrato and titular king of Thessaloniki (* 1202 / 03 )

Second half of the year

• July 8th : Theobald I , King of Navarre and Count of Champagne (* 1201 )
• July 13 : Amadeus IV. , Count of Maurienne and Savoy (* 1197 )
• July 22nd : Albert III. , Count of Tyrol and Vogt of Trient and Brixen (* around 1180 )

Reliquary of St. Clare in St. Jakobus in Rüdesheim am Rhein

• 11 August : Clare of Assisi , foundress of the Poor Clares and saints of the Catholic Church (* 1193 / 94 )
• September 14th : Ulrich von Ortenburg , Bishop of Gurk (* 1188 )

Wenceslas tombstone in Staré Město (Prague)

• September 23 : Wenceslaus I , King of Bohemia (* around 1205 )

• before October 7th: William de Vesci , English nobleman (* around 1205 )
• October 9 : Robert Grosseteste , English theologian and philosopher, Bishop of Lincoln and teacher of Roger Bacon (* before 1170 )
• October 31 : Wilhelm , Bishop of Cammin

• November 16 : Agnes of Assisi , Poor Clare and sister of Saint Clare (* 1197 / 98 )
• November 29 : Otto II , Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatine near the Rhine (* 1206 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Late summer: Dōgen , Japanese Zen master (* 1200 )

• Albero II von Polheim , first district judge of Austria on the Enns
• Christian II von Bolanden , Archbishop of Mainz (* 1179 )
• Helen ferch Llywelyn , cambro-Norman noblewoman in Wales (* around 1207 )
• Hermann I von Holte , abbot of the Corvey Benedictine Abbey
• Meinhard von Kranichfeld , Bishop of Halberstadt (* around 1200 )
• Nikolaus von Nauen , Bishop of Riga
• Mathilde von Vianden , German noblewoman

Died around 1253

• Vykintas , prince of Shamaites

Web links

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