Acanthodrilidae

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Acanthodrilidae
Acanthodrilus in comparison with crassiclitellates of other families: A Lumbricus (Lumbricidae), B Acanthodrilus (Acanthodrilidae), C Perichaeta (Megascolecidae), D Urochaeta (Glossoscolecidae). Encyclopædia Britannica 1911, Chaetopoda, Fig. 10.

Acanthodrilus in comparison with crassiclitellates of other families: A  Lumbricus  ( Lumbricidae ), B  Acanthodrilus  (Acanthodrilidae), C  Perichaeta  ( Megascolecidae ), D  Urochaeta  ( Glossoscolecidae ). Encyclopædia Britannica 1911, Chaetopoda , Fig. 10.

Systematics
Over trunk : Lophotrochozoa (Lophotrochozoa)
Trunk : Annelids (Annelida)
Class : Belt worms (Clitellata)
Subclass : Little bristle (Oligochaeta)
Order : Earthworms in the broader sense (Crassiclitellata)
Family : Acanthodrilidae
Scientific name
Acanthodrilidae
Claus , 1880

Acanthodrilidae is the name of a family of little bristles in the order of Crassiclitellata (earthworms in the broader sense) that are common in North America , South America , Africa , Asia and Oceania .

features

The Acanthodrilidae have a cylindrical body with dorsal pores. There are 4 pairs on each segment, less often 5 or 6 pairs or, in exceptional cases, numerous bristles .

The esophagus usually forms 1 to 3 gizzards , while there are no gizzards in the midgut. The intestinal canal also has calcified glands. The closed blood vessel system of the Acanthodrilidae often has a similarly constructed supra-oesophageal vessel in the front part of the body next to the back vessel. The large nephridia are well developed.

The clitellum the hybrid is ring-shaped or saddle-shaped, and occupies up to 7 segments between the 12th and the 18th segment. 6 A pubertal tubercle is absent, but genital papillae or porophores are generally present. The pair of male genital orifices are located in the 18th segment on the posterior margin or within the clitellum. The tubular prostates have a central canal and lead outward in 1 or 2 pairs of exits in the 17th and / or 19th segment. Sometimes on the 17th or 19th segment the male genital orifices can also sit at the same time with only one pair of prostate exits; exceptionally, the latter can also be located further back. The receptacula seminis usually have blind sacs (are therefore diverticulate).

Distribution, habitat and way of life

The Acanthodrilidae are in North America , South America , Africa south of the Sahara , South East Asia , Australasia and the islands of Oceania common. Like other crassiclitellates, they are soil dwellers in the country, live less often in freshwater soils and, as an exception, also on beaches and coastlines . As substrate eater, they digest the organic components of the ingested substrate.

Genera

The Acanthodrilidae family has over 20 genera :

literature

  • Carl Claus : Principles of Zoology: For Scientific Use, Volume 1. NG Elwert, Marburg (Lahn) 1880. Acanthodrilidae, p. 479.
  • Reginald William Sims (1981): A classification and the distribution of earthworms, suborder Lumbricina (Haplotaxida: Oligochaeta). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series 39 (2), pp. 103-124, here pp. 112f.