Adrien Marquet
Adrien Theodore Ernest Marquet (born October 6, 1884 in Bordeaux ; † February 3, 1955 ibid) was a French socialist politician of the Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière (SFIO) and mayor of his hometown for 19 years. In 1934 he was a member of the Gaston Doumergue government and Minister of State and in 1940 Minister of the Interior of the Philippe Pétain and Pierre Laval government . The first French politician who in terms of the war opponents of necessary cooperation was Marquet (collaboration) spoke.
Life
Marquet was already a licensed dentist at the age of 22, but besides his profession he was very interested in politics. In 1912 he was elected to the city council of his hometown and shortly afterwards deputy to the Chamber of Deputies. In 1924 he was also deputy to the Cartel des Gauches , which rose to the popular front in the mid-1930s . From 1925 to 1944 Marquet was mayor of Bordeaux.
His great merit is the elevation of the city to a major city. Under the name "Marquet Plan", he managed to get rid of unemployment through considerable building measures from 1934 onwards to revive urban construction activity. The architect Jacques D'Welles (1883–1970) was primarily responsible for the implementation and created the so-called Architecture Art déco à Bordeaux , a post-Art Nouveau style. This is characterized by simple structures and lines as well as innovative building materials such as concrete .
Adrien Marquet became an important confidante of Otto Abetz in 1937 , who was Germany's ambassador in occupied France from August 1940 to 1944. Abetz, a Francophile National Socialist , managed among French intellectuals and politicians that Marquet, as Bordeaux's deputy, was persuaded to surrender without resistance. Bordeaux, the important French port city on the Atlantic, was demilitarized on his command before the German advance in June 1940, and later he was one of the proponents of an armistice. Even when the city was liberated from the Wehrmacht , neither people nor buildings were damaged.
In September 1940 he refused the resistance, advocated cooperation with Nazi Germany and made this public, especially in the newspaper Le Progrès de Bordeaux, which he founded himself . The town hall hosted the anti-Semitic traveling exhibition Le Juif et la France (The Eternal Jew) in 1942 . During his tenure, Marquet showed no effort to support Jewish citizens. During the occupation a total of 1,681 Jews were arrested in Bordeaux. Likewise, in 1944 there were no objections to the deportation of his former deputy Joseph Benzacar, who was killed in Auschwitz and after whom a street in Bordeaux was later named.
In 1948 Marquet was sentenced to ten years in prison for "national humiliation" ( French indignité nationale ); the term was later reduced to five years. During a public appearance for an election campaign in a sports arena in the heart of the city, his life ended on April 3, 1955 with a heart attack .
State Offices
On June 23, 1940, he was appointed Minister of State, a new ministerial office under Philippe Pétain. In a cabinet reshuffle that took place four days later, Charles Pomaret (1897-1984) took over the Ministry of the Interior . In contrast to other ministers, he had not taken an active part in the national revolution, but had taken part in the ousting of the prefects who were considered too close to the republican left.
This appointment is thanks to the friendship with Pierre Laval. Adrien Marquet said on the radio:
“Nous sommes dans les décombres du régime capitaliste, libéral et parlementaire… Il faut concilier les points de vue allemand et français; de cette collaboration dépend le return à la vie normal. "
"We escaped in the ruins of capitalism, the liberal and parliamentary ... You have to reconcile the positions of the Germans and French, the return to a normal life depends on this cooperation."
literature
- Hubert Bonin, Bernard Lachaise, Françoise Taliano des Garets et al .: Adrien Marquet, les dérives d'une ambition . Editions Confluences, Bordeaux 2007, ISBN 978-2-35527-005-5
- Charles Bloch : The Third French Republic. Development and struggle of a parliamentary democracy (1870–1940) . Koehler, Stuttgart 1972
Web links
- Biography extraite du dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1889 à 1940 (Jean Jolly) and biography extraite du dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1940 à 1958 (La documentation française) , at Assemblée nationale (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Biography on the National Assembly page
- ^ Valérie Bougault: Bordeaux couleur Art Déco Signature . December 2, 2008
- ^ Adrien Marquet, François Mauriac, Jacques D'Welles: Bordeaux dans la nation française . Éditions Delmas, Bordeaux, December 1939
- ^ Literature by and about Joseph Benzacar in the bibliographic database WorldCat
- ↑ Brigitte Vital-Durand: Bordeaux, July 1, 1940, 23 hours, l'horloge passe à l'heure allemande. Liberation Événement, October 8, 1997
- ↑ Anonymous, Justes et Persécutés durant la période Nazie dans les communes de France
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Marquet, Adrien |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Marquet, Adrien Theodore Ernest |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 6, 1884 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Bordeaux |
| DATE OF DEATH | 3rd February 1955 |
| Place of death | Bordeaux |