al-Māʾida
Al-Māʾida ( Arabic المائدة 'The table') is the 5th sura of the Koran . It has 120 verses , making it the twelfth longest sura. It was revealed in Medina . In chronological order it is the 114th and last sura of the Koran . The title of the sura refers to its 114th verse, which presumably refers to the Miraculous Multiplication of the Bread and the Lord's Supper .
In Sura 5: 3 a relationship is established between Islam and the Arabic term Dīn , which has the meaning of “religion”, but also has the connotation of “guilt”: “I have chosen Islam as a religion for you”. According to Islamic tradition , this verse was revealed on the farewell pilgrimage of Muhammad in the ʿArafāt plain .
Sura 5: 6 contains the revelation of the rules of purity. These are controversial in the context of al-Mash ʿalā l-chuffain .
The Koran tells in the sura among other things the story of Cain and Abel without naming their names, whereby the inestimable value of human life is underlined (sura 5: 27–31).
Al-walāʾ wal-barāʾa is a legal term and a Muslim principle in dealing with followers of other religions. Sura 5:51 is often used as a reason.
“You believers! Do not take the Jews and the Christians as friends! They are friends with one another (but not with you). If one of you joins them, he belongs to them (and no longer to the community of believers). God does not guide the wicked people rightly. "
A far less radical and less ambiguous translation is the Saudi Arabic. The term awliya has more to do with ally (حلفاء) than with friend (صديق sadiq or صاحب sahib). It would also make little sense to forbid friendship with Christians and Jews, but to allow them in Sura 5.5 to enjoy their food and to marry the honorable women of Christians and Jews.
"Oh you, who believe! Do not take the Jews and the Christians as protectors. They are protectors of one another. And whoever takes them from you as protectors, he truly belongs to them. Verily, Allah does not guide the unrighteous people. "
Verse 5:32 paraphrases and comments on the Mishnah (220 AD), Tractate Sanhedrin : “For this reason We have prescribed to the children of Isrāʾīl : Whoever kills a human being without (having committed) murder or on earth Has done harm, it is as if he had killed all people. And whoever keeps it alive is like keeping everyone alive. Our messengers have already come to them with clear evidence. After that, however, many of them truly remained immeasurably on earth. "
Verse 5:56 contains the term حزب الله / Ḥizbu 'llāh in the sense of "Party of God" and appears accordingly on the Hezbollah flag :وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَإِنَّ حِزْبَ اللهِ هُمُ الْغَالِبُونَ (Whoever takes God and his messengers and those who believe as friends (belongs to them): The party of God is the victorious).
Sura 5: 90-92 describes wine and gambling as "the abominations of Satan's work". See also prohibition of alcohol in Islam .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Online Qoran Project (OQP): Al-Maaida (Sura 5)
- ^ Adel Theodor Khoury : The Koran. Translated and commented by Adel Theodor Khoury. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2007, ISBN 978-3-579-08023-9 , p. 161.
- ↑ quran.al-islam.com
- ↑ Cf. Babylonian Talmud , Mischnatraktat 4.4, Sanhedrin 37a: "Why was one human being created to be the father of all families on earth? To teach us that whoever kills a person is as if he were destroying a world. To save a person is like saving a world. "
- ↑ Chajm Guski: Who a single person ... - Sanhedrin 37a . talmud.de. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
- ↑ Tzvee Zahavy: Babylonian Talmud: Tractate Sanhedrin . Halakhah.com. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
- ↑ Cf. also Jerusalem Talmud , Sanhedrin 23a-b: “Whoever destroys a single soul destroys the whole world. And whoever saves a single soul saves the whole world "
- ↑ Ron Wolfson: Making a difference . Jewish general. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
- ↑ Jens Heisterkamp: Conversation about Islam and terrorism . Info3 publishing company Brüll & Heisterkamp. Archived from the original on March 17, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
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