Alas (administrative office)

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Alas administrative office
Alas (Administrative Office) (East Timor)
Red pog.svg
Wetlands and grasslands in Suco Uma Berloic.
Administrative headquarters Alas
surface 406.44 km²
population 7,884 (2010)
Sucos Population (2010)
Aituha 734
Dotik 1,922
Maha Quidan 1,983
Taitudac 1,788
Uma Berloic 1,457
Overview map
Administrative division of Manufahi
Location of the Manufahi municipality

Alas is an East Timorese administrative office ( Portuguese Posto Administrativo ) in the municipality of Manufahi . The seat of the administration is in Suco Maha-Quidan in the place Alas .

geography

Alas is in the center of the Manufahi community

Until 2014, the administrative offices were still referred to as sub-districts . Before the 2015 territorial reform, Alas had an area of ​​406.96 km². Now there are 406.44 km².

Alas is divided into five sucos : Aituha , Dotik (Dotic), Maha-Quidan, Taitudac and Uma Berloic (Uma Berloik). The Southern Lacló , which flows through the Alas plain and flows into the Timor Sea, is the largest river in Manufahi. In the center of Alas, east of the town of Alas, it forms a large lake with several islands when there is a tributary. A large part of the eastern border to the Fatuberlio administrative office , which extends north of Alas, is followed by the Clerec . Shortly before its mouth, it forms the Lagoa Mapliu . On both sides of Lacló and Clerec there are a number of other lagoons in the estuary. The Cape Ponta Metibot, the southernmost point of Alas , is located a little east of the mouth of the Quelun , to the west of which lies the administrative office Same .

  • Climate data

  • Annual rainfall (2000)

  • Average annual temperature (2000)

Residents

The administrative office of Alas has 7884 inhabitants (2015), of which 4076 are men and 3808 women. The population density is 19.4 inhabitants / km². The largest language group is made up of the speakers of Tetum Terik , a dialect of the official Tetum language . The average age is 17.5 years (2010, 2004: 17.4 years).

history

Empire of Alas

Alas was one of the traditional kingdoms of Timor, ruled by a liurai . It appears on a list by Afonso de Castro , a former governor of Portuguese Timor who listed 47 empires in 1868. The Dominican Manuel de Santo António succeeded in converting the Liurai of Alas around 1700. In 1761/62 Dom José, the Liurai von Alas, was part of the government council of the colony, which directed the fortunes of Portuguese Timor after the expulsion of Governor Sebastião de Azevedo e Brito . However, Dom José was killed in the process.

During the rebellion in Cová (1868 to 1871) Alas supported the Portuguese colonial power with its own warriors. During the Manufahi rebellion (1911/1912) , Alas was on the side of the rebels. The Liurai Dom Januário was killed in the fighting in 1912. Carlos Borromeu Duarte , son of the Liurais of Deribate in what is now Hatulia , was appointed by the Portuguese as his successor . He was murdered by the Japanese in 1945 during the occupation of Timor . His widow Maria Borromeu Duarte took over the rule until January 1952, Januário da Costa Franco, great-great-nephew of Dom Carlos and administrative clerk in Maubisse , became the new Liurai. José Borromeu Duarte, the son of Dom Carlos, followed in 1974 as Liurai. His brother Alexandrino Borromeo was President of the Government (Bupati) of Manufahi during the Indonesian occupation from May 1976 to 1985 . His son Carlos Boromeu Duarte became Liurai von Alas in 1997. Carlos had to flee to West Timor during the crisis in East Timor in 1999 . After East Timor's independence , his older sister Alexandrina Borromeu Duarte was named the new Liurai in 2002 by José Borromeu Duarte and Lian Nain . She had spent the occupation with her children and husband, a Portuguese customs officer, in Portugal from 1996 onwards. Alexandrina's coronation only took place in 2009.

Uma Lulik of the ruling clan of Alas
Ruler of Alas
  • Dom Miguel Tavares (1703-1726)
  • Dom Miguel da Silva (1730–1731)
  • Dom José Rodrigues Pereira (1760–1762)
  • Dom Bernardo Pinto da Costa (around 1769)
  • Dona Liberata da Costa (1815)
  • Dona Guiomar da Costa Pinto (1854)
  • Dom Bernardo Doutel Sarmento (1874)
  • Dom Sebastião Macedo da Costa (1885)
  • Cathedral Januário (? -1912)
  • Dom Carlos Borromeu Duarte (1912–1945) (son of Dom José von Deribate)
  • Dona Maria Borromeu Duarte (1945–1952) (widow; daughter of Dom Afonso von Bibissuço)
  • Dom Januário da Costa Franco (1952–1973) (great-great-nephew of Dom José von Deribate)
  • Dom José Borromeu Duarte (1974–1997) (son of Dom Carlos Borromeu Duarte)
  • Carlos Boromeu Duarte (1997–1999) (nephew)
  • Alexandrina Borromeu Duarte (since 2002) (sister of the predecessor)

Alas during the Indonesian occupation

On August 27, 1975 during the killing civil war fighters of the UDT in massacre Wedauberek eleven FRETILIN -Unterstützer in Suco Maha-Quidan. The FRETILIN supporters were captured on August 11th, some belonged to the FRETILIN youth organization UNETIM. When it was learned that FRETILIN fighters were approaching, the prisoners from Same were taken to the Meti Oan and killed there. One of the victims was Domingos Lobato, President of UNETIM and brother of Nicolau and Rogério Lobato .

In 1976 Alas was a retreat for the FALINTIL , who fought against the Indonesian invaders. Here she founded the base de apoio Centro Sul, a resistance base that offered refuge for refugees from Manatuto , Same, Dili , Liquiçá , Ermera , Aileu and Ainaro . In 1978 more refugees from Turiscai joined them. In August 1978 the base was attacked by the Indonesians. Many civilians also died from fighting and starvation during the three-month siege. Thousands of East Timorese had to surrender or were captured and interned in military camps in Betano , Selihassan , Same, Uma Metan ( German  Black House , a temporary camp 400 meters south of Alas) and Lebos (a temporary camp two kilometers southwest of Alas). Another "resettlement camp" was in Besusu (Suco Uma Berloic ). The internees also came from other regions of East Timor, such as Same, Fatuberlio, Turiscai, Maubisse , Aileu , Soibada and Natarbora . In Uma Metan alone 8,000 people lived at times. The only water point was 500 meters away and each person only got one small can of corn to eat per week. Leaving the camp to look for food or to create gardens was forbidden. According to a testimony, five to six people died of starvation a day. Others suffered from diseases such as tuberculosis, beriberi or diarrhea. There was no medical care. Executions of those involved in the resistance were also common. The sick died. On the orders of the soldiers, the internees built a village hall and a school. In the school, the soldiers taught the Indonesian language . However, the school was basically only for young women, so in reality it quickly became a center of rape by army personnel. According to local people, around 2,000 people are said to be buried in mass graves in Uma Metan. Uma Metan and Lebos were also important military bases of the Indonesians in the fight against the resistance in the mountains of Manufahi. Units from Airborne Battalion 700, Battalions 745 and 310 and the Kopassandha special unit were stationed here. In addition, Alas was the headquarters of the Sub- District Territorial Command (Koramil) and Civil Defense ( Hansip ).

In 1979 people fled the as yet unoccupied areas before attacks by the Indonesian army to Sarin or Turiscai, which was now in Indonesian hands.

Between 1970 and 1980 the population in Alas fell by 29.0% from 5034 to 3574 inhabitants.

In 1981, the residents of Bubussuso and Fahinehan ( Fatuberlio sub- district ) were forcibly resettled by the Indonesian occupiers to Dotik. The new place Weberec was founded for them. The people were suspected of supplying the FALINTIL resistance fighters with food. Since the people of Fatuberlio were only used to their fertile fields as mountain dwellers, they had difficulties in the hot, swampy plains, which led to many deaths.

School burned down by pro-Indonesian militias in Wecian (2000)

On November 9, 1998, FALINTIL forces under the command of Jaime Ribeiro or Cornélio da Conceição Gama (L7) attacked the Koramil headquarters , contrary to the instructions of FALINTIL boss Xanana Gusmão , who during this period of negotiations called for restraint in military action on. Three Indonesian soldiers were killed and 13 captured. Eleven soldiers were later released. Nine FALINTIL fighters were also killed. The Indonesian army soon responded with reprisals. Between November 10 and 16, 1998, the Indonesian armed forces carried out a military operation in the Alas sub-district. On November 13, the Indonesian military attacked the Suco Taitudac and arrested Vicente Xavier, the village chief and four other people. They were taken to Barique and executed there. The commander of the Indonesian troops in East Timor said the village chief was the leading figure behind the FALINTIL action. On November 15th the village of Turin and again Taitudac were attacked by the Indonesian military. Vicente Xavier's two nieces, both teenagers, were arrested and held in solitary confinement at the military headquarters of the then district in Same. Eleven other people were arrested on November 16 by Kopassus in the Sucos Taitudac and Betano. Houses were also burned down in Aituha. Many residents of the attacked villages fled into the woods or sought refuge in Catholic meetinghouses. Those who stayed behind had to struggle with food and water shortages because the Indonesians had destroyed the aqueduct. In total, around 50 residents of the sub-district were executed and 30 others were arrested.

politics

The administrator of the administrative office is appointed by the central government in Dili. In 2014 this was Isabel Cepeda Costa , in 2015 Leopoldo Barreto , who was appointed to this position in 2009. In 2020, Barreto was confirmed as administrator.

economy

53% of households in Alas have coconut palms, 49% grow cassava, 51% corn, 48% vegetables, 43% rice and 27% coffee.

Web links

Commons : Alas  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Direcção-Geral de Estatística : Results of the 2015 census , accessed on November 23, 2016.
  2. ↑ Jornal da República : Diploma Ministerial no 24/2014 de 24 de Julho - Orgânica dos Postos Administrativos ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ a b Direcção Nacional de Estatística: 2010 Census Wall Chart (English) ( Memento from August 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 2.5 MB)
  4. ↑ UNMIT map from August 2008 ( Memento from December 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 523 kB).
  5. ↑ a b Seeds of Life
  6. ↑ Direcção Nacional de Estatística: Census of Population and Housing Atlas 2004 ( Memento of November 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 14.0 MB; English).
  7. ↑ Timor Loro Sae: Um pouco de história ( Memento from 20091217210557)
  8. ^ East Timor - Portuguese Dependency of East Timor ( Memento of February 21, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ^ Artur Teodoro de Matos: D. Frei Manuel de Santo António: missionário e primeiro bispo residente em Timor. Elementos para a sua biografia (1660–1733) ( Memento from May 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (Portuguese).
  10. ↑ Forum Hakesuk: 1769: O onze de agosto na história de Timor-Leste (Portuguese).
  11. ^ Geoffrey C. Gunn: History of Timor. ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Technical University of Lisbon (PDF file; 805 kB). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / pascal.iseg.utl.pt
  12. ↑ a b c História do Reino de Alas: Família Real do Reino de Alas , June 19, 2012 , accessed on December 21, 2018.
  13. ↑ Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo : Os antigos reinos de Timor-Leste (Reys de Lorosay e Reys de Lorotoba, Coronéis e Datos) , pp. 83-6, Tipografia Diocesana Baucau 2011.
  14. ↑ "Part 4: Regime of Occupation" ( Memento of the original from January 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) from the "Chega!" Report by CAVR (English) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cavr-timorleste.org
  15. ↑ Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo : Os antigos reinos de Timor-Leste (Reys de Lorosay e Reys de Lorotoba, Coronéis e Datos) , pp. 83-6, Tipografia Diocesana Baucau 2011.
  16. ↑ “Chapter 7.2 Unlawful Killings and Enforced Disappearances” (PDF; 2.5 MB) from the “Chega!” Report of the CAVR (English).
  17. ↑ a b c d e f "Chapter 7.3 Forced Displacement and Famine" (PDF; 1.3 MB) from the "Chega!" Report of the CAVR (English)
  18. ↑ a b c The Struggle in Iliomar: Resistance in rural East Timor , 2017 , p. 140, accessed July 1, 2019.
  19. ↑ Irena Cristalis : East Timor: A Nation's Bitter Dawn. Zed Books Ltd., 2013, limited preview in Google Book Search.
  20. ↑ ETAN: Killings, Arrests, Disappearances in Alas, East Timor, November 23, 1998.
  21. ^ Ministry of State Administration: Alas , accessed June 19, 2020.
  22. ↑ Ministério da Administração Estatal: Administração Municipal ( Memento from June 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  23. ↑ Jornal da República: Despacho nº 28/2009 / MAEOT , accessed on January 20, 2018.
  24. ↑ Jornal da República: Decisão nº 3502/2020 / CFP , February 18, 2020 , accessed on June 19, 2020.
  25. ↑ Direcção Nacional de Estatística: Suco Report Volume 4 ( Memento of April 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 9.8 MB; English).

Coordinates: 9 ° 1 ′  S , 125 ° 48 ′  E