Camburg Office

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The Camburg office was a territorial administrative unit of the Ernestine duchies . The office belonged to the Albertinians from 1485 to 1547 , then to the Ernestines . From 1572 to 1603 it belonged to the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar , from 1603 to the Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg , from 1672 to the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg , from 1680 to 1707 to the Duchy of Saxe-Eisenberg , then again to Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and since 1826 as an exclave to the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen .

Until the administrative and territorial reform of the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen in 1829 and the associated dissolution, the office formed the spatial reference point for the demand of sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , jurisdiction and army successes .

Geographical location

The Camburg office was in the valley of the middle Saale . The official locations west of the river were on the Ilm-Saale-Platte , the northeastern locations were on the Molauer Platte. The office had two exclaves with Ober- and Untersteusulza an der Ilm and Vierzehnheiligen northwest of Jena . The places Abtlöbnitz and Mollschütz , which belonged to the Electorate / Kingdom of Saxony and from 1815 to Prussia, formed an enclave in the official area.

Today the border between the Free State of Thuringia and the State of Saxony-Anhalt runs through the former official area . The west of the former office today belongs to the Thuringian district of Weimarer Land , the southeast to the Thuringian Saale-Holzland district . The northeastern places belong to the Saxony-Anhalt Burgenland district . The former exclave Vierzehnheiligen is part of the independent city of Jena in Thuringia.

Adjacent administrative units

Situation up to the Congress of Vienna in 1815

The following offices bordered the Camburg office until 1815:

With Abtlöbnitz (Amt Naumburg) and Mollschütz (Amt Tautenburg) there was an enclave belonging to the Electorate and Kingdom of Saxony. The exclave Neusulza was near Sulza an der Ilm between the Saxon-Weimar office of Roßla and Kursachsen. The exclave Vierzehnheiligen lay northeast of Jena between the Saxon-Weimar authorities of Jena, Dornburg and Kapellendorf.

Situation after the Congress of Vienna in 1815 until the office was enlarged in 1826

After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Amt Camburg (without exclaves) bordered the following administrative units:

The enclave Abtlöbnitz and Mollschütz belonged to the Prussian district of Naumburg after 1815. After the Camburg office came to the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen in 1826 with the northern part of the Eisenberg district office bordering to the east, the expanded office bordered the Prussian district of Weißenfels in the east .

history

Care Camburg

In the second half of the 11th century, a branch line of the Wettins took their seat in Camburg, after they had already gained a foothold from their ancestral castle up the hall near Weissenfels . After 1088 a Wilhelm was mentioned in a document as Count von Camburg. He was one of the founding figures of Naumburg Cathedral . Wilhelm von Camburg was the middle son of Count Gero von Brehna (* around 1020; † after 1089) and brother of Günther I von Wettin († 1090, reigned 1079-1090), who had been raised to Bishop of Naumburg . With Wilhelm, the line died out in the male line before 1116 and the county of Camburg fell to the Wettin margrave of Meissen , Konrad the Great (ruled 1123-1156).

Camburg Castle, first mentioned in documents in 1166, served to protect and control the transition between two crossing trade routes across the Saale . For the Margraves of Meißen from the House of Wettin , it was of great importance as a base vis-à-vis the Ludovingian Landgraves of Thuringia. The Wettins had the castle administered by Ministeriale , who belonged to the family of a Gerhard von Camburg. From 1133 to 1190, documents from the Bishop of Naumburg also mentioned representatives of a noble gender who also named themselves after Camburg.

Since Camburg was apparently intended to have a central function for the south-western part of their domain, the Wettins tried to expand the castle settlement, which already existed there in 1149 to the right of the Saale. Camburg Castle was besieged and destroyed several times between the 12th and 14th centuries. It also changed hands several times. The aristocratic Münch family first appeared in a document on June 2, 1311 with Bernardus Monachus de Camburg as the owner of the Camburg estate. The market settlement of Camburg was named as oppidum in 1349 .

The Camburg Office

The original care Camburg included in the 11th / 12th. Century only a few places of the later office of Camburg, but z. B. also the city of Eisenberg and its surroundings. Until the creation of a Wettin office, the ownership structure in the area around Camburg was very differentiated (imperial property, noble free, margrave ministerial, spiritual lords). The city of Camburg and the associated maintenance were administered by pledge holders for several centuries. In 1404, Nicol Puster, a bailiff, appeared for the first time, although he was based in Dornburg . The Wettin offices of Camburg and Dornburg were administered jointly until the 17th century. Camburg Castle was sold to Vitzthume in 1439 and completely destroyed in the Saxon fratricidal war in 1450 by the Saxon Elector Frederick II the Meek (1412–1464), with the exception of the keep .

After multiple, provisional divisions among the Wettins, the division of Leipzig in 1485 led to the final separation into the Albertine and Ernestine lines, in which the offices of Dornburg and Camburg came to the Albertines. A closed Camburg official area can only be found after the introduction of the Reformation (1539). The Saxon hereditary princess Elisabeth von Rochlitz (1502–1557), born Landgrave of Hesse, received the Albertine offices of Dornburg and Camburg in 1543, after she renounced her Wittum (offices of Rochlitz and Kriebstein ) assigned in 1537 .

After the Wittenberg surrender , the offices of Dornburg and Camburg were handed over to the Ernestines in 1547. When Erfurt was divided in 1572, they came to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar and when it was divided in 1603 to the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg . After the older Saxony-Altenburg line died out in 1672, the Dornburg office was assigned to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar when the country was now divided. The Camburg office, however, came to the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha , which has been called Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg since then .

As early as 1680, the area of ​​the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg in the main Gotha recess was divided into seven duchies, so that the Camburg office has belonged to the Duchy of Saxe-Eisenberg since then . Since this ducal line died out again in 1707, its territory fell back to Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. The Camburg office belonged to the “Eisenbergischer Kreis” of the duchy. The rich immediate place Freiroda came after the extinction of the family of Kreutzen in 1774 after lengthy disputes over the territorial sovereignty between the Electorate of Saxony and Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg to the latter, whereby the location of the Office Camburg was assigned.

In 1825/26, after the Saxon-Gotha-Altenburg line had died out, the Ernestine duchies were reorganized . The Camburg office was assigned to the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen through the Hildburghausen partition contract . He was assigned the 15 neighboring places of the northern Eisenberg district office , which were separated from the southern part of the Eisenberg district office by the Bürgel and Tautenburg office belonging to Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach . The southern part of the Eisenberg district office was assigned to the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg .

Successor to the Camburg Office

As part of the reorganization of Saxony-Meiningen state territory, the existing offices were dissolved by 1829 and the judiciary and administration were separated from one another. For the Camburg office, the official business in administrative matters was transferred to the “Camburg Administrative Office” responsible for the Camburg exclave and to the Camburg City and Regional Court in court duties. The administrative office and the two courts remained linked in personal union until 1869 .

In the course of the structural reorganization of the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen, administration and justice were finally separated in 1870. The administrative office of Camburg was incorporated into the Saalfeld district, established in 1868, but retained powers of self-administration due to its remote and territorially separated location. The district court of Camburg took over the jurisdiction .

After the new Free State of Thuringia was founded in 1920 through the amalgamation of the individual Thuringian states , a comprehensive territorial reform was carried out in 1922. From the north of Jena located exclave Camburg, the Saxe-Meiningen had belonged to the district of Saalfeld, which was county department Camburg formed in the adjacent on April 1, 1939 the district Stadtroda was incorporated.

During the territorial reform of 1950 in the GDR , the district of Stadtroda was dissolved, with the area around Camburg coming to the district of Jena . Another territorial reform followed in 1952, in which the state of Thuringia and the district of Jena were dissolved. Successor circles included the Jena-Land , Eisenberg and Stadtroda districts in the Gera district and Naumburg in the Halle district . As a result, a district and district border ran through the historic Camburg administrative area.

In the German reunification in 1990, the circles of the dissolved district Gera were the ländereinführungsgesetz the re-established country Thuringia the circles of the district hall allocated, but the country Saxony-Anhalt , is now one which the historical area of the Office Camburg to both states.

Associated places

Cities
Official Villages
Exclaves
Castles and Palaces
Desolation

Places of the northern district office Eisenberg, which came to the office Camburg in 1826

literature

  • C. Holzer, Historical Description of the County of Camburg, 1876

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bruno's book on the Saxon War. edit again by Hans-Eberhard Lohmann, (MGH Dt. MA 2) Leipzig 1937
  2. ↑ Thomas Bienert: Medieval castles in Thuringia . Wartberg Verlag, 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 . Pp. 195/196
  3. ↑ Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces . Jenzig-Verlag, 2001 pp. 78/79. ISBN 3-910141-43-9
  4. ^ Document book of the city of Jena 1, Jena 1888, p. 66, no. 82
  5. ↑ Small stories on Saxon-Thuringian history, Volume 2, Freiroda on p. 8
  6. ↑ Places of the Saxon-Meiningen district of Saalfeld
  7. ^ Locations of the Saxony-Altenburg district office Roda
  8. ^ Border changes in 1870
  9. ^ The district court of Camburg in the Thuringia archive portal
  10. ↑ Camburg district department in the Thuringia archive portal
  11. ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states . Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .