Resort architecture
Resort architecture (also Bäderstil ) is the sum of all the different styles of architecture , characteristic of seaside resorts are. The German seaside resorts with the appropriate architecture are particularly widespread on the Baltic coast and particularly in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania .
The formative period for the spa architecture ranged from 1793 to 1918. Especially during the founding period , many buildings in this style were built on the German coasts. Even today, buildings are often built in the style of baths in order to preserve the historical identity of the seaside resorts - especially in the Baltic seaside resorts.
A detached house in bath architecture is also known as a bath villa .
This architectural style was first used in the Heiligendamm seaside resort, founded in 1793 on the Mecklenburg Baltic Sea coast, the oldest seaside resort on the European continent, in the Kurhaus there , which can therefore be described as the foundation building of this style. The style spread quickly along the German Baltic Sea coast, for the first time since 1810 in Pomerania with the establishment of the seaside resort Putbus - Lauterbach on Rügen . There are also a few buildings on the North Sea coast .
Beginning in the style of classicism , the spa architecture developed over historicism to Art Nouveau . It is not a self-contained style epoch such as the Renaissance or the Baroque . Their specialty is the combination of different structural features in their respective epochs. The special composition of the stylistic elements makes the pool architecture an unmistakable design.
Outside of Germany there are also buildings inspired by the spa architecture, for example on Swiss lakes and in Carinthia ( Wörthersee architecture ). The architecture of the spas inland is usually referred to as spa architecture . There have been many parallels between it and the spa architecture since the early 19th century.
Description and characteristics
Often there are two to four storey buildings with facades with balconies and verandas . Larger villas have protruding facade parts ( risalites ) in the middle and at the corners. Large arched or rectangular windows dominate, which are occasionally flanked by half-columns or pilasters . Triangular gables and occasionally curved gables or small turrets close off the top floors. Art Nouveau ornaments appear as capital decorations, often with maritime or floral motifs.
Most often the facades are whitewashed, which is why the spas are sometimes called "white pearls ". The rare non-white counterparts (e.g. Bordeaux red, olive green, beige, blue) catch the eye in such white ensembles. Overall, the buildings look rather filigree, and they are often wooden structures with a stone core. Whole ensembles in white and a few in tinted colors are available in Heiligendamm, Heringsdorf and Ahlbeck on Usedom and in Kühlungsborn .
Famous examples of ensembles in spa architecture can be found primarily on the Mecklenburg and Pomeranian Baltic coasts. Especially on the island of Usedom, in the imperial baths on the beach between Bansin , Heringsdorf, Ahlbeck and Swinemünde and in Zinnowitz ; and on the island of Rügen, especially in Sassnitz , Sellin , Binz and Göhren . In the oldest German seaside resort Heiligendamm near Bad Doberan , buildings from this era were also erected and many of them are still preserved, the ensemble is known as the pearl necklace of the white city by the sea .
Georg Bernhard von Bülow had one of the oldest buildings of spa architecture built in Heringsdorf in 1845, the Villa Achterkerke . One of the most important buildings in terms of art history is the Villa Oechsler, built by Antonio Salviati in 1883 (mainly because of its glass mosaic in the gable) .
Some bath villas are characterized by elements of alpine log huts or Russian wooden houses, especially the so-called Wolgast houses . These are the first prefabricated houses in the world, which were manufactured between 1868 and 1910 by the “Wolgaster Actien-Gesellschaft für Holzverarbeitung” in the town of Wolgast off the island of Usedom. The company mainly built chalets for builders all over the world, especially for property owners on Usedom and Rügen - and also on the Wannsee in Berlin .
Buildings in the style of spa architecture can also be found occasionally on the North Sea coast, for example with the Kurhaus (Conversationshaus), the Kurhotel and the Haus Schiffahrt auf Norderney . In contrast to the Baltic seaside resorts, they are less filigree and often characterized by more massive shapes and generous proportions.
Examples
Resort architecture on the Baltic Sea in Pomerania
Ahlbeck pier , Usedom island
Resort architecture ensemble with Hotel Fürstenhof in Sassnitz , Rügen
Villa Undine from 1885 in Binz , a so-called Wolgasthaus and one of the first prefabricated houses in the world
Two villas in Bansin with a corner tower and a central projection with an arch or tower end
Villa Oechsler in Heringsdorf , built in 1883
Villa Achterkerke in Heringsdorf , built in 1845
Villa Oppenheim from 1883 in Heringsdorf
Seeschloss in Heringsdorf
Villa “Malepartus” in Binz with porches made of wood, arched windows and triangular gables
Villa “Sirene” in Binz , completely white
Villa Möwe in Göhren (Ruegen)
Seaside architecture on the North Sea
.jpg)
Further examples
Villa Grafenreuth in Lochau , Austria, was inspired by German spa architecture
Vila Hana and Vila Světlana in Luhačovice (Bad Luhatschowitz), Czech Republic
literature
- Susanne Grötz, Ursula Quecke: Balnea. Architectural history of the bathroom . Ed .: Ursula Quecke. Jonas Verlag for Art and Literature, Marburg 2006, ISBN 3-89445-363-X .
- Reno Stutz, Thomas Grundner: Spa architecture in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . In: Edition Kulturlandschaft Mecklenburg-Vorpommern . Hinstorff, Rostock 2004, ISBN 3-356-01033-6 .
- Wolfgang Schneider, Torsten Seegert: Pomeranian spa architecture. Origin and development. Ostseebad Binz . Heimat-Bild-Verlag, Gifhorn 2003, ISBN 3-9810092-0-7 .
- Wilhelm Hüls, Ulf Böttcher: Spa architecture . Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock 1998, ISBN 3-356-00791-2 .
- Gottfried Kiesow: Architecture Guide East Friesland . German Foundation for Monument Protection - Monuments Publications, Bonn 2009, ISBN 978-3-86795-021-3 .
- Christiane Winter: Architectural highlights on Norderney . Book Printing Verlag, Goch 2009, ISBN 978-3-940754-47-9 .
- Hans-Ulrich Bauer: Wooden houses from Wolgast - icons of spa architecture I + II . Igel Usedom Verlag, Wolgast 2011, ISBN 978-3-9810371-4-2 .
Web links
- Literature on spa architecture in the state bibliography MV
- Spa architecture - overview - official MV tourism portal
- Spa architecture in Ahlbeck, Heringsdorf and Bansin. Owned by Kaiserbäder Insel Usedom, accessed on June 7, 2009 .
- euromaxx - Series: Inselgeschichten 04 - Rügen. (FLV; 11.7 MB or MP4; 22.4 MB) Deutsche Welle TV, accessed on June 7, 2009 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Binz: The gates of the bath villas are open ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Ostsee-Zeitung)
- ↑ a b What is spa architecture. ( Memento from July 22, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ What is spa architecture. Owned by Kaiserbäder Insel Usedom, archived from the original on June 1, 2013 ; Retrieved May 23, 2013 .
- ↑ German prefabricated houses were produced as early as 1890 - the Wolgasthaus as ancestor ( memento from October 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Gottfried Kiesow: Architectural Guide Ostfriesland . German Foundation for Monument Protection - Monuments Publications, Bonn 2009, ISBN 978-3-86795-021-3 , p. 363 ff .
