Railway cruiser

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Schematic representation of different orbit types of minor planets (red). The yellow band corresponds to the space of a planet's orbit, the outer and inner edges indicate the aphelion and perihelion of the celestial body from the sun. Top center: inner stripe, bottom center: outer stripe, top right: co-ordinate object, bottom right: railway cruiser from the inside

As railway cruisers are asteroid designated whose orbit crosses that of a planet d. H. Perihelion and aphelion are outside or inside a planetary orbit, which is due to the mostly high eccentricity of these objects. Is the area of the planet's orbit is not completely crossed, but only partially penetrated, it is called Bahnstreifern ( English: grazer ). The orbital cruisers also include objects that move in a co-orbital orbit to the respective planet.

The fact that an asteroid “crosses” the orbit of a planet does not necessarily mean that there is a risk of collision, since the orbits are not always in one plane.

Most of the asteroids in the solar system that are outside the main belt are orbit cruisers. However, the gravity of Jupiter ensures that asteroids, with a few exceptions, only move inside or outside of its orbit.

Types of rail cruisers in the solar system

Earth orbit cruiser

The Aten-Asteroid 2004 FH crosses the orbits of Earth and Venus.

Asteroids that cross the earth's orbit belong to the near-Earth asteroids of the Apollo or Aten type . These cross the earth's orbit from the outside (Apollo) or from the inside (Aten).

Earth orbit cruisers carry a certain risk of impact on the earth. However, the point of intersection (= node ) through the ecliptic is usually more or less far from the earth's orbit, so that geometrically no collisions with the earth can occur. However, the large number of asteroids means that various objects can come dangerously close to Earth. In August 2006, around 31 objects were known that could theoretically approach the center of the earth to within 50,000 km. The path calculations of the previously known objects have been highly automated since 2002.

From NASA z. Z. 57 objects classified as potentially dangerous, which are closer than the moon on closest approach:

designation distance
Lunar distances km
(7482) 1994 PC1 0.005966988 2294
(152664) 1998 FW4 0.010080437 3875
(37638) 1993 VB 0.017828967 6853
2002 EY2 0.030332494 11660
(177049) 2003 EE16 0.049877584 19173
(267337) 2001 VK5 0.054504037 20951
(297300) 1998 SC15 0.056665098 21782
2001 EC 0.076372277 29358
(433953) 1997 XR2 0.078531003 30187
(137108) 1999 AN10 0.094539511 36341
(216985) 2000 QK130 0.099837672 38378
(99942) Apophis 0.105483750 40548
(292220) 2006 SU49 0.114382901 43969
(247360) 2001 XU 0.196846856 75668
2003 GG21 0.241523183 92842
2005 LW3 0.245039334 94193
(143487) 2003 CR20 0.253009925 97257
(162173) Ryugu 0.267567218 102853
(35396) 1997 XF11 0.291597298 112090
(163132) 2002 CU11 0.341506404 131275
(90416) 2003 YK118 0.341603697 131312
(162416) 2000 EH26 0.379825639 146005
(405212) 2003 QC10 0.394575571 151675
(267131) 2000 EK26 0.422109349 162259
2000 TU28 0.425312218 163490
(141495) 2002 EZ11 0.462579137 177815
(164207) 2004 GU9 0.474406013 182362
(85640) 1998 OX4 0.484831878 186369
(89959) 2002 NT7 0.497230834 191136
2002 JZ8 0.525465117 201989
(85236) 1993 KH 0.537066275 206448
2000 KA 0.543028360 208740
2005 GY8 0.551103637 211844
(144898) 2004 VD17 0.580155178 223012
(467351) 2003 KO2 0.589440774 226581
(152685) 1998 MZ 0.600792863 230945
(387668) 2002 SZ 0.635187707 244166
(171576) 1999 VP11 0.639997848 246015
(2201) Oljato 0.643165692 247233
1997 GL3 0.680343102 261524
(434734) 2006 FX 0.681214843 261859
(330233) 2006 KV86 0.684390470 263080
2002 SQ41 0.696649325 267792
(89958) 2002 LY45 0.714169759 274527
(153814) 2001 WN5 0.723809500 278232
2002 NY40 0.739948380 284436
(101869) 1999 MM 0.748467311 287711
2001 QJ96 0.761263220 292630
2004 XP14 0.822826023 316294
2003 MK4 0.840513799 323094
(387746) 2003 MH4 0.847359300 325725
(85713) 1998 SS49 0.850044573 326757
1999 RM45 0.871810851 335124
(162162) 1999 DB7 0.893514862 343467
(497117) 2004 FU4 0.938390054 360717
(444193) 2005 SE71 0.984105854 378290
(154276) 2002 SY50 0.986736643 379302

Venus cruiser

These are Apollo and Aten asteroids with perihelion distances within Venus' orbit . With the exception of a few Apohele asteroids, which are a subgroup of the Aten type, all Venus cruisers also cross Earth's orbit.

Mercury cruiser

Objects of this type are predominantly aten asteroids, but also a few Apollo asteroids whose perihelion lies within the orbit of Mercury . Well-known representatives are the Apollo objects (1566) Icarus and (3200) Phaethon , whose aphelion positions are outside the orbit of Mars. Most Aten Mercury cruisers are both Venus cruisers and Earth orbit cruisers at the same time and cross the orbit of Mercury from the outside. Exceptions are the Mercury cruisers of the Atira subgroup, which are always completely within the Earth's orbit and the 2020 AV2 , discovered on January 4, 2020 , whose orbit is completely far within the orbit of Venus and only slightly crosses into the orbit of Mercury.

Mars cruiser

Hidalgo crosses the orbits of Jupiter and Ceres and grazes the orbit of Saturn

The asteroids that cross Mars' orbit include objects of the Apollo and Amor types , the former of which are also Earth orbit cruisers. All Cupid asteroids are Mars cruisers except for a few of the Cupid I subtype. Special representatives are (5261) Eureka , which is a Mars Trojan , as well as the Damocloids 1999 XS 35 and 1998 WU 24 .

Jupiter cruiser

The few Jupiter cruisers besides the Trojans include asteroids of the Amor IV subtype, as well as most of the known damocloids. Some Apollo asteroids also cross Jupiter's orbit. These and the Amor IV asteroids have a perihelion near the earth's orbit and are therefore also Mars cruisers. The damocloids are comet-like objects whose apheld distances are sometimes far outside the orbit of Uranus. The Trojans move 60 ° in front of and behind Jupiter in 1: 1 resonance around the Lagrangian points of Jupiter's orbit and are considered to be orbiting or co-ordinate objects , but sometimes also as real cruisers. Another Jupiter cruiser is the unusual object (944) Hidalgo , whose perihelion lies in the asteroid belt.

Saturn cruiser

Orbital semi-axes of objects beyond Saturn, removed against their orbital inclination. Most of the objects are centaurs.

Most of the asteroids that cross the orbit of Saturn are called centaurs , but also damocloids. The centaurs are probably “extinct” comets, the volatile components of which were originally present are more or less sublimated. However, for example, the centaur (2060) Chiron has also been classified as a comet since a halo was discovered. Centaurs are also largely Uranus and in some cases Neptune cruisers. The asteroid Hidalgo grazes Saturn's orbit without crossing it.

Uranus cruiser

Objects that cross the orbit of Uranus are mostly centaurs and some damocloids such as B. the namesake of the group, (5335) Damocles .

Neptune cruiser

The Neptune cruisers include a few centaurs such as B. (5145) Pholus , also damocloids. Several asteroids that cross the orbit of Neptune are among the trans-Neptunian objects . Including Plutinos such as B. (28978) Ixion and (38628) Huya but also strongly eccentric SDOs such as (87269) 2000 OO 67 . The dwarf planet (134340) Pluto also has a perihelion within the orbit of Neptune. Neptune also owns a group of Trojans.

Tables

Railway cruiser within Jupiter's orbit

Known orbit-crossing asteroids within Jupiter's orbit

asteroid Type Mercury orbit Venus orbit Earth orbit Mars orbit
(1566) Icarus Apollo cruiser cruiser cruiser cruiser
(3200) Phaethon Apollo cruiser cruiser cruiser cruiser
(2101) Adonis Apollo Streifer cruiser cruiser cruiser
(1865) Cerberus Apollo - cruiser cruiser Streifer
(2063) Bacchus Apollo - cruiser cruiser Streifer
(1862) Apollo Apollo - cruiser cruiser cruiser
(2100) Ra Shalom Aten - cruiser cruiser -
(3554) Amun Aten - cruiser cruiser -
(3753) Cruithne Aten - cruiser cruiser -
(163693) Atira Aten
(Apohele) 		- cruiser - -
(69230) Hermes Apollo - cruiser cruiser cruiser
(4769) Castalia Apollo - cruiser cruiser Streifer
(4183) Cuno Apollo - Streifer cruiser cruiser
(2340) Hathor Aten Streifer cruiser cruiser -
(3362) Khufu Aten - cruiser cruiser -
(2062) Aten Aten - - cruiser -
2002 AA 29 Aten - - koorbital -
(1620) Geographos Apollo - - cruiser Streifer
(1866) Sisyphus Apollo - - cruiser cruiser
(4179) Toutatis Apollo - - cruiser cruiser
(6489) Golevka Apollo - - Streifer cruiser
(25143) Itokawa Apollo - - cruiser cruiser
(4015) Wilson-Harrington Apollo - - Streifer cruiser
(433) Eros Cupid - - - cruiser
(719) Albert Cupid - - - cruiser
(887) Alinda Cupid - - - cruiser
(1036) Ganymede Cupid - - - cruiser
(1221) Cupid Cupid - - - cruiser
(5261) Eureka Mars
Trojans 		- - - koorbital

The Cupid asteroid (3552) Don Quixote crosses the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

Railway cruiser outside of Jupiter's orbit

Well-known rail cruisers beyond the Jupiter orbit, without Trojans.

asteroid Type Orbit of Jupiter Saturn orbit Uranus orbit Neptune Railway
(944) Hidalgo Anomaly? cruiser Streifer - -
(20461) Dioretsa Damocloid /
SDO 		cruiser cruiser cruiser cruiser
(5335) Damocles Damocloid cruiser cruiser cruiser -
(2060) Chiron centaur - cruiser Streifer -
(5145) Pholus centaur - cruiser cruiser cruiser
(8405) Asbolus centaur - cruiser cruiser -
(65407) 2002 RP 120 Damocloid /
SDO 		- cruiser cruiser cruiser
(7066) Nessus centaur - - cruiser cruiser
(10199) Chariklo centaur - - Streifer -
(10370) Hylonome centaur - - Streifer cruiser
(31824) Elatus centaur - cruiser - -
(32532) Thereus centaur - cruiser - -
(52975) Cyllarus centaur - - cruiser cruiser
(54598) Bienor centaur - - Streifer -
(15788) 1993 SB Plutino - - - cruiser
(28978) Ixion Plutino - - - Streifer
(38628) Huya Plutino - - - cruiser
(87269) 2000 OO 67 SDO - - - cruiser
(84719) 2002 VR 128 Plutino - - - cruiser

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Spektrum .de: Around the sun in 150 days