Birkenau (Odenwald)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the municipality of Birkenau
Birkenau (Odenwald)
Map of Germany, position of the municipality of Birkenau highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 34 '  N , 8 ° 42'  E

Basic data
State : Hesse
Administrative region : Darmstadt
Circle : Mountain road
Height : 144 m above sea level NHN
Area : 24.55 km 2
Residents: 9873 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 402 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 69488
Primaries : 06201, 06209
License plate : HP
Community key : 06 4 31 004
LOCODE : DE BIA
Community structure: 7 districts (including core community)
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Hauptstrasse 119
69488 Birkenau
Website : www.birkenau.de
Mayor : Helmut Morr (independent)
Location of the community of Birkenau in the Bergstrasse district
Groß-Rohrheim Zwingenberg (Bergstraße) Biblis Viernheim Lampertheim Bürstadt Einhausen (Hessen) Lorsch Bensheim Lautertal (Odenwald) Lindenfels Heppenheim (Bergstraße) Heppenheim (Bergstraße) Fürth (Odenwald) Grasellenbach Rimbach (Odenwald) Mörlenbach Wald-Michelbach Birkenau (Odenwald) Abtsteinach Gorxheimertal Hirschhorn (Neckar) Neckarsteinach Michelbuch (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Rheinland-Pfalz Baden-Württemberg Kreis Groß-Gerau Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg Odenwaldkreismap
About this picture

Birkenau im Odenwald is a municipality in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse . It is nicknamed "The Village of Sundials ".

geography

Geographical location

The community is located in the Weschnitz Valley in the Odenwald, around 25 km north of Heidelberg and around 20 km northeast of Mannheim . It is located on the B 38 and the Weschnitz flows through it.

Neighboring communities

Birkenau borders the municipality of Mörlenbach in the north, the municipality of Abtsteinach in the east, the municipality of Gorxheimertal in the south and the cities of Weinheim and Hemsbach (both Rhein-Neckar district in Baden-Württemberg ) in the west .

Community structure

The municipality of Birkenau is divided into the following districts:

climate

Due to its location close to the Bergstrasse , Birkenau has a mild climate , which is often visible in an almond tree blossom that is very early in Germany .

history

Birkenau Castle

The first documentary mention of Birkenau took place in 795 in the document of a border adjustment to the property of the Lorsch monastery in the "Mark Heppenheim", a donation by Charlemagne to the imperial monastery Lorsch. This upgraded it and withdrew it from the dioceses of Mainz and Worms . The Mark Heppenheim encompassed most of today 's Bergstrasse district and large parts of the Odenwaldkreis . Birkenau is not yet mentioned in the boundary description of 773. In connection with this donation, border disputes developed between the Lorsch Abbey and the Diocese of Worms, which led to the convening of an arbitration tribunal in 795 on the Kahlberg near Weschnitz, an old assembly and court venue not far from today's Walburgis Chapel . As a result of this court of arbitration, a new boundary description was established, which now also named the most important places within the boundaries of the Mark Heppenheim, namely Furte (Fürth) , Rintbach (Rimbach) , Morlenbach (Mörlenbach) , Birkenowa (Birkenau), Winenheim (Weinheim) , Heppenheim , Besinsheim (Bensheim) , Urbach (Auerbach) , Lauresham (Lorsch) and Bisestat (Bürstadt) .

Count Werinher donated the Birkenau cell to Lorsch Abbey in 846 . Bishop Adalberto von Augsburg received Birkenau as a fief in 897. As property of the Lorsch Monastery, it fell under the rule of the Archdiocese of Mainz in 1232 . The districts of Hornbach and Balzenbach, on the other hand, were part of the Electoral Palatinate , so that they belonged to different denominations after the Reformation . In 1568 and 1613 Birkenau is owned by the Barons Wambolt von Umstadt and the Landschad von Steinach , in 1653 it came to the Reichshofrat von Bohn, after his family died out it was enfeoffed to the Barons Wambolt von Umstadt, and in 1806 the office came to Hesse. In 1552 the town hall was built, in 1771 the castle of Messrs Wambolt von Umstadt.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Birkenau in 1829:

"Birkenau (L. Bez. Lindenfels) Lutheran and Catholic. Parish village; is located on the Weschnitz, 3 1 ⁄ 2  St. from Lindenfels in a very romantic valley, and belongs to the Baron von Wambold. Including Kallstadt, the place has 152 houses and 1172 souls, among which 677 Lutherans, 398 Catholics, 31 Reform. and 66 are Jews. One finds 1 Lutheran, June 11th 1820 inaugurated church, a Catholic. Church, 1 synagogue, 3 grinding mills and 1 grinding, oil, cutting, gypsum and attrition mill; then a border customs office of the second class and one from Wamboldische Receptur. 3 markets are held annually - the von Wambold family owns a nice castle with a garden, but the beautiful grounds are becoming overgrown. - Birkenau ( Birkenowa ) belonged to the Heppenheimer Mark, and was given to Lorsch Monastery by Emperor Carl the Great in 773, just as the Celle was given to this monastery by Count Wernher in 846. With the Lorsch Abbey, the place came to Mainz, which gave it back as a fief. In 1420 and the following time, it was owned by the noble family of the Schwendten von Weinheim, just as Eberhard and Bernhard Schwendt in particular were enfeoffed with part of the village and its members. It came afterwards to the Wambolde von Umstadt and the Forest Master von Gelnhausen, which the latter left their share to the Wambolde. The other part of the village came as a fief to the Landschaden von Steinach. Later, from 1653 onwards, the whole thing came to the Reichshofrath von Behn, until after the exit of this family in 1721, the whole thing fell back to Mainz as an opened fief, which the vambolde again enfeoffed with it. With regard to the supreme jurisdiction, some disagreements took place between Mainz and Palatinate, but these were never decided. The village belonged to the former knightly canton of Odenwald, and in 1806 the sovereignty recognized by Baden came to Hesse. "

By 1964 the population grew to over 5,000. In 1967 the community was recognized as a resort and in 1979 as a climatic health resort , but has not reapplied for the predicate climatic health resort due to the low level of tourism. However, the place is still a resort. In 1995 Birkenau celebrated its 1200th anniversary.

Historical forms of names

Historically documented mentions of the place are (in brackets the year of mention):

  • Birkenowa (773, 795)
  • Birkenouua, cella (846)
  • Birchenowa, villa (877)
  • Birkenouua (897)
  • Prechauwe (1392)
  • Birkenau (1392)
  • Pirckenauwe (1392)
  • Birkenauwe (1437)

Incorporations

In the course of the regional reform in Hesse , the previously independent municipalities of Kallstadt (on July 1, 1970), Hornbach , Reisen (both on December 31, 1970), Löhrbach and Nieder-Liebersbach (both on December 31, 1971) were added on a voluntary basis Birkenau incorporated . On August 1, 1972, the hamlet of Schnorrenbach , which had previously belonged to the Mackenheim district and is located as an exclave on the other side of the neighboring western town of Vöckelsbach , was incorporated into the municipality of Birkenau by the law on the reorganization of the Bergstrasse district. For the area of ​​the former municipalities as well as for the core municipality of Birkenau with Kallstadt, local districts with local advisory council and local councilor were established in accordance with the Hessian municipal code. The boundaries of the local districts follow the district boundaries.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Birkenau was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

population

Population structure

According to the 2011 census , there were 10,129 residents in Birkenau on May 9, 2011. These included 735 (7.3%) foreigners, of whom 318 came from outside the EU , 334 from other European countries and 83 from other countries. The inhabitants lived in 4402 households. Of these, 1214 were single households , 1313 were couples without children and 1467 were couples with children, as well as 347 single parents and 61 shared apartments .

Population development

• 1829: 1172 inhabitants, 152 houses
• 1867: 1340 inhabitants, 187 houses
Birkenau: Population from 1829 to 2015
year     Residents
1829
  
 1,172
1834
  
 1.166
1840
  
 1,269
1846
  
 1,342
1852
  
 1,308
1858
  
 1,357
1864
  
 1.306
1871
  
 1,330
1875
  
 1,391
1885
  
 1,466
1895
  
 1,662
1905
  
 2,004
1910
  
 2.213
1925
  
 2,347
1939
  
 2,827
1946
  
 3,845
1950
  
 4,047
1956
  
 4.231
1961
  
 4,503
1967
  
 5,097
1970
  
 5,308
1972
  
 9,378
1976
  
 9,549
1984
  
 10,325
1992
  
 10,433
2000
  
 10,400
2005
  
 10,419
2010
  
 10,000
2011
  
 10.129
2015
  
 9,939
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 1972 :; 1976 :; 1984 :; 1992 :; 2000 :; 2005 :; 2010 :; 2011 census; 2015:
From 1972 including the towns incorporated into Hesse as part of the regional reform .

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 677 Lutheran (= 57.76%), 31 Reformed (= 2.65%), 66 Jewish (= 5.63%) and 398 Catholic (= 33.96%) residents
• 1961: 257 Protestant (= 57.10%), 1718 Catholic (= 38.15%) residents
• 2011: 3951 Protestant (= 39.0%), 3236 Catholic (= 31.9%), 2942 other (= 29.0%) residents

Gainful employment

The municipality in comparison with the district, administrative district Darmstadt and Hesse:

year local community district Administrative district Hesse
Employees subject to social security contributions 2017 1163 72,939 1,695,567 2,524,156
Change to 2000 + 6.5% + 17.1% + 16.1% + 16.0%
of which full-time 2017 62.5% 70.8% 72.8% 71.8%
of which part-time 2017 37.5% 29.2% 27.2% 28.2%
Only marginally paid employees 2017 557 15,613 224.267 372.991
Change to 2000 −19.2% −4.3% + 9.0% + 8.8%
Branch year local community district Administrative district Hesse
Manufacturing 2000 27.6% 39.6% 27.0% 30.6%
2017 27.3% 32.1% 20.4% 24.3%
Commerce, hospitality and transport 2000 28.8% 25.1% 26.4% 25.1%
2017 24.9% 25.8% 24.7% 23.8%
Business services 2000 15.9% 11.6% 25.1% 20.2%
2017 16.9% 15.5% 31.6% 26.1%
other services 2000 27.3% 22.0% 20.1% 22.5%
2017 30.5% 25.3% 23.0% 25.4%
Other (or without assignment) 2000 00.5% 01.7% 01.4% 01.5%
2017 00.7% 01.1% 00.3% 00.4%

politics

Community representation

The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:

Distribution of seats in the municipal council 2016
     
A total of 31 seats
Parties and constituencies %
2016 		Seats
2016 		%
2011 		Seats
2011 		%
2006 		Seats
2006 		%
2001 		Seats
2001
CDU Christian Democratic Union of Germany 30.4 10 33.1 10 35.6 13 37.4 14th
SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany 29.4 9 29.7 9 38.3 14th 44.4 16
GREEN Alliance 90 / The Greens 17.1 5 22.6 7th - - - -
FWV Birkenau Free Electoral Association 12.6 4th 10.6 4th 21.0 8th 13.6 5
FDP Free Democratic Party 10.5 3 4.0 1 5.1 2 4.5 2
total 100.0 31 100.0 31 100.0 37 100.0 37
Voter turnout in% 50.8 52.8 52.3 54.4
Old Town Hall

mayor

The mayor is directly elected for a term of six years. The 2009 elections were won by Helmut Morr (independent) in the runoff election on February 1st with 3,330 votes (68.8%) against 1,509 votes (31.2%) for Peter Zschippig (supported by CDU and SPD). The turnout was 62.2%. Since May 21, 2009 he has succeeded Ingrid Berbner (FWG).

Districts

The following local districts with local advisory board and local councilor according to the Hessian municipal code exist in the municipality:

  • Local district core community Birkenau with the district Kallstadt (areas of the former communities Birkenau and the district Kallstadt ). The local advisory board consists of 9 members.
  • Nieder-Liebersbach district (areas of the former Nieder-Liebersbach community ). The local advisory board consists of 9 members.
  • Local district Reisen (areas of the former municipality Reisen ). The local advisory board consists of 9 members.
  • Local district Hornbach (areas of the former municipality Hornbach ). The local advisory board consists of 7 members.
  • Local district Löhrbach (areas of the former municipality Löhrbach ). The local advisory board consists of 7 members.
  • Buchklingen district (areas of the former Buchklingen municipality ). The local advisory board consists of 5 members.

Local advisory board

Since the local elections in 2016, the local advisory council for the core community of Birkenau with Kallstadt has included three members of the SPD , two members of the CDU , one member of the FDP , one member of the "Free Voters Birkenau" (FWV) and two members of the Greens . The mayor is Bernd Brockenauer (SPD).

Town twinning

coat of arms

Blazon : "In red a silver uprooted birch covered with a silver wall anchor"

The meaning of the coat of arms, the style elements of which can be traced back to the 16th century on cement seals and landmarks, is unclear. Above all, the symbol interpreted as a wall anchor is controversial and could also have been a weaver reel. With a document dated July 22, 1926, the Minister of the Interior of the People's State of Hesse granted the municipality the right to use the aforementioned coat of arms.

Culture and sights

Peacock in the castle park

Buildings

  • Historic town hall (1552 - the oldest in the Bergstrasse district) with pillory and normal cubit
  • Birkenau baroque palace and palace gardens of Baron Wambolt von Umstadt
  • Red Cross Museum Birkenau
  • Sundial Village (around 200 clocks)
  • Sundial School Birkenau

nature

There are several nature reserves and a considerable number of hiking trails around Birkenau. On the one hand, these hiking trails can be found in the forests around Birkenau. For example, the “Höhenweg” ( European long-distance hiking trail no. 1 , plateau path between Birkenau and Reisen) is worth a visit, as it offers a wonderful view of Birkenau and Nieder-Liebersbach. In the forests of Birkenau it is not uncommon to see native forest animals such as B. deer, birds, rabbits, etc. Sometimes there are also fox burrows.

Sports

TSV Birkenau is known nationwide for its handball department . The team played in the first handball league and became German field handball champions in 1974 .

Economy and Infrastructure

Land use

The municipal area covers a total area of ​​2455 hectares, of which the following hectares are:

Type of use 2011 2015
Building and open space 249 254
from that Living 185 187
Business 6th 8th
Operating area 5 4th
from that Mining land 3 3
Recreation area 17th 20th
from that Green area 6th 8th
traffic area 108 128
Agricultural area 1274 1221
from that moor 0 0
pagan 0 0
Forest area 778 790
Water surface 9 15th
Other use 15th 23

tourism

Book blades

Buchklingen is a popular weekend excursion destination and rest stop for hikers.

In Schnorrenbach there is a winter sports area with a downhill slope (450 meters long) and a ski lift. The international FIS camp for children and young people and the German Grass Ski Cup have been held every summer for the last 15 years . So far, grass skiers from Austria, the Czech Republic, Italy, Germany and Japan have started. A floodlight system is installed.

traffic

Birkenau is part of the Rhein-Neckar transport association and the Rhein-Main transport association. The Birkenau station is on the Weschnitz Valley Railway Weinheim - Fürth (Odenwald) . Regional trains of DB Regio AG stop there every hour, on weekdays during rush hour every half hour . The trains are supported by the lines 681, 684 and 688 of Busverkehr Rhein-Neckar GmbH , which run several times a day .

The federal highway 38 continued through Birkenau until the end . When the Saukopftunnel was opened in 1999, this was practically “out of town”. The "old B 38" is now the L 3408.

Public facilities

  • Birkenau outdoor pool

education

  • 7 kindergartens
  • 2 primary schools (Sundial School, Nieder-Liebersbach Primary School)
  • 1 secondary and secondary school (Langenbergschule)

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

Associated with Birkenau

  • Hugo Gilmer (1822–1871), landowner on the Haselhof near Birkenau and member of the 2nd Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Portrait. In: website. Birkenau community, accessed October 2019 .
  3. ↑ a b c main statute. (PDF; KK kB) § 6. In: Website. Birkebau community, accessed February 2019 .
  4. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 1), Certificate 6a, About the Mark Heppenheim, mid-August 795. In: Heidelberg historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 60 , accessed on January 6, 2018 .
  5. ↑ Regests of the city of Heppenheim and Starkenburg Castle until the end of Kurmainzer rule (755 to 1461) . No. 5a ( digital view [PDF; 2.0 MB] - compiled and commented on by Torsten Wondrejz on behalf of the Heppenheim City Archives).
  6. ↑ Handbook of Historic Sites in Germany, Hesse, 3rd revised edition, p. 53
  7. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 283 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  8. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 20th f . ( Online at google books ).
  9. ↑ 77th meeting of the specialist committee for health resorts, recreation places and healing wells in Hesse on November 17, 2011 . In: State pointer for the state of Hesse . No. 7 , 2012, ISSN  0724-7885 , p. 221 .
  10. ↑ a b c d Birkenau, Bergstrasse district. Historical local lexicon for Hessen (as of June 8, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on June 8, 2018 .
  11. ↑ Incorporation of the municipality of Kallstadt into the municipality of Birkenau, Bergstrasse district from June 19, 1970 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (Ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1970 No. 27 , p. 1365 , item 1323 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.0 MB ]).
  12. ↑ Integration of communities into the community of Birkenau, Bergstrasse district of January 7, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 4 , p. 142 , point 178 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.3 MB ]).
  13. ↑ Karl-Heinz Meier barley, Karl Reinhard Hinkel: Hesse. Municipalities and counties after the regional reform. A documentation . Ed .: Hessian Minister of the Interior. Bernecker, Melsungen 1977, DNB  770396321 , OCLC 180532844 , p. 201 .
  14. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Bergstrasse district (GVBl. II 330–15 § 3) of July 11, 1972 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1972 No. 17 , p. 222 ff . ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).
  15. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  16. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  17. ↑ a b Population by nationality groups: Birkenau. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in September 2019 .
  18. ^ Households by family: Birkenau. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in September 2019 .
  19. ^ Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of the residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 14 ( online at google books ).
  20. ^ Local elections 1972; Relevant population of the municipalities on August 4, 1972 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1972 No.  33 , p. 1424 , point 1025 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.9 MB ]).
  21. ↑ Local elections 1977; Relevant population of the municipalities (item 1668) from December 15, 1976 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1976 No. 52 , p. 2283 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 10.3 MB ]).
  22. ^ Local elections 1985; Relevant population of the municipalities as of October 30, 1984 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1984 No.  46 , p. 2175 , point 1104 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.5 MB ]).
  23. ↑ local elections 1993; Relevant population of the municipalities as of October 21, 1992 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1992 No.  44 , p. 2766 , point 935 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.1 MB ]).
  24. ↑ a b community data sheet : Birkenau. (PDF; 222 kB) In: Hessisches Gemeindelexikon. HA Hessen Agency GmbH ;
  25. ^ The population of the Hessian communities (June 30, 2005). In: Hessian State Statistical Office . Archived from the original . ;
  26. ^ The population of the Hessian communities (June 30, 2010). In: Hessian State Statistical Office . Archived from the original . ;
  27. ^ The population of the Hessian communities (June 30, 2015). In: Hessian State Statistical Office . Archived from the original . ;
  28. ↑ Religion: Birkenau. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in September 2019 .
  29. ^ Result of the municipal election on March 6, 2016. 431004 Birkenau. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in April 2016 .
  30. ^ Result of the municipal election of March 27, 2011. 431004 Birkenau. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in November 2019 .
  31. ^ Result of the municipal election of March 26, 2006. 431004 Birkenau. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in November 2019 .
  32. ↑ Results of the municipal elections of 2001 and 1997. (No longer available online.) Hessian State Statistical Office, archived from the original ; accessed in October 2019 .
  33. ↑ Local Advisory Boards. In: website. Birkenau community, accessed October 2019 .
  34. ^ Local advisory board Birkenau with Karlstadt. In: website. Birkenau community, accessed January 2020 .
  35. ↑ Eckart Roloff and Karin Henke-Wendt: With heart and hand for the Red Cross. (Rotkreuzmuseum Birkenau) In: Visit your doctor or pharmacist. A tour through Germany's museums for medicine and pharmacy. Volume 2, Southern Germany. Verlag S. Hirzel, Stuttgart 2015, pp. 180-181, ISBN 978-3-7776-2511-9
  36. ^ Birkenau sundials. Sundial Association Birkenau e. V., accessed October 2019 .
  37. ↑ Hessisches Statistisches Informationssystem In: Statistics.Hessen.

literature

Web links

Commons : Birkenau  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Birkenau (Odenwald)  - travel guide