Border disease

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Incapable of standing lambs with border disease

The border disease (Engl. Also Hairy shaker disease ) is a worldwide occurring by flaviviruses caused infectious disease in sheep , more rarely in calves and goat kids. The name is derived from the first occurrence in the border region between England and Wales. Border disease is only important in pregnant animals that lame when infected or give birth to lambs with hair disorders and central nervous disorders which, if they survive, become lifelong carriers of the virus.

Pathogen

Border disease virus
Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Riboviria
Empire : Orthornavirae
Phylum : Kitrinoviricota
Class : Flasuviricetes
Order : Amarillovirales
Family : Flaviviridae
Genre : Pestivirus
Type : Border disease virus
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : (+) ss RNA
Baltimore : Group 4
Symmetry : no
Cover : available
Scientific name
Pestivirus D
Short name
BDV
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 2170083
ICTV Taxon History: 201853152

The causative agent of the disease is the pestivirus D alias border disease virus , a virus from the family Flaviviridae , genus Pestivirus . It is closely related to pestivirus A and pestivirus B (alias bovine virus diarrhea virus 1 and 2 ) as well as the causative agent of classical swine fever ( pestivirus C alias hog cholera virus ).

The infection takes place as direct or indirect contact infection . The virus is excreted in saliva, feces and urine.

Clinical picture

Adult animals show no clinical symptoms when infected. An initial infection of pregnant ewes before the 80th day of gestation leads to an infection of the fetuses. It can lead to fetal death, abortion or the birth of permanently infected lambs.

Permanently infected lambs show abnormal hairiness and muscle twitching ( tremor ) at birth as a result of impaired myelination of the central nervous system . Severely affected animals usually die shortly after birth. Less affected lambs can survive and remain a source of infection for new diseases as permanent excretors .

The diagnosis can already be made clinically; a pathological examination and virus detection provide final certainty. Serological methods such as virus neutralization tests and ELISA on serum samples are suitable for checking the contamination of a herd.

Combat

The control takes place above all by building free stocks by sorting out all seropositive animals.

A vaccine can be used in more contaminated herds. Another option is exposure to virus carriers at least two months prior to covering.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019
  2. ↑ a b c d ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Yellow fever virus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  3. ↑ Positive-sense RNA Viruses> Flaviviridae - Genus: Pestivirus , in: 10th Report of the ICTV, 2017
  4. ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1

Web links

Commons : Border disease  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

literature