Flaviviridae
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The Flaviviridae or Flaviviruses represent a family of viruses that all contain single-stranded RNA and are therefore taxonomically assigned to the RNA viruses . The type species of the entire family is the yellow fever virus (hence the name of the family from Latin flavus , "yellow").
All members of this family have a virus envelope made of lipids from the original host cell and the viral proteins stored in it and are between 40 and 60 nm in size. The viruses multiply in the cytoplasm of the host cell and are stable in the pH range from 7 to 9.
Systematics
Internal system
The Flaviviridae family includes the genera Flavivirus , Hepacivirus , Pegivirus and Pestivirus ( International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), as of November 2018). The following list makes no claim to completeness of the listed species, details may be found with the individual genera.
- Family Flaviviridae
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- Genus Flavivirus (formerly Arbovirus B )
- The pathogens of the genus Flavivirus cause a large number of virus infections in both humans and animals .
- Species Yellow fever virus ( yellow fever virus , YFV, type species ) - yellow fever
- Species Dengue virus ( Dengue virus , DENV) - Dengue fever
- Species Tick-borne encephalitis virus ( FSME virus , TBEV) - early summer meningoencephalitis ( FSME , English: TBE - tick-borne encephalitis)
- Species Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) - Japanese B encephalitis (birds and pigs)
- Species Louping ill virus ( Louping ill virus , LIV) - Louping Ill
- Species Usutu virus ( Usutu virus , USUV) - the infection is often fatal in birds, and few or no symptoms in humans
- Species Wesselsbron virus (WSLV) - Wesselsbron disease (sheep, goats, etc.)
- Species West Nile virus ( West Nile virus , WNV) - West Nile fever
- Species Zika virus ( Zika virus , ZIKV) - Zika fever
- Species Gadgets Gully Virus ( Gadgets Gully Virus , GGYV) - in large penguins ( king penguin , emperor penguin ), without known symptoms
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- Genus Hepacivirus
- Species Hepacivirus A
- Species Hepacivirus B ( GB virus B , GBV-B)
- Species Hepacivirus C ( Hepatitis C virus , HCV, type species) - bedeutendster representatives, calls humans the disease hepatitis C out
- Species Hepacivirus D to N
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- Genus Pegivirus
- Species Pegivirus A ( GB virus A , GBV-A, type species), infects New World monkeys
- Species Pegivirus B ( GB virus D , GBV-D)
- Species Pegivirus C ( GB virus C , GBV-C, outdated human pegivirus , HPgV and hepatitis G virus , HGV; with subspecies GB virus Citro , GBV-Citro)
- Species Pegivirus D to Pegivirus G
- Species Pegivirus H (alias Human hepegivirus , HHPgV or HPgV-2)
- Species Pegivirus I to Pegivirus K
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- Genus Pestivirus
- The viruses of the genus Pestivirus only play a role as pathogens in animals .
- Species Pestivirus A ( bovine virus diarrhea virus 1 , BVD / MD virus-1 , BVDV-1, type species) - pathogen of BVD (bovine virus diarrhea)
- Species Pestivirus B ( Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus 2 , BVD / MD Virus-2 , BVDV-2) - ditto
- Species Pestivirus C ( classic swine fever virus , SP virus , formerly Classical swine fever virus , CSFV, or Hog cholera virus ) - causes the classic swine fever
- Species Pestivirus D ( Border Disease Virus , BDV) - causes border disease in sheep.
- Species Pestivirus E
- Species Pestivirus F ( Porcine Pestivirus , PPeV)
- Species Pestivirus G ( Giraffe Pestivirus , GPeV)
- Species pestivirus H
- Species Pestivirus I
- Species Pestivirus J ( Rat Pestivirus , RPeV)
- Species Pestivirus K ( Atypical Porcine Pestivirus , APPeV)
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- unclassified species, candidates according to NCBI (unconfirmed by ICTV)
- Species " Cuacua virus "
- Species " Donggang virus "
- Species " Karumba virus " (KRBV)
- Species " Hanko virus "
- Species " Haslams Creek virus "
- Species " Mac Peak virus " (McPV)
- Species " Marisma mosquito virus "
- Species " Menghai flavivirus "
- Species " Nakiwogo virus " (NAKV)
- Species " Xishuangbanna Aedes flavivirus "
External system
Koonin et al (2015) suspect that the Flaviviridae originate from the relatives they postulate, negative-strand RNA viruses ; this group corresponds to today's Phylum Negarnaviricota . Proposed sister group would be the family of Tombusviridae . According to this proposal, they all together form the supergroup “Flavivirus-like superfamily” postulated by the authors. Shi et al (2016) similarly describe the further relationship of the Flaviviridae as " Flavi-like viruses " and have found a number of candidates:
- Species " Beihai barnacle virus 1 " (BHBV1)
- Species " Bole tick virus 4 " (BLTV4)
- Species " Gamboa mosquito virus " (GMV)
- Species " Sanxia water strider virus 6 " (SXWSV6)
- Species " Shayang fly virus 4 " (SYFV4)
- Species " Shayang spider virus 4 " (SYSV4)
- Species " Shuangao lacewing virus 2 " (SALV2)
- Species " Tacheng tick virus 8 " (TCTV8)
- Species " Wuhan centipede virus " (WHCeV)
- Species " Xingshan cricket virus " (XSCV)
- Species " Xinzhou spider virus 2 " (XZSV2)
- Species " Xinzhou spider virus 3 " (XZSV3)
In March 2020, the ICTV put the Tymovirales , Flaviviridae , Tombusviridae and a number of other families in the common phylum Kitrinoviricota with the Master species List # 35 , and this u. a. with the Negarnaviricota in the common kingdom of Orthornavirae . A cladogram of these groups can be found at Tymovirales §ICTV Master Species List # 35 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019
- ↑ a b c d e ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Yellow fever virus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ↑ ICTV : Positive-sense RNA Viruses: Flaviviridae, Genus: Pegivirus , 2019
- ↑ Positive-sense RNA Viruses> Flaviviridae - Genus: Pestivirus , in: 10th Report of the ICTV, 2017
- ↑ NCBI: unclassified Flaviviridae
- ↑ Since this supergroup (called by the authors as English superfamily ) contains a phylum with the Nagarnaviricota , their rank must necessarily be higher and should not be understood as a superfamily . Ranks higher than order (such as Phylum) were not specified by the ICTV at the time of the 2015 work.
- ^ Eugene V. Koonin, Valerian V. Dolja, Mart Krupovic: Origins and evolution of viruses of eukaryotes: The ultimate modularity , in: Virology from May 2015; 479-480. 2-25, Epub March 12, 2015, PMC 5898234 (free full text), PMID 25771806
- ↑ Mang Shi, Xian-Dan Lin, Nikos Vasilakis, Jun-Hua Tian, Ci-Xiu Li, Liang-Jun Chen, Gillian Eastwood, Xiu-Nian Diao, Ming-Hui Chen, Xiao Chen, Xin-Cheng Qin, Steven G. Widen, Thomas G Wood, Robert B Tesh, Jianguo Xu, Edward C Holmes, Yong-Zhen Zhang: Divergent Viruses Discovered in Arthropods and Vertebrates Revise the Evolutionary History of the Flaviviridae and Related Viruses . In: Journal of Virology . 90, No. 2, 2016, pp. 659-69. doi : 10.1128 / JVI.02036-15 . PMID 26491167 . PMC 4702705 (free full text).
- ↑ NCBI: Bole tick virus 4 (species)
- ↑ NCBI: Gamboa mosquito virus (species)
- ↑ NCBI: Sanxia water strider virus 6 (species)
- ↑ NCBI: Shayang fly virus 4 (species)
- ↑ NCBI: Shayang spider virus 4 (species)
- ↑ NCBI: Shuangao lacewing virus 2 (species)
- ↑ NCBI: Tacheng tick virus 8 (species)
- ↑ NCBI: Wuhan centipede virus (species)
- ↑ NCBI: Xingshan cricket virus (species)
- ↑ NCBI: Xinzhou spider virus 2 (species)
- ↑ NCBI: Xinzhou spider virus 3 (species)
- ↑ ICTV: ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1 , New MSL including all taxa updates since the 2018b release, March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ↑ ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Carrot mottle mimic virus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ↑ ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Akabane orthobunyavirus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)