Louping Ill
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| A84 | Viral encephalitis, transmitted by ticks |
| A84.8 | Other tick-borne viral encephalitis |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
Louping-ill is a viral disease in mammals and birds that occurs throughout Europe and is caused by the Louping-ill virus from the Flaviviridae family . It belongs to the by ticks transmitted ( tick-borne diseases ) viral encephalitis . Sheep are most often affected, here the disease is also referred to as jumping disease . In contrast to the related early summer meningoencephalitis (TBE), louping ill occurs rarely in humans, but it is classified as a zoonosis .
Pathogen and occurrence
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| LIV | ||||||||||||||||||
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The Louping ill virus (LIV) is a viral species in the genus Flavivirus . It is classified here in the group of tick-borne encephalitis viruses. The viruses are resistant to the cold, but are quickly inactivated upon heat treatment .
Sheep are particularly susceptible. The disease rarely occurs in other ruminants , dogs , rodents , rabbits , hedgehogs , bats , red grouse and humans.
The pathogen occurs mainly in the British Isles, Finland, Sweden, Portugal, Spain, France and Eastern Europe. The transmission takes place through the wooden trestle , which also serves as a reservoir for the pathogen . Tick bites seem to be of minor importance for human infections. Contact and droplet infections predominate here in people who work with the pathogen or who have close contact with infected animals (shepherds, veterinarians, butchers). Transmission via milk from infected animals also appears possible.
clinic
The incubation period is 4 to 7 days.
In sheep, central nervous symptoms such as muscle tremors, ataxia , movement disorders ("jumping sickness") and, in the further course, paralysis, lying and coma occur. The lethality is up to 50%.
In humans, the clinical picture is less dramatic. Severe meningoencephalitis develops after a two-peak fever, but the prognosis is favorable.
The diagnosis must be confirmed by a serological examination.
There is no specific therapy. There is a vaccine (ATCvet Code QI04AA01), but it is not used in Central Europe due to its rare occurrence. A preventive vaccination in humans is not appropriate because of the rarity of the disease.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019
- ↑ a b c d ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Yellow fever virus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
