Bosnian Franciscan Province

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Celebration of the beginning of the academic year 2010/2011 of the Franciscan Theological Faculty in Sarajevo
"Family tree" of the Franciscan provinces in Bosnia

The Franciscans (OFM) have been working in Bosnia and Herzegovina since the 13th century and are in the Franciscan Province of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross - Silver Bosnia ( Latin Provincia Ordinis Fratrum Minorum Exaltationis S. Crucis - Bosna Argentina ; Croatian Franjevačka provincija Sv. Križa - Bosna Srebrena ). The seat of the Provincial is today in Sarajevo .

From the 1430s onwards, the Franciscans replaced the Dominicans as inquisitors and missionaries in Bosnia. The mission of the Franciscans turned out to be more successful and they succeeded in (re) Catholicizing the members of the Bosnian Church . Deeply rooted in Bosnia, the Franciscans, together with merchants from Dubrovnik and German ("Saxon") miners, succeeded in developing a medieval urban culture that was not able to mature due to the conquest by the Ottomans in 1463.

From the 15th to the 19th century, the Franciscan order had a significant influence on the religious and political life of the Croatians in Bosnia and Herzegovina , in Dalmatia and Slavonia , some of which it still exercises today. Franciscans of the province are active in 82 parishes , mainly in Bosnia-Herzegovina but also in Croatia , Serbia and Kosovo . Some are pastoral workers in Albania , Australia , Belgium , Germany , France , Italy , Morocco , the Netherlands , Austria and Rwanda .

history

The first Friars Minor ("Minorites") of the Franciscan Order founded in 1210 came to Bosnia in 1291 . The first convent of the Franciscan was in Srebrenica built. Therefore the order called the country of its work Bosna Srebrenika or Bosna Srebrena . At that time, rich silver deposits were mined in the area around Srebrenica.

In the beginning, the brothers were mostly Germans, Hungarians and Italians. Because of the support of the establishment by local nobles, local brothers later predominated. The ruling Ban of Bosnia, Stjepan II. Kotromanić wrote to the Pope in April 1347 after he had entered the Roman Catholic Church . In his letter he asked the Pope to help him find experienced priests for Bosnia. Kotromanić wanted the brothers to be able to speak the national language. Towards the end of the 14th century, the Bosnian had Vikarie (Bosanske vikarije) 35 monasteries in seven custodies were organized. In 1514 the Vicarie was divided into the Bosnian-Croatian Vicariate (Bosnu-Hrvatsku) and the Bosna Argentina (Bosnu Srebrenu). Both vicarages were elevated to provinces in 1517.

After the conquest of Bosnia by the Ottoman Empire , the Franciscan province stretched from Dalmatia in the south to Buda in the north and Temesvár in the east. The order worked in the cities of Šibenik , Skradin , Knin , Sinj , Vrlika , Makarska , Zaostrog , Imotski , Rama , Fojnica , Olovo , Srebrenica , Kreševo , Mostar , Tuzla , Modriča , Požega , Đakovo , Udbina , Gračac , Kostajnica, Našice , Vinkovci , Osijek , Pécs and Budapest .

Altar in the Franciscan monastery of Kraljeva Sutjeska

The monastery of Kraljeva Sutjeska ("King's Gorge") was first mentioned in writing in 1385. In this region, the Franciscans were the only pastors and teachers for the common people for a long time . From the beginning of the 17th century, the Franciscans in Bosnia developed a rich literary activity in the Croatian language. In the course of history, this is how they reached most of the Croatians who spoke the štokavian dialect and sometimes also the čakavian dialect . As a result, the order made an important contribution to education and literature and to the preservation of the Croatian people in Bosnia, which was part of the Ottoman Empire.

Well-known members of the province

Province monasteries

cards

  • Bosnian Vicariate (1375)

  • Franciscan convents (15th century)

  • Bosna Srebrena (1679)

  • Bosna Srebrena (1729)

  • Bosna Srebrena (1762)

  • Apostolic Vicariate (18th and 19th centuries)

See also

literature

  • Author collective: Iz Bosne Srebrene . Ed .: Synopsis, Naša ognjišta (= II. Colo  . 6 vol.). Sarajevo / Tomislavgrad 2015, ISBN 978-953-7968-24-3 .
  • Author collective: Iz Bosne Srebrene . Ed .: Synopsis, Naša ognjišta (=  I. Kolo . 5 vol.). Sarajevo / Tomislavgrad 2003, ISBN 953-7968-24-3 .
  • Bazilije Pandžić : Bosna Argentina: Studies on the History of the Franciscan Order in Bosnia and Herzegovina . Böhlau, Vienna 1995.
  • Jozo Džambo: The Franciscans in Medieval Bosnia . Dietrich-Coelde-Verlag, Werl 1991, ISBN 3-87163-179-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Srećko Matko Džaja : Bosnia-Herzegovina . In: Edgar Hösch, Karl Nehring, Holm Sundhaussen (Hrsg.): Lexicon for the history of Southeast Europe . Böhlau Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-205-77193-1 , p. 124 f .
  2. ↑ bosnasrebrena.ba: Pastoral. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on August 12, 2017 ; Retrieved on August 19, 2017 (Croatian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bosnasrebrena.ba
  3. ↑ Noel Malcolm: History of Bosnia , S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1996, p. 35.
  4. ↑ "in fidei doctrina peritos et lingue croatice non ignaros" ["experienced in the teaching of the faith and not without knowledge of the Croatian language"]; see: Radoslav Katičić: "Slověnski" i "Hrvatski" kao zamjenjivi nazivi jezika hrvatske književnosti . In: Jezik: časopis za kulturu hrvatskoga književnog jezika . Vol. 36, No. 4, Zagreb, April 1989.
  5. ↑ bosnasrebrena.ba: Provincial History ( Memento of the original from March 2, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bosnasrebrena.ba