Miroslav Filipović

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Miroslav Filipović

Miroslav Filipović ( religious name from June 1932 to July 1942: Tomislav ; pseudonym from June 1942: Miroslav Majstorović ; born June 5, 1915 in Jajce , Austria-Hungary , † 1946 in Zagreb , Yugoslavia ) was a Roman Catholic priest of the Franciscan Order , later War criminal and collaborator with National Socialist Germany . During the Second World War he took part in massacres of Serbs , Jews and Roma in the " Independent State of Croatia " as a military chaplain of the Ustaše . After being expelled from the order, he was temporarily in command of the Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška concentration camps . After the war ended, Filipović was charged with war crimes and sentenced to death by hanging .

Life

Filipović was born on June 5, 1915, the son of Ante and Marica Filipović (née Radulović) in Jajce. He graduated from the Franciscan High School in Visoko and began his novitiate in the Bosnian Province of the Franciscan Order in Livno in June 1932 . When dressed , he took the religious name Tomislav . In 1933 he took his religious vows and began studying philosophy and theology in Sarajevo . He was ordained a priest in 1939 and finished his studies in Kraljeva Sutjeska . In mid-1940 he went to the Franciscan monastery of Petrićevac , a district of Banja Luka , as a priest .

After the Balkan campaign of the German Wehrmacht and the establishment of the " Independent State of Croatia ", a vassal state of National Socialist Germany in 1941, Filipović joined the Ustaše in January 1942. Until June 1942 he worked in Banja Luka as a chaplain of the 2nd  Poglavnik - Bodyguard - Battalion ( Poglavnikova tjelesna bojna - PTB ), an elite Ustaša troop . After this unit attacked three Serbian villages and murdered around 2,730 Serbs, over 2,300 Serbs alone (including women and children) in the Banja Luka massacre , Filipović was expelled from the Franciscan Order on April 28, 1942, after a temporary suspension . Because of the massacre, he was charged by a German court martial with "excessive crimes that sparked the uprising". The Ustaše Control Service ordered Filipović's arrest on March 1, 1942. He was accused of being the primary instigator of the massacres and spent 105 days in prison . Vjekoslav Luburić achieved his release and appointed him in June 1942 under the pseudonym Miroslav Majstorović as commandant of the Jasenovac concentration camp, where he remained until October 1942. As a commander, he was responsible for the deaths of up to 40,000 people, also according to his own statements. He confessed to personally killing over 100 people. On October 22, 1942, he took control of the Stara Gradiška concentration camp. According to survivors, he murdered prisoners in both camps - men, women and children - in a sadistic and brutal manner using hammers, knives or firearms. After the war, Filipović was accused by the authorities of communist Yugoslavia in Zagreb of having " participated in various so-called purges in Bosnia ". On June 29, 1945, he was sentenced to death by hanging .

literature

  • Zdravko Dizdar: FILIPOVIĆ, Miroslav . In: Darko Stuparić (ed.): Tko je tko u NDH: Hrvatska 1941. – 1945 [Who is who in the NDH: Croatia 1941–1945] . Minerva, Zagreb 1997, p. 114 f . (Croatian).
  • Tomislav Dulić: Utopias of nation: Local mass killing in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1941–42 (=  Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 218 ). Uppsala 2005, The Perpetrators at Jasenovac, p. 268 ff . (in detail on his role as a concentration camp commandant).
  • Sabrina P. Ramet: Personalities in the History of the NDH . In: Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions . tape 7 , no. 4 , 2006, p. 494 .

Web links

Commons : Miroslav Filipović  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Samuel Totten, Robert Paul Bartrop, Steven L. Jacobs Dictionary of Genocide: A-L . Greenwood Press, 2008. p. 231.
  2. ↑ a b c Vladimir Dedijer: Jasenovac: The Yugoslav Auschwitz and the Vatican . Ahriman, 1988, p. 166 .
  3. ^ A b Sabrina P. Ramet: Personalities in the History of the NDH . In: Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions . tape 7 , no. 4 , 2006, p. 494 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Zdravko Dizdar: FILIPOVIĆ, Miroslav. In: Darko Stuparić (ed.): Tko je tko u NDH: Hrvatska 1941. – 1945 [Who is who in NDH: Croatia 1941–1945]. Minerva, Zagreb 1997, p. 114 f.
  5. ↑ Lazar Lukajić: fratri i Ustaše Kolju . Belgrade 2005. List of murdered Serbs on pages 341 to 402
  6. ↑ a b Randall Meadow, Giuseppe Grillo: The 15th City . 2011. Page 127 f.
  7. ↑ Vladimir Dedijer: Jasenovac - the Yugoslav Auschwitz and the Vatican . Ahriman, 1988. p. 136
  8. ↑ a b Zeev Milo: In the satellite state of Croatia: an odyssey of survival 1941–1945 . Hartung-Gorre, Konstanz 2002. Page 71
  9. ^ A b Sabrina P. Ramet: The three Yugoslavias: state-building and legitimation, 1918–2005 . Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2006. Page 122 ff.
  10. ↑ Tomislav Dulić: Utopias of nation: Local mass killing in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1941–42 (=  Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 218 ). Uppsala 2005, The Perpetrators at Jasenovac, p. 269 f . (in detail on his role as a concentration camp commandant).
  11. ↑ Eugen Drewermann: Jesus of Nazareth: Liberation for Peace . Walter, 1996. page 694
  12. ^ Association Romano Centro: Roma: the unknown people: fate and culture . Böhlau, 1994. page 101
  13. ^ Juan A. Herrero: Medjugorje - Ecclesiastical Conflict, Theological Controversy, Ethnic Division . In: Joanne Marie Greer, David O. Moberg (Ed.): Research in the social scientific study of religion . 1999. page 142
  14. ↑ Michael Phayer: The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930-1965 . Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2000. page 38
  15. ^ Edmond Pâris: Genocide in satellite Croatia, 1941–1945: a record of racial and religious persecutions and massacres . American Institute for Balkan Affairs, 1961. page 137
  16. ↑ Jure Krišto: Katolička crkva i Nezavisna Država Hrvatska 1941-1945 . 1998. page 223
  17. ↑ Milan Bulajić: Ustaški zločini genocida i suđenje Andriji Artukoviću 1986. godine . tape 1 . Izdavačka radna organizacija "Rad", Beograd 1988, p. 663 .
  18. ↑ Ladislaus Hory, Martin Broszat: The Croatian Ustascha State, 1941–1945 . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1964, p. 173 .
personal data
SURNAME Filipović, Miroslav
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Filipović, Tomislav; Filipović-Majstorović, Tomislav
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ustaša militiaman, collaborator and concentration camp commander
DATE OF BIRTH June 5, 1915
PLACE OF BIRTH Jajce
DATE OF DEATH 1946
Place of death Zagreb