Brigittenau

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Brigittenau
XX. Viennese district
coat of arms map
Vienna - Brigittenau district, Wappen.svg
Innere Stadt Leopoldstadt Landstraße Wieden Margareten Mariahilf Neubau Josefstadt Alsergrund Favoriten Simmering Meidling Hietzing Penzing Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus Ottakring Hernals Währing Döbling Brigittenau Floridsdorf Donaustadt LiesingLocation of Brigittenau in Vienna (clickable map)
About this picture
Geographic location : 48 ° 14 '  N , 16 ° 22'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 14 '  N , 16 ° 22'  E
Surface: 5.67 km²
Residents: 86,368 (January 1, 2020)
Population density : 15,232 inhabitants / km²
Postal code : 1200
Address of the
district office:		 Brigittaplatz 10
1200 Vienna
Website: www.wien.gv.at
politics
District Head : Hannes Derfler ( SPÖ )
District council
election 2015
25th
15th
7th
3
1
3
1
1
25th 15th 7th 3 1 3 1 1 
A total of 56 seats

The Brigittenau is the 20th district of Vienna . It originated to a large extent on the new territory gained by the Viennese Danube regulation 1868–1875, to which the names of the most important thoroughfares, mostly named after members of the Danube Regulation Commission or tributaries of the Danube, can be traced back. It has no prominent historical center and was part of Vienna's 2nd district, Leopoldstadt , from 1850 until it was separated from it in 1900.

After the Brigittakapelle was built (1645–1651), the former Wolfsau, the Schottenau (a meadow of the same name was owned by the Schottenstift also in today's 9th district ) and the Taborau (see Am Tabor ) were called "Brigittenau".

This name was then also given to the new district in 1900, which also includes part of the former village of Zwischenbrücken .

geography

View from the Millennium Tower over the 20th district

location

Brigittenau is located north of the 2nd Leopoldstadt district on an island between the Danube Canal and the Danube in the north-eastern center of Vienna's urban area. The mean height of the district area is 162.4  m above sea level. A. The area was originally called Unterer Werd (Werd, also Werder = island in the river). The character of the district area was greatly changed by the Danube regulation . The alluvial forest and the arms of the Danube gradually disappeared. Brigittenau covers an area of ​​5.67 km² or 1.4% of Vienna's urban area. This puts Brigittenau in the lower middle field of Vienna's municipal districts. Due to its location, around 21% of the district area is accounted for by bodies of water, the second highest value in Vienna. The bank of the Danube Canal south of the Friedensbrücke is part of the outer zone of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Historic Center of Vienna . While green spaces are represented below average, the proportion of traffic areas is among the highest.

geology

The Brigittenau lies on the western edge of the Vienna basin . The deeper subsoil of the Vienna Basin consists of flysch rock in the Brigittenau . As a result of the demolition of the Vienna Basin, this layer is only 200 meters above the Brigittenauer Spitz, whereas in intermediate bridges it is already 2,000 meters deep. During the Middle Miocene ( Baden layer ) the basin collapsed and fresh water deposits (sands and conglomerates) were deposited to a lesser extent. From the east the sea deposited clay marl , sands and algae limestone, the thickness of which increases to the east. In the Sarmat (Upper Miocene), the severing of the sea created a brackish water fauna and the deposition of clay marl. This layer also increases in thickness from west to east. At the Brigittenauer Spitz it is 10 meters below the surface, at intermediate bridges at a depth of 360 meters. The more and more silted up freshwater lake formed again tegel deposits during the Pannon . The Brigittenau area is covered by Quaternary deposits that are 10 to 15 meters thick. Its lower layers consist mainly of gravel with layers of sand and gravel. In the area between Heiligenstädter Brücke , Franz-Josefs-Bahnhof , Augarten and Freightbahnhof , loam , loamy fine sands and loess-like deposits rest on it . The gravel deposits come from the erosion processes of the Ice Ages ( Pleistocene ), which landed large amounts of gravel. The Danube cut wide terraces into these deposits, with the Brigittenau located in the area of ​​the "zone of recent meanders", which represents the post-glacial part of the Prater terrace. Changing floods and the repeated relocation of the arms of the Danube and the formation of new gravel banks led to a low deposit height of only 10 to 15 meters. Above the gravel deposits there are gray and brown floodplain soils .

Land use

The construction area of ​​Brigittenau comprises 38.7% (Vienna-wide 33.32%) of the district area. The share of residential building space in the total building land is 64.2%. Other 21.2% is attributable to business development area and 10.7% on land that the cultural, religious, sporting or public area dedicated are. Green spaces only take up 7.9% in Brigittenau, which means that Brigittenau is in the lower third of Vienna's municipal districts. 66% of the green space is allocated to parks, 22.3% to sports and leisure areas, the rest to allotment gardens and meadows. Due to the large proportions of the Danube Canal and Danube, bodies of water take up 20.9% of the district area. This is the second highest value in a district. The proportion of traffic areas in the district area is the fourth highest value in Vienna at 32.9%.

In 2012, the first areas for communal agricultural use ( urban gardening ) were developed. In Hellwagstrasse 21 and 23 there are 30 parcels available on 300 square meters.

Land use in hectares (2001)
Construction area Green space Waters Traffic areas
219.17 43 118.26 186.24
Housing Service area public facilities Agriculture Parks Woods grasslands Allotments Leisure areas
140.65 46.4 23.43 0 28.38 0 3.73 1.31 9.58

Neighboring districts

Brigittenau is bounded in the west by the Danube Canal, which separates the district of Döbling in the north-west and the Alsergrund in the south-west. The district border runs along the right bank, which means that the water area of ​​the Danube Canal is part of Brigittenau. In the east, the left bank of the Danube ( Danube Island ) forms the border with the Floridsdorf district . Here, too, the water surface of the Danube belongs to the Brigittenau district. The district boundaries of Brigittenau, Floridsdorf, Donaustadt and Leopoldstadt meet to the south-east of Brigittenauer Brücke , with the southern boundary of Brigittenau forming the northern boundary of Leopoldstadt. This border runs across the Danube and then along the Innstraße - Dresdner Straße - Nordbahnstraße - Taborstraße - Nordwestbahnstraße - Rauscherstraße (Augarten Wall) - Wasnergasse (Augarten Wall) and Perinetgasse over the Danube Canal.

District parts

The Brigittenau is made up of two formerly not related localities, the eponymous Brigittenau and intermediate bridges . Both were subject to a manorial rule until 1848/1849 . When this was abolished in the course of the revolution in 1848 , two independent municipalities were not created here, as both places were incorporated into Vienna by Lower Austrian provincial law as early as 1850 .

In 1900, intermediate bridges were divided between Leopoldstadt and the Brigittenau district. The southern part of Zwischenbrück is now in Leopoldstadt, the eastern part fell victim to the Danube regulation . 463.84 hectares of the 567.67 hectare large parish are occupied by the cadastral community of the same name, Brigittenau. Only the water surface of the Danube belongs to three other cadastral communities, most of which are in the Floridsdorf district. These are 31 hectares from Donaufeld , 42.83 hectares from Floridsdorf and 30 hectares from Schwarzen Lackenau . The district area is further broken down into the counting districts of the official statistics, in which the counting areas of the municipality are summarized. The eight counting districts in Brigittenau are Kapaunplatz, Zwischenbrücken, Brigittaplatz, Lorenz-Müller-Gasse, Wallensteinstraße , Wexstraße, Höchstädtplatz and Nordwestbahnhof.

history

Late Middle Ages and Turkish sieges

The first known owners of this area were the Babenbergs in the 11th century . The area was around 1096 by Leopold III. given away to the monastery of St. Maria Nivenburg he founded (today's Klosterneuburg monastery ). At that time the owners changed frequently because the monastery often gave away, sold and leased the area.

The area was first mentioned in a chronicle in the 13th century. The Viennese called it "Werd" (= island). The first settlers were fishermen, hunters and lumberjacks. Gardeners and landlords also settled here later. In 1463/64 the striking bridge (in the area of ​​today's Schwedenbrücke in the 2nd district) was built, this was one of the first bridges over today's Danube Canal. The first written mention of this area as Brigittenau took place in 1670, earlier names were not only Werd but also Schottenau and Wolfsau .

In the course of the first Turkish siege of Vienna in 1529, heavy fighting broke out in the area of ​​what was then the Danube Islands. In 1532 the army that had been raised to repel another Turkish attack on Vienna was camped in Wolfsau . Parts of the same were involved in the extermination of the troops led by Kasim Bey ( Akıncı ) in the same year . From 1536 to 1540, building sites were given away to those citizens who had lost their houses during the Turkish siege.

During the second Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683, the Wolfsschanze and the area of ​​today's Friedensbrücke were fiercely contested, the Brigittakapelle was partially destroyed, but was rebuilt in 1695.

Thirty Years' War

During the Thirty Years War on April 9, 1645, the Swedish army under Lennart Torstensson captured Wolfsschanze. Imperial troops recaptured the area in a four-day battle at today's Brigittakapelle . This is how the Brigitta legend came about, which the Brigitta Chapel reminds us of today . From then on, the area was also called Brigittenau after this saint .

Late 17th to 19th centuries

The former Tabor bridge over the still unregulated Danube, built until 1698

The Tabor Bridge was built from 1688 to 1698. A new thoroughfare "Between the Bridges" was created and the Wolfsbrücke was therefore relocated in a downstream direction. In 1695 the Brigittakapelle was rebuilt. The Hof- und Landjägeramt established a pheasantry in 1732 . In 1796 a chapel consecrated to Johann von Nepomuk was built near the Tabor Bridge .

The first craft businesses settled in Brigittenau around 1810, including a sheet metal shop, a steam sawmill and a fire engine factory. In 1828 the Colosseum , operated as an entertainment venue since 1834, was built. A devastating ice rush and a major flood caused enormous damage in 1830. In 1843 Carl Hör , who had already run the Colosseum , which was operated until 1842 , opened the Universum amusement location , after which today's Universumstrasse is named.

After the Kaiser Ferdinands-Nordbahn was opened in 1837 as the first steam railway of the Austrian Empire on the Floridsdorf - Deutsch-Wagram section , a year later it crossed the Danube in the area of ​​today's Brigittenau to the Nordbahnhof at what will later be the Praterstern . In the years 1840 to 1842, the first rail-bound horse-drawn tram in Vienna drove along today's Jägerstraße, coming from the Danube Canal , to the Colosseum . The remaining alluvial forest was cleared in 1846, in its place nurseries were built (in the area of ​​Vorgartenstrasse in the north of today's district).

The revolutionary year of 1848 also shook Vienna. Robert Blum , a native of Cologne and a member of the all-German Frankfurt National Assembly , came to Vienna to support the democrats against the reactionaries. After the defeat of the Viennese October insurrection , he was in "Brigittawaldl" by the imperial November 9, 1848 military at standing court shot.

In 1850 the suburbs of Vienna were incorporated into the city of Vienna. These included Brigittenau, Leopoldstadt , also located between the Danube and the Danube Canal, and other localities, such as Kaisermühlen , which was then this side of the Danube . From these places the 2nd district of Vienna, Leopoldstadt, was formed.

Another major flood in 1862 led to the concrete planning of the Viennese Danube regulation : Construction of the comprehensive regulation measures began in 1870, as was the construction of the north-west railway station on the site of the former “Universe” near today's Tabor.

In 1866 the Austrian Empire lost the German War against Prussia, which was fighting for supremacy . The Kingdom of Hanover had fought alongside Austria and lost; it was annexed by Prussia. The Kingdom of Saxony was also on the losing side and had to join the North German Confederation under Prussia's leadership . As a result, topographical names were decided specifically in the later 20th district in honor of the two allies: The Hanover Market , Dresdner Strasse and Leipziger Platz recall the last attempt by Old Austria to remain the leading power in Germany.

In 1867 construction began on Brigittakirche , which was inaugurated in 1874. In 1871 the north-west railway bridge over the Danube and the Brigittabrücke (today Friedensbrücke ) were built over the Danube Canal , in 1873 the north railway bridge over the Danube. In the same year the construction of the north-west station was finished. In 1870 , the popular entertainment establishment " Universum " had to be demolished to make way for the station .

In 1874, the Kaiser-Franz-Josephs-Brücke (Kaiser-Franz-Josephs-Brücke) leading over the still unused river bed was inaugurated, in its place today the Floridsdorfer Brücke is located. In 1875 the electricity was finally diverted to the new bed; The regulation resulted in large building land gains in Brigittenau. From 1883 to 1884 the Kaiser-Franz-Joseph-Government Jubilee Bridge (today Heiligenstädter Bridge ) was built over the Danube Canal.

The steam tramway Vienna– Stammersdorf was opened in 1886. The route to this village, which is now in the 21st district, led through Jägerstrasse , Stromstrasse and Marchfeldstrasse and over Kaiser-Franz-Josephs-Brücke. In 1897 the first electric tram ran in Vienna . The transversal line (now line 5) connected the Viennese terminal stations of the north, north-west, Franz-Josephs and west lines and, coming from the 2nd district, ran along Augarten (Rauscherstrasse) and Wallensteinstrasse through today's 20th district, then across the Brigittabrücke to the 9th district.

At the junction of the Danube Canal from the main stream of the Danube had a floating barrier, known since 1873 blockship , limits the water flow if necessary. Instead, from 1894 to 1898 Otto Wagner built the Nussdorf weir (with the Schemerl Bridge) and next to it a lock chamber for shipping.

House Rauscherstraße 14 by Wilhelm Stiassny - example of a representative apartment building near the Augarten

In the decades around 1900 there was a strong population increase in Brigittenau. The housing options were not very prestigious and therefore inexpensive; Brigittenau became a working class district. An exception to this is the area between Augarten ( Wasnergasse ) and Wallensteinplatz, in which representative upper-class apartment buildings were built around 1900. This part (in addition to Brigittaplatz and a few other smaller areas) makes up the main part of the Brigittenau protection zone defined by the City of Vienna.

20th and 21st centuries

Monument on the Hanover market to commemorate the establishment of Brigittenau as an independent district of Vienna
Former Brigitta Hospital

On March 24, 1900, at the request of Brigittenau politicians in the era of the Christian Social Mayor Karl Lueger, Brigittenau was separated from the 2nd district. Brigittenau was declared the 20th district of Vienna by the municipal council; this remained the highest district number until Floridsdorf was incorporated as the 21st district in 1904/1905. In 1904/1905 the building of the municipal district office for the 20th district was built on Brigittaplatz opposite the Brigittakirche.

In 1905, a private charity opened a men's home at Meldemannstrasse 27 , which was unusual for the time. The house had individual cabins for the residents, a canteen, dining room, reading room and bathrooms and was visited by Emperor Franz Joseph I in the opening year . The city of Vienna took over the management of the house. The young Adolf Hitler lived here from February 9, 1910 to May 1913, when he moved to Munich .

On July 7th, 1906, Anton Karas was born in Leystraße 46. In 1948, the zither player was hired by director Carol Reed to play the music for the film The Third Man and from 1949 onwards he became known worldwide with his Harry Lime theme .

The tram depot in Wexstrasse was put into operation in 1907. It served as a depot for lines 3, 34 and V. In 1910, the steam tramway to Stammersdorf was replaced by the electric tram (line 31). From 1911 to 1985 the Brigittenau gasometer, supplied by the Leopoldau gasworks , was located in Forsthausgasse . The renovation of the Kaiser-Franz-Josephs-Brücke began in 1912. The structure, now called Floridsdorfer Brücke , was only opened after the First World War , in 1922.

In 1913, during a rally in the hall of the Nordwestbahnhof, the Social Democratic Reichsrat member Franz Schuhmeier was murdered by Paul Kunschak, the brother of the Christian social politician Leopold Kunschak .

In 1914, Count Alexander Kolowrat-Krakowsky founded Sascha-Film , which initially produced at Treustraße 76. The Brigitta Hospital was built at Stromstrasse 34 by the private association for the establishment and construction of a hospital in the 20th district of Vienna .

On November 26, 1927, the world's first ski hall was opened in Brigittenau by the mayor of Vienna, Karl Seitz . The hall known as the “Snow Palace” was located in the former Northwest Railway Station and was 3,000 square meters in size.

The communal residential complex Winarsky-Hof , in the planning of which well-known architects such as Adolf Loos and Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky were involved from 1921 , was handed over to its destination in 1924. The old Brigittabrücke over the Danube Canal was replaced by the Friedensbrücke, which was built between 1924 and 1926. In 1926 the accident hospital in Webergasse was set up under the direction of Lorenz Böhler . The large residential complex at Friedrich-Engels-Platz near Floridsdorfer Brücke , begun in 1930, was completed in 1932.

1934–1938 the democratic development of the district was interrupted by the dictatorship known as the “corporate state” and referred to by critics as Austrofascism . The Friedrich-Engels-Platz in Floridsdorfer bridge was in 1934 Place Father Abel renamed; this was reversed after 1945.

The Nazi dictatorship that followed in 1938 and the Second World War also left their mark on Brigittenau. In 1938 the terror against Jewish citizens, displacement and mass murder began. The Karajangasse school became the first assembly camp, where Bruno Kreisky , among many others, was held for a short time. The Nazi exhibition Degenerate Art took place in the hall of the north-west train station, where in the spring of 1938 major events for the “Anschluss” to the German Reich were held .

The radio dealer Anton Schmid from Brigittenau tried in 1941/1942 as a soldier in occupied Poland to protect Jews from murder. He was shot dead by the Nazi regime in Vilnius in 1942 . In 1967 he was honored in Israel as Righteous Among the Nations . In Brigittenau, the Anton-Schmid-Promenade on the Danube Canal and a community building are a reminder of him.

In 1943, construction of the flak towers began in Augarten (in the 2nd district, just on the border with Brigittenau) . The first American bombing raid on Vienna on July 16, 1944 caused severe damage in the Brigittenau. In April 1945 there was severe bomb damage to the district office, Brigittakirche, Leyschule and many other buildings. The All Saints Church was completely destroyed. Like almost all Danube bridges, the Floridsdorfer Bridge was blown up by withdrawing German troops. In the four-sector city of Vienna, Brigittenau fell into the Soviet zone of occupation until 1955.

On May 19, 1946, the Floridsdorf Bridge was reopened as the Malinowsky Bridge , in honor of the Soviet Marshal Rodion Jakowlewitsch Malinowski , the commander of the 2nd Ukrainian Front , which captured Vienna. Since 1956 the bridge has been called Floridsdorfer Brücke again. The Döblinger Steg and the Friedensbrücke were rebuilt. The destroyed Nordwestbahnhof hall was demolished in 1952; Passenger traffic on the urban line was finally ended on May 31, 1959 and relocated to Vienna Praterstern station in the 2nd district.

The new Globus publishing house designed by Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky opened on Höchstädtplatz in 1956 . The communist daily Volksstimme was published here until 1990 . Until 1992, this was the seat of the KPÖ , which then sold the building.

Since 1962, the Wiener Schnellbahn has been running with the Traisengasse stop on the northern line through Brigittenau, and today's Wien Handelskai transport station was added later . The Belt Bridge over the Danube Canal on Adalbert-Stifter-Straße was opened in 1964.

In 1972 the new Lorenz Böhler Accident Hospital opened in Donaueschingenstrasse . The new building of the General Accident Insurance Fund was opened in 1977, a year later the newly built Floridsdorfer Bridge next to the dilapidated old one, which was subsequently removed. The Brigittenau Bridge between the Nordbahnbrücke and Reichsbrücke was opened in 1982 as the seventh Vienna Danube Bridge . The new building of the Technological Trade Museum (TGM) in Wexstrasse, which replaced the old school building in the 9th district, was opened on October 4, 1987.

The suburban line (S45) of the Schnellbahn was extended on May 23, 1993 from Heiligenstadt in the 19th district to a provisional stop at Floridsdorfer Bridge, which was in operation until May 4, 1996. From then on, the new Handelskai station , also a U6 station , became the terminus of the S45. The U6, opened in 1996, runs from the Gürtel through Brigittenau to Floridsdorf . The Jägerstraße , Dresdner Straße and Handelskai stations are located in the district area .

In 1996 there was a change in the boundary to the 19th district, Döbling, in the area of ​​the Nussdorfer Lände on the Danube Canal. As a result, the Brigittenau lost a bank area on the other side, i.e. west of the Danube Canal, to Döbling and in return received the northern tip of the Brigittenau spur, which had previously belonged to Döbling.

In 1999 Gustav Peichl , Boris Podrecca and Rudolf F. Weber completed the Millennium Tower , which was then the tallest building in Vienna, next to the Handelskai underground and S-Bahn station .

From 2002 to 2006, parts of Brigittenau (Wallensteinstrasse, Augarten, Nordwestbahnhof, Zwischenbrücken) together with parts of Leopoldstadt (Stuwerviertel, Nordbahnhof, Volkertviertel) were declared an EU Objective 2 development area of ​​Vienna and were subject to extensive renovation measures.

Hanover market after the general renovation. Recording from 2010

In 2003 the Hanover market, the largest market in Brigittenau, was reopened after a general renovation.

The phenomenon of gentrification has been observed in the 20th district since 2007 . Places like Wallensteinplatz , Hannovermarkt or Universumstraße are the centers of the boom in the 20th district . In 2017 the largest student residence in Vienna opened at Dresdner Straße 107 with 633 places. The opening of a hotel for millennials with coworking spaces under the niu Franz brand is planned for 2018 .

From 2020, a new district is to be built on the 44 hectare site of the former north-west train station . According to the urban planning model of the City of Vienna, 10 hectares of the entire area will be converted into public green space, the Green Center . A reuse concept based on the example of the High Line Park in New York was developed for the approach route to the former train station .

population

Population development
Source: Statistics Austria

Population development

The current district area of ​​Brigittenau comprised only 15,922 residents in 1869 as part of what was then Leopoldstadt. After the completion of the Danube regulation in 1875, the population began to rise sharply from the 1880s onwards due to the acquisition of new areas. In the 1880s and 1890s Brigittenau was the fastest growing part of Vienna and in 1910 the district reached a peak of 101,326 residents. After the First World War, the population of Brigittenau gradually decreased, with the increased need for living space playing a role in particular. Until the 1980s, the population declined and in 1991 marked a low of 71,876 district residents.

As early as the 1990s - a decade earlier than in most other municipal districts - the population began to grow again as a result of immigration and in 2001 it numbered 76,268 people. By 2009 the population rose to 82,369 people and a population forecast by Statistics Austria from this year assumed population growth to 89,587 people by 2030.

South-eastern area of ​​the former north-west train station. A new district with 12,000 inhabitants is to be built on the site of the former north-west train station by 2025.

However, this prognosis was suddenly overtaken by reality due to the rapid growth of the city and newly defined urban development areas. At the beginning of 2015, the district already had 85,380 residents. Brigittenau is one of the most densely populated districts in Vienna. The current model for urban development of the City of Vienna also assumes growth of 12,000 people by moving to the urban development area Nordwestbahnhof by 2025.

Population structure

The age structure of the district population in 2005 was slightly younger than the Viennese average. The number of children under the age of 15 was 14.9%, slightly higher than that of Vienna as a whole (14.6%). The proportion of the population between 15 and 59 years of age was 64.7% (Vienna: 63.4%), significantly above the average, while the proportion of people aged 60 or more was 20.5% (Vienna: 22, 0%) was significantly lower. The gender distribution in the 2001 district area was 48.6% men and 51.4% women, the number of the married population with a share of 41.0% compared to 41.2% was slightly below the average for Vienna.

Origin and language

The proportion of foreign residents in the district was 26.2% in 2005 (Vienna: 18.7%). This was the third highest value of a Viennese district. As in the entire federal state, the proportion of foreigners is growing; in 2001 the proportion was still 24.1%. The highest proportion of foreigners in 2005 was made up of around 7.0% of the district population, citizens of Serbia and Montenegro . Another 5.4% were Turkish , 1.6% each Polish or Bosnian and 1.4% Croatian citizens. In 2001, a total of 31.0% of the district population was not born in Austria. 9.4% spoke Serbian as the colloquial language , 9.3% Turkish and 3.3% Croatian .

Creed

Due to the high proportion of foreigners, Brigittenau had one of the lowest proportions of people with a Roman Catholic faith in 2001 with 42.4% (Vienna: 49.2%). There are two Roman Catholic parishes in the municipality that belong to the city ​​dean's office 2/20 . The proportion of people with Islamic faith reached 14.1%, the second highest value in Vienna. The proportion of Orthodox believers, at 8.4%, was also well above average. The proportion of Protestant residents was 3.1%, below the average. In 2001, 24.7% of the district population did not belong to any religious community, a further 7.4% had given no or another religion.

politics

District chairman since 1945
Josef Wolf (unknown) 4 / 1945–7 / 1945
Karl Michal ( SPÖ ) 1945-1954
Franz Koblizka ( SPÖ ) 1954-1969
Johann Stroh ( SPÖ ) 1969-1988
Anton Deistler ( SPÖ ) 1978-1987
Karl Lacina ( SPÖ ) 1987-2008
Hannes Derfler ( SPÖ ) 2008–

In the Brigittenau district, the SPÖ has always been the party with the most votes and for a long time had an absolute majority. In 1996 the absolute majority of the SPÖ's votes was broken by massive losses to the FPÖ . With 31.1%, the FPÖ in Brigittenau achieved the third best result in Vienna. As early as 2001, however, the SPÖ was able to regain an absolute majority of the votes, as the FPÖ lost most of its votes in the course of its general downturn. This downturn continued in 2005, when the FPÖ only received 16.6% of the votes and thus only half of the 1996 votes. The SPÖ, on the other hand, was able to expand its absolute majority and came to 56.3%. The influence of the ÖVP traditionally played no role in Brigittenau and increased slightly in 2005 from a low level to 11.5%. The ÖVP was overtaken by the Greens in 2005 , which received 12.2% of the vote. In 2010 the FPÖ was again able to gain strong votes and achieved its second-best result with 27.9%. This increase was at the expense of all other larger parties, which had to accept significant loss of votes. The SPÖ lost its absolute majority of votes with 47.8%, but was able to defend an absolute majority in the district councils with 27 mandates.

District council elections 1991–2015
year SPÖ ÖVP FPÖ GREEN NEOS GFW LIF BZÖ Others
1991 56.6 13.0 21.6 6.6 - - nk - 2.2
1996 45.5 10.0 31.1 6.4 - - 5.1 - 1.9
2001 53.4 10.4 22.2 10.5 - - 2.6 - 0.9
2005 56.3 11.5 16.6 12.2 - - 0.5 1.1 2.9
2010 47.8 8.5 27.9 12.0 - - 0.8 1.0 2.1
2015 41.7 5.7 30.1 13.3 4.5 2.4 - nk 2.3

coat of arms

Brigittenau coat of arms

The Brigittenau coat of arms consists of two parts. The upper part of the coat of arms represents the coat of arms of the former, independent municipality of Brigittenau, with the upright, silver anchor on a blue background symbolizing shipping on the Danube and the Danube Canal . Below is the symbol for the former municipality of Zwischenbrücken . It shows a red tongue on a silver background, surrounded by a golden halo, which is studded with five five-pointed golden stars. The coat of arms symbolizes St. John Nepomuk , the patron saint of the bridges, and stands for the area originally between the main river of the Danube and its Kaiserwasser.

Culture and sights

Culture

Sacred buildings

Brigittakirche, built from 1867 to 1874 according to plans by Friedrich von Schmidt

architecture

High-rise with suspended construction; Established 1972–1977 as AUVA headquarters
The redesigned Wallensteinplatz

museum

The district has a museum: The Brigittenau District Museum at Dresdner Straße 79 is dedicated to the district's history, which is presented using plans, pictures, views and models. There is also the history of the Danube and special exhibitions. The museum also focuses on commercial and industrial history, transport, everyday and social life and the mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauß .

Memorials

  • Commemorative plaque for Anton Karas , Austrian zither player and composer of the Harry Lime theme (English: The Third Man Theme) for Carol Reed's film The Third Man , on the corner of Marchfeldstrasse and Leystrasse.
Memorial plaque to Anton Karas
  • Karajangasse Memorial. A Gestapo prison was set up in 1938 on the premises of today's Brigittenau grammar school . Hundreds of inmates were held in classrooms here until they were transported to Dachau - among them Dr. Bruno Kreisky and Fritz Grünbaum . Today the place houses two contemporary history exhibitions: "When schools became prisons" and "The lost island".
  • Memorial plaque commemorating the Reichspogromnacht 1938, in Kluckygasse 11–13, the location of the Brigittenauer Temple (formerly the largest synagogue in Brigittenau).
  • Memorial plaque in Pappenheimgasse 31 in memory of Anton Schmid . Anton Schmid was a sergeant in the dispersal office in Vilna. He used his service function to save numerous Jews from the Vilna ghetto, was therefore sentenced to death and publicly executed in Vilnius. In May 1967, Yad Vashem posthumously dubbed him "Righteous of the Nations".
  • Memorial plaque for Else Feldmann in Staudingergasse 9. Else Feldmann was a writer and author of socially critical novels such as “Löwenzahn. A childhood". She was murdered on June 17, 1942 in the Sobibor extermination camp.

Sports

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Northwest Station

Traffic areas take up over 40 percent of Brigittenau's land area; the proportion of green space, however, is just under ten percent. The former Nordwestbahnhof container terminal and the Nussdorf junction are particularly noticeable because of their space requirements. The traffic load is high, as important connecting axes lead across the Danube through the district. Upstream, the next bridge over the Danube, the Rosenbrücke, is only 30 kilometers away in Tulln . In 2001, 86 percent of Brigittenau employees commuted to work outside the district.

railroad

Brigittenau station on the Donauuferbahn

Three railway lines cross the district. The most important route is the northern line, which is part of the main high-speed rail line in this section . The stations also served by regional trains are Vienna Traisengasse and Vienna Handelskai . The Danube Bank Railway , which is mainly used for freight traffic, runs between the Handelskai and the right Danube promenade. From Brigittenau station, which is not used for passenger traffic, trains go to the stations Nussdorf , Vienna Heiligenstadt , Nordwestbahnhof and Donauuferbahnhof. This station also includes the middle platform  11-12 of the Vienna Handelskai station building at street level , where the trains of the S45 S-Bahn line coming from Heiligenstadt  have their terminus. An extension of this line to the south was considered in 2003, but is currently without any concrete implementation intention. The north-west station was used as a freight terminal; the feeder line as the remainder of the former Nordwestbahn is connected to the Brigittenau station, both in the direction of the Franz-Josefs-Bahn and the Donauuferbahn. After the freight station has been relocated to the Inzersdorf freight terminal, which is scheduled to go into operation in 2017, the area is to be developed as a new district by 2025.

Public transport

Lines of the Verkehrsverbund Ost-Region
in the 20th district

Trunk line (Vienna) Suburban line U6

2 5 31 33

5A 5B 11A 11B 37A

N29 N31 N64

With numerous S-Bahn lines , an underground line , several tram , bus and night bus routes , the district is accessible by public transport across the board. Regional and S-Bahn trains stop at the stations Wien Traisengasse (1962) and Wien Handelskai (1996) on the main S-Bahn line. The U6 line with the Jägerstraße , Dresdner Straße and Handelskai stations has been crossing the district in an east-west direction since 1996. On the other side of the Danube Canal, but close to the district border, many passengers use the Vienna Heiligenstadt and Vienna Franz-Josefs-Bahnhof stations as well as the Vienna Spittelau and Friedensbrücke stations .

Road traffic

A22 Nussdorf - Nordbrücke junction
toll motorway
B14 Handelskai - Nussdorf junction - Nussdorf high street
from Friedrich-Engels-Platz toll-free road
B14a Brigittenauer Brücke
toll-free road
221 Belt Bridge
226 Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse - Floridsdorfer Bridge
227 Brigittenauer Lände - Nussdorf junction
from the Gürtelbrücke toll-free road

A feeder road and five main roads B (former federal highways ) - some of which are designated as toll-free roads - open up the district as high-level traffic routes. Central nodes are the extensive Nussdorf node and the Gürtel bridge .

Of the approximately 62 kilometers of municipal roads, around 3 kilometers are designated as pedestrian zones and almost 2 kilometers as residential streets. The entire district is included in the Viennese parking space management and thus designated as a fee-based short-term parking zone; Different regulations apply in Wallensteinstrasse and Klosterneuburger Strasse. There are also eight parking garages available to drivers. There are three car sharing and seven taxi stands in Brigittenau .

Bicycle traffic

The district has a dense, but sometimes patchy network of cycle routes with a length of around 30 kilometers, two thirds of which are designated as cycle paths. The most important cycle routes run along the banks of the Danube and Danube Canal and along the U6 underground line. The Nussdorfer Steg is a crossing point of two international EuroVelo long-distance cycle routes . The Danube Cycle Path is part of the river route EV6 from the Atlantic to the Black Sea and runs from Nussdorf along the Danube Canal to the Nussdorfer Steg, on over the Steinitzsteg and along the left bank of the New Danube to the Lobau . The Baltic-Adriatic Route (EV9) from the Baltic Sea to the Adriatic leads from Stammersdorf via Steinitzsteg and Nussdorfer Steg to the right bank of the Danube Canal and further into the center. The 20th district has six stations operated by the free bike provider Citybike Wien .

shipping

Danube Canal at the Nussdorf junction

On the right bank of the Danube there are berths for cargo ships, otherwise has Danube shipping for the District of little importance. The Danube Canal is used for excursion boats, but there are no landing stages in Brigittenau. The introduction of a regular service with vaporetti is always up for discussion, there are currently no concrete plans. The Nussdorf weir and lock system is named after Nussdorf in the 19th district, but is mostly located in the 20th district.

bridges

Brigittenau Bridge
U6 Danube Canal Bridge
Schemerl Bridge

Like Leopoldstadt , Brigittenau lies entirely on an island between the Danube and the Danube Canal . The bridges over these two rivers are therefore of particular importance.

Six bridges over the Danube connect Brigittenau with the 21st district (order downstream).

19 bridges over the Danube Canal connect Brigittenau with the 19th district (up to and including the Gürtelbrücke) and further downstream with the 9th district .

The northern runway and the approach route to the north-west station cross the traffic areas below by means of eight or six bridges. Further bridges and footbridges can be found in the Nussdorf junction area and in the vicinity of the Danube and Danube Canal bridges mentioned. Pedestrians and sometimes cyclists can cross the Handelskai and the Donauuferbahn via the Aignersteg and four other unnamed footbridges.

Schools and universities

Important places

The Gauss Square. In the background the battle tower (flak tower) from the Second World War in Augarten and the Church of Our Lady .
The Millennium Tower

Important buildings

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistics Austria - Population at the beginning of 2002–2020 by municipalities (area status 01/01/2020)
  2. ↑ District council elections 2015
  3. ↑ "With us in the 20th" - District history of Brigittenau
  4. ^ Franz Kaiser: The Brigittenau. Vienna 1975 p. 9
  5. ^ Friedrich Brix: The geological picture of Brigittenau (Vienna XX) in the past and present. In: Franz Kaiser: The Brigittenau. Vienna 1975
  6. ↑ a b c Municipal Department 5 (MA5): Types of use by district ( Memento from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ↑ Schwedenbrücke - Schweden / Österreich, Volume 32, Issue No. 1-2008, page 16 ff. ( Memento of the original from September 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oesterreichschweden.com
  8. ↑ Gertrud Gerhartl: The defeat of the Turks at Steinfeld 1532 (= military historical series, issue 26). Österreichischer Bundesverlag, 3rd, unchanged edition, Vienna 1989, ISBN 3-215-01668-0 , p. 3f.
  9. ^ Brigitte Hamann : Hitler's Vienna. Apprenticeship years of a dictator , Piper, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-492-03598-1 , p. 227 ff.
  10. ↑ Peter Payer : Forgotten Traumfabriken , in: Der Standard daily newspaper , Vienna, April 2, 2016, p. Album A 3
  11. ↑ Ernst Schättle: Ski hall in Brigittenau: Snow made from soda for 1.50 schillings ( Memento of the original from December 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Wiener Bezirkszeitung from December 12, 2013. Online at mein district.at. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.meiniertel.at
  12. ↑ Law on a change in the boundary between the 19th and 20th district, LGBl. For Vienna No. 34/1996, issued on July 24, 1996
  13. ^ Objective 2 Vienna - data and facts
  14. ↑ Melanie Manner: Loft apartments: It depends on the peripheral location ( Memento from October 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). Wirtschaftsblatt from September 10, 2010. Online atwirtschaftsblatt.at.
  15. ^ Franziska Zoidl: New large student dormitories for Vienna
  16. ↑ STANDARD Verlagsgesellschaft mbH: High-priced student residence in Vienna celebrates the roof top . In: derStandard.at . ( derstandard.at [accessed on September 3, 2017]).
  17. ↑ Vienna will get a new hotel for millennials in 2018 . In: travel4news . July 25, 2017 ( travel4news.at [accessed September 3, 2017]).
  18. ↑ Profi Reisen Verlagsgesellschaft mbH: niu expands to Austria: first hotel in Vienna comes in 2018 »news | tma - travel management austria. Retrieved September 3, 2017 .
  19. ↑ Nordwestbahnhof: Vienna's last future area. In: DiePresse.com. October 7, 2010, accessed January 7, 2018 .
  20. ^ Linear landscapes
  21. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from October 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gbstern.at
  22. ↑ Census of May 15, 2001. Final resident population and number of citizens. District of Vienna: Vienna 20th, Brigittenau. (PDF, 12 kB) July 30, 2009, accessed January 27, 2018 .
  23. ↑ http://www.statistik.at/web_de/Redirect/index.htm?dDocName=051902  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Statistics Austria, small-scale population forecast for Austria 2010-2030 with an outlook to 2050 ("ÖROK forecasts")@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.statistik.at  
  24. ↑ Wien.gv.at: Nordwestbahnhof - urban development model: an overview ; accessed on Feb. 18, 2016
  25. ↑ http://diepresse.com/home/panorama/wien/505118/Wien_Nordwestbahnhof-mutiert-zum-Stadtteil- Wien: Nordwestbahnhof mutates into a district
  26. ↑ a b c Statistics Austria (2001 census) [1] (PDF; 10 kB) [2] (PDF; 11 kB)
  27. ↑ MA 5 Resident Population by Age Groups and Districts 2005 Resident Population by Age Groups and Districts 2006 ( Memento from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  28. ↑ MA 5 Resident Population by Nationality and District 2001-2005 ( Memento from June 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  29. ^ City of Vienna - Viennese municipal and district council elections
  30. ↑ State Prize for Architecture and Sustainability ( Memento of the original from June 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.klimaaktiv.at
  31. ↑ Memorial plaque for Anton Karas in Brigittenau
  32. ↑ Karajangasse Memorial
  33. ↑ Memorial plaque commemorating the Reichspogrom in 1938
  34. ^ Anton Schmid-Hof in Brigittenau, in: Rathaus-Korrespondenz, December 12, 1990; Announcements DÖW 100/1991.
  35. ↑ Statistics Austria / MA 5: Employed commuters by district 2001 Employed commuters by district 2001 ( Memento from March 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  36. ↑ MA 18: Master Plan Transport Vienna 2003 Master Plan Transport 2003 Evaluation and update 2008
  37. ↑ MA 21A: Nordwestbahnhof - urban development guiding idea [3]
  38. ^ Wiener Zeitung, May 28, 2008: New part of the city on the site of the Nordwestbahnhof [4]
  39. ↑ Update of the 2015/2016 model - urban development area Nordwestbahnhof on wien.gv.at, accessed on February 7, 2017.
  40. ↑ Ordinance of the municipal council regarding the determination of the main streets and side streets [5]
  41. ↑ MA 46: Division of pedestrian zones in square meters according to districts 2007 [6] (PDF; 211 kB)
  42. ↑ MA 46: Distribution of residential streets in meters according to districts 2007 [7] (PDF; 212 kB)
  43. ↑ MA 46: Short-term parking zones in Vienna - Parking space management - 20th district Archivlink ( Memento of the original dated December 29, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wien.gv.at
  44. ↑ WKO Vienna Chamber of Commerce: Parking in Vienna, 20th district [8]
  45. ↑ DENZEL Mobility CarSharing GmbH: Locations [9]
  46. ↑ WKO Vienna Chamber of Commerce, Taxi Guild: Taxi Stand Directory Summer 2008 Archive link ( Memento of the original from February 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / portal.wko.at
  47. ↑ MA 5: Statistical Yearbook of the City of Vienna 2008 - District portraits DISTRICT PORTRAITS 2008 ( Memento from March 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  48. ↑ MA 46: EuroVelo project - European long-distance cycle routes [10]
  49. ↑ Citybike Wien: List of locations (as of the end of 2012) [11]
  50. ↑ City Hall Correspondence Vienna, September 4, 2003: Vienna ÖVP: "Vaporetto" in the Danube Canal and on the Danube [12]
  51. ↑ Green Brigittenau June 20, 2007: Motion for a resolution: “Floating” public transport on the Danube Canal Archive link ( Memento of the original from September 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / brigittenau.gruene.at

literature

  • Felix Czeike: Viennese district culture guide: XX. Brigittenau . Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1981, ISBN 3-7141-6232-1
  • Michael Elsner, Roland-Peter Herold, Erich Valentin: Brigittenau: a piece of the city that has everything. History of the Brigittenau social democracy . Publishing house of the SPÖ Vienna, Vienna 1990, DNB 921302029 .
  • Roland Peter Herold: Vienna - Brigittenau . Sutton, Erfurt 2006, ISBN 3-89702-969-3
  • Jewish Brigittenau: on the trail of a vanished culture . Brigittenau area management, Vienna 1995, DNB 955912520 (catalog of the exhibition of the same name by Brigittenau area management, November 5th - 28th, 1997 / Brigittenau area management. Urban renewal on behalf of the City of Vienna).
  • Franz Kaiser: Brigittenau . Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1975, ISBN 3-7141-6206-2 .
  • Susanne Kompast: On the trail of building art in Vienna's 20th district . Edition Uhudla, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-901561-12-9 .
  • Carola Leitner, Kurt Hamtil: Brigittenau, Vienna's 20th district in old photographs , Brigittenau, Zwischenbrücken, on the Danube, Ueberreuter, Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-8000-7338-2 .

Movies

  • District history 20. Vienna Brigittenau. Documentary. 49 minutes. Vienna 2010

See also

Web links

Commons : Brigittenau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Vienna / Brigittenau  - travel guide
Wiktionary: Brigittenau  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations