César de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme

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César de Vendôme, engraving by Balthasar Moncornet

César de Bourbon (born June 3, 1594 at Coucy Castle , Picardy , † October 22, 1665 in Paris ), Duke of Vendôme since 1598 , was an illegitimate son of Henry IV of France and Gabrielle d'Estrées . He was also Duke of Beaufort , Mercœur , Penthièvre and Etampes . The House of Bourbon-Vendôme descends from him.

Life

César de Vendôme was legitimized in 1595 and three years later made Duke of Vendôme. He spent much of his life intriguing, especially against Maria de Medici , then against his half-brother Louis XIII. As he was involved in the plot of the Count of Chalais, Henri de Talleyrand (1599-1626), against Richelieu , he was imprisoned in 1626 with his brother Alexandre in Amboise . Four years later he was released and exiled in the Netherlands . In 1632 he returned and took part - together with his second son - in the Cabale des Importants . Exiled again, this time to England , he stayed abroad until 1642. Only the marriage of his son Louis, Duke of Mercœur, to Laura Mancini , the niece of Cardinal Jules Mazarin , brought his life to a calmer path. From now on, and throughout the Fronde , he was faithful to Anna of Austria , the widow of Louis XIII. He was made Grand Admiral of France in 1651 and, four years later (1655), Superintendent General of Shipping.

Family and offspring

On July 16, 1608, in Fontainebleau, César de Vendôme married the richest heiress in the country, Françoise de Lorraine , daughter of Philippe-Emmanuels de Lorraine , and niece of Queen Louise de Lorraine-Vaudémont , the widow of King Henry III.

The couple had three children:

  1. Louis I (* 1612; † 1669), Duke of Mercœur, later Duke of Vendôme, ∞ Laura Mancini
  2. François (* 1616; † 1669), Duke of Beaufort, called le Roi des Halles
  3. Élisabeth (* 1614; † 1664), ∞ Charles Amédée de Savoie , Duke of Nemours , from this connection come Viktor Amadeus II and Louis XV. from.

literature

  • Jean-Claude Pasquier: Le Château de Vendôme . Ed. du Cherche-lune, Vendôme 2000, ISBN 2-904736-18-2 .

Web links

predecessor Office successor
Domaine royal
( Henry IV. ) 		Duke of Vendôme
1598–1665 		Louis I.
Gabrielle d'Estrées Duke of Étampes
1599–1665 		Louis I.
Gabrielle d'Estrées Duke of Beaufort
1599–1665 		François
Françoise de Lorraine Duke of Mercœur
(de iure uxoris )
1608–1665 		Françoise de Lorraine
Charles de Valois Duke of Penthièvre
(de iure uxoris)
1650–1665 		Françoise de Lorraine
personal data
SURNAME Bourbon, César de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Vendôme, César de Bourbon, duc de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French politician and admiral
DATE OF BIRTH June 3, 1594
PLACE OF BIRTH Coucy Castle
DATE OF DEATH October 22, 1665
Place of death Paris