Sooty mildew-like
| Sooty mildew-like | ||||||||||||
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Cellar cloth ( Zasmidium cellare ) hanging from a vaulted ceiling |
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| Capnodiales | ||||||||||||
| Voron. |
The soot-dew-like (Capnodiales) are an order of the hose fungi . They appear as dark, soot-like coatings on plants, often in connection with the sugary excretions of aphids.
features
The hyphae of most of the sooty fungi are strongly pigmented brown to black and cover leaf or stem surfaces in a tissue-like network or coating ("soot dew").
The fungi form ascolocular fruiting bodies in the form of brown or black pseudothecia . They can be flat, shield-shaped but also spherical or cushion-like and contain a loculus with one or a few asci . The club-shaped asci each contain eight ascospores , which are mostly multicellular and brown or colorless.
Way of life
Most European and many tropical species feed mainly saprophytically from the honeydew of the leaf and scale insects or Blattexsudaten . As a rule, they do not penetrate the plants and the plants are not parasitized . Heavy infestation with these species can, however, lead to a reduction in photosynthesis . The well-known cellar cloth ( Zasmidium cellare ) feeds on volatile components of the wine in wine cellars, such as alcohol, acetic acid and esters, and grows there accordingly on the walls.
A number of other species live parasitically in plant tissues by forming haustoria in the leaf epidermis of plants. These include, for example, the Ascochyta species in various grasses, including cereals, making them economic pests. The South American fungus Microcyclus ulei lives parasitically in rubber plants and leads to the South American leaf fall disease there; in large parts of Brazil it is the main reason why rubber plantations cannot be established.
Systematics
According to Lumbsch and Huhndorf, the Capnodiales include the following families with the genera (uncertain assignment with question marks):
- Aeminiaceae with the so far only genus Aeminium and the only species Aeminium ludgeri described in 2019 and isolated from stones from the Old Cathedral of Coimbra .
- Antennulariellaceae
- Capnodiaceae
- Coccodiniaceae
- Davidiellaceae
- Metacapnodiaceae
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Mycosphaerellaceae
- Achorodothis
- Cymadothea
- Euryachora
- Gillotia
- Melanodothis
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Mycosphaerella
- Mycosphaerella graminicola
- Mycosphaerella fijiensis (also Black Leaf Streak), attacks bananas
- Mycosphaerella anethi attacks fennel
- Mycosphaerella maculiformis attacks the leaves of sweet chestnuts
- Mycosphaerella milleri attacks the leaves of swamp magnolias
- Mycosphaerella leptasca attacks the common burdock chervil
- Placocrea ?
- Polysporella
- Sphaerellothecium
- Sphaerulina
- Stigmidium
- Wernerella
- Piedraiaceae
supporting documents
- ↑ F. Feldmann, JP Silva Jr., AVR Jayaratne: Use of arbuscular mycorrhiza in tree nurseries in the tropics using the example of the rubber tree Hevea spp. Notices from the Federal Biological Institute 363; Pp. 83-92. ( PDF, 1.2 MB ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. )
- ↑ HTLumbsch, SM Huhndorf: Outline of Ascomycota - 2007. In: Myconet Volume 13, 2007, pp. 1-58. (PDF, 2.8 MB)
- ↑ João Trovão, Igor Tiago, Fabiana Soares, Diana Sofia Paiva, Nuno Mesquita, Catarina Coelho, Lídia Catarino, Francisco Gil, António Portugal: Description of Aeminiaceae fam. nov., Aeminium gen. nov. and Aeminium ludgeri sp. nov. (Capnodiales), isolated from a biodeteriorated art-piece in the Old Cathedral of Coimbra, Portugal. 2019. MycoKeys 45: 57-73. doi : 10.3897 / mycokeys.45.31799
literature
- Martin Schmiedeknecht: Order soot-dew fungus, Capnodiales in: Urania plant kingdom . Viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi. Urania-Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-332-01167-7
