Capsicum caballeroi
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Capsicum caballeroi is a species from the genus Paprika ( Capsicum ) inthe nightshade family (Solanaceae)described at the end of 2006. The species has so far only been found in the Bolivian departments of Santa Cruz and Cochabamba .
description
Capsicum caballeroi is a 1 to 7 m high herbaceous plant , a shrub or small tree , the stem axis of which is hairless or only slightly covered with simple trichomes . The shoot builds up sympodially . Each sympodial member has two leaves attached to a knot . These stand on 2 to 8 mm long petioles, are 2 to 13 × 0.8 to 4.2 cm in size, more or less uniform in size and shape and lanceolate. They are hairless or on the side of the midrib facing away from the leaf axis sparsely covered with 0.3 mm short, simple trichomes. The leaf base is pointed to pointed, somewhat unequal, the leaf tip is pointed, the edge is slightly rolled up.
The inflorescences are in the leaf axils and have one or two flowers . These stand on 20 to 25 mm long, very slender, hairless, hanging flower stalks, which lengthen to 24 to 45 mm as the fruit ripens. At the base the flower stalks have a diameter of about 0.6 mm, at the outer end it is about 1.4 to 1.8 mm. The calyx is cup-shaped, 2.5 mm long, the edge is covered with five 0.8 to 1.8 mm long calyx teeth during flowering. During the ripening of the fruit, five other appendages alternate, which are slightly shorter than the former. The calyx teeth on the ripe fruit are (1) 3 to 5 mm long and lightly covered with simple trichomes. The lemon-yellow, bell-shaped corolla has a diameter of 4 to 6 mm and is 10.5 to 13 mm long. The corolla tube is about 3 to 6 mm long, almost triangular, pointed Kronlappen are approximately 3 × 2 mm in size, are achsabgewandt (abaxial) hairless and at the tips papillate . The 4.5 mm long stamens are fused with the corolla about 1 mm above the base of the corolla tube, widened at the base, but the two tissue flaps above the fused point, which can be found in other species of the genus, are missing in the corolla. The yellow anthers are elongated and have a size of 2 to 2.1 × 0.8 to 0.9 mm and open along the longitudinal axis. The ovary is smooth, the stylus is about 6 × 0.25 mm in size, cylindrical to clavate, and also glabrous. The scar is truncated to head-shaped.
The fruit is a bright red, hairless, spherical berry with a diameter of 9 to 11 mm. There is information on the sharpness of the taste of the fruit for three herbarium specimens : two specimens are described as spicy, the third as not spicy. There are 5 to 17 seeds in the fruit that are 3.8 to 4.2 × 3.2 mm in size, flattened kidney-shaped, and pale yellow. There are loosely arranged fine pits on the seed surface.
Capsicum caballeroi was found in flower in April, May and November and with fruit in January, March, May and November, it is likely that it will flower and fruit all year round.
Area and locations
All known specimens of the plant were found in the Bolivian provinces of Florida and Caballero in the Department of Santa Cruz and in the province of Carrasco des Cochabamba in the Carrasco National Park located there . The type specimen was found about 10 km north of Comarapa at an altitude of 2400 to 2500 m; the plant was collected there between April 7 and 10, 1994. The holotype made from the type specimen is kept in the “Herbario Del Oriente Boliviano” of the University of Santa Cruz , isotypes from the same plant exist at the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , the Missouri Botanical Garden , the New York Botanical Garden and the Smithsonian Institution .
The locations are in cloud and cloud forests between 1880 and 2600 m altitude. The tree layer consists of stone slices ( Podocarpus ) species, Prumnopitys exigua , Weinmannia species, Alnus acuminata subsp. acuminata and various myrtle plants (Myrtaceae), for example Blepharocalyx salicifolius .
Systematics
Phylogenetic studies place the species within the genus Capsicum in a Bolivian clade, which also includes the species Capsicum coccineum , Capsicum ceratocalyx and Capsicum minutiflorum . The group is mainly characterized by the yellow flowers, but the species have strong differences in the structure of the flowers, the inflorescences and the fruits.
etymology
The species epithet honors the Bolivian botanist Israel Gerardo Vargas Caballero for his efforts to make wild and domesticated Bolivian plants better known. Although grammatically incorrect, the name is also a reference to the province of Caballero , where most of the specimens of the plant were collected.
Local names of the plant are ají de monta and ulupica de yunga , which also indicates a similarity with other local Capsicum species: ají is the common name for cultivated peppers, while ulupica is usually the wildly collected fruits of other wild species such as Capsicum eximium .
swell
- Michael Nee, Lynn Bohs and Sandra Knapp: New species of Solanum and Capsicum (Solanaceae) from Bolivia, with clarification of nomenclature in some Bolivian Solanum . In: Brittonia , Volume 58, Number 4, December 2006, pp. 322–356. doi : 10.1663 / 0007-196X (2006) 58 [322: NSOSAC] 2.0.CO; 2
- Carolina Carrizo García et al .: Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae) . In: Annals of Botany , Volume 118, 2016. Pages 35-51. doi: 10.1093 / aob / mcw079 .
Web links
- Herbarium evidence of the isotype specimen from the Missouri Botanical Garden
- Herbarium evidence of the isotype specimen from the New York Botanical Garden
