Cohors I Thracum Germanica

This article deals with the Cohors I Thracum stationed in the provinces of Germania superior and Pannonia inferior . For other units with this name see Cohors I Thracum .

The tombstone of Gaius Julius Baccus ( CIL 13, 11780 )

The Cohors I Thracum [Germanica] [civium Romanorum] [Maximiniana] ( German  1st cohort of the Thracians [ Germanica ] [the Roman citizens] [the Maximinian] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions.

Name components

• Cohors : The cohort was an infantry unit of the auxiliary troops in the Roman army .

• I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors prima ...

• Thracum : The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the Thracian people on the territory of the Roman province of Thrace when the unit was established .

• Germanica : from the province of Germania or Germanic. The addition appears in the military diplomas from 148 to 193.

• civium Romanorum : the Roman citizen. The soldiers of the unit had been granted Roman citizenship at one point in time. However, this did not apply to soldiers who were accepted into the unit after this point in time. They received Roman citizenship only with their honorable farewell ( Honesta missio ) after 25 years of service. The addition occurs in diplomas from 116 to 167.

• Maximiniana : the Maximinian. An honorific designation referring to Maximinus Thrax (235-238). The addition occurs on a Roman milestone .

Since there is no evidence of the additions milliaria (1000 men) and equitata (partially mounted), it can be assumed that it is a pure infantry cohort, a Cohors quingenaria peditata . The nominal strength of the unit was 480 men, consisting of 6 Centuries with 80 men each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces Germania , Germania superior, and Pannonia inferior . It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 65-193.

The first evidence of unity in Germania is based on a diploma dated 65. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Germania ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, which are dated from 74 to 129, prove the unit in the same province (or from 90 in Germania superior ).

At an unspecified point in time, the cohort was moved to Pannonia inferior . The first evidence of unity in the province is based on a diploma dated 135. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Pannonia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 143 to 193, prove unity in the same province.

The last evidence of the cohort is based on a Roman milestone dated 236/237.

Locations

Locations of the cohort in Germania were possibly:

• Engers : Bricks with the stamp COH I THRAC were found here.

Cohort locations in Pannonia inferior may have been:

• Annamatia ( Baracs ): A Roman milestone was found here.
• Lussonium ( Dunakömlőd ): an inscription was found here.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known:

Commanders

Gaius Turpilius Verecundus : he is named on two diplomas of 157 as the commander of the cohort. L (ucius) Octavius ​​Celer, a prefect ( CIL 13, 6213 ). He was also prefect of the Cohors VII Breucorum .

P (ublius) Cass []: he is named on a diploma of 152 ( RMD 3, 167 ) as the commander of the cohort.

Others

[?] ( CIL 13, 8099 ) Antistius Atticus ( CIL 13, 8318 ) Bassius Communis ( CIL 13, 8318 ) C (aius) Iulius Baccus, a soldier ( CIL 13, 8318 ) Culsus, a foot soldier: a diploma of 157 ( RMD 2, 103 ) was issued for him.

L (ucius) Sep (timius) Tatulus, a veteran and former Optio ( CIL 3, 10299 ) L (ucius) Valerius Albinus, a centurion ( CIL 13, 6286 ) Monnus, a foot soldier: a diploma of 157 ( RMD 2, 102 ) was issued for him. Ruimus, a soldier ( CIL 13, 7803 ) Sep (Timius) Constans, a soldier ( CIL 3, 10299 )

See also

• List of Roman auxiliary units
• Roman armed forces in Germania
• Roman forces in Pannonia

Web links

Commons : Cohors I Thracum Germanica  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

• John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

1. ↑ The scenario given here follows the explanations of John Spaul. It assumes that the Cohors I Thracum stationed in the provinces of Germania and Germania superior is identical to the Cohors I Thracum Germanica stationed in Pannonia inferior . On the problems of assigning the Thracian cohorts, see Margaret M. Roxan , Two Complete Diplomas, pp. 260–261.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} milestone ( CIL 3, 10639 ).
2. ^ ^{A b} John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 353-354, 364-365.
3. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 159, 163 tables 3, 7 ( PDF ).
4. ↑ Margaret M. Roxan : Two Complete Diplomas of Pannonia Inferior: 19 May 135 and 7 Aug. 143. In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , Volume 127 (1999), pp. 249-273, here pp. 260-261 ( PDF ).
5. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 65 ( RMD 2, 79 ), 74 ( CIL 16, 20 ), 80 ( CIL 16, 158 ), 82 ( CIL 16, 28 ), 90 ( CIL 16, 36 , RMD 5, 333 , ZPE- 148-261 ), 116 ( CIL 16, 62 ), 129 ( RMD 2, 90 ), 135 ( RMD 4, 251 ), 143 ( RMD 4, 266 ), 148 ( CIL 16, 179 , CIL 16, 180 ), 152 ( RMD 3, 167 , ZPE-171-221 ), 154 ( ZPE-146-247 ), 154/156 ( RMD 5, 415 ), 157 ( AE 2009, 1079 , RMD 2, 102 , RMD 2, 103 ) , 159 ( CIL 16, 112 ), 162 ( ZPE-173-223 , ZPE-173-234 ), 167 ( CIL 16, 123 ) and 193 ( RMD 5, 446 , RMD 5, 447 ).
6. ↑ Brick stamp ( CIL 13, 12461 )
7. ↑ Inscription ( CIL 3, 10299 )