Cyriacus monastery Naumburg

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Cyriacuskloster Naumburg was a Benedictine - provost in the Wetterau , from the present-day castle Naumburg in Nidderau - Erbstadt has emerged. The small monastery , first mentioned in 1035, existed until the middle of the 16th century.

Depiction of the monastery in the Salbuch of Naumburg Monastery : Above the monastery buildings, below kneeling monks.
The provost (left, kneeling) with the patron saints of the monastery. Depiction in the Salbuch of the Naumburg Monastery .

history

First mention

The monastery was first mentioned as Nuwenburg in 1035 on the occasion of a donation from the serfs . The provost's office was in imperial possession until 1086, before Emperor Heinrich IV gave it to Bishop Huzman von Speyer in 1086 . From this donation and the name ending in "-burg", the origin of the monastery in a castle or even an imperial castle has been inferred. Salisches Reichsgut is well documented in the Niddertal , but a previous castle complex remains hypothetical in the absence of concrete sources on the Naumburg.

middle Ages

The provosty remained in the possession of the Speyer bishops until 1146. This year, Bishop Günther von Henneberg handed over the Naumburg provost, which had been destroyed and abandoned by war, to the Limburg monastery . The Limburg an der Haardt Monastery was of national importance in the High Middle Ages .

The small monastery of Naumburg was then occupied by hardly more than seven or eight Benedictine monks. At first it only had a small chapel, which remained as the Liebfrauenkapelle after the later monastery church was built. The patrons of the monastery were St. Cyriacus and the Holy Cross . Among the numerous relics of the monastery, the most important was a piece of wood on the cross altar, which should come from the cross of Jesus. The seal of the monastery was labeled (Sigillum) Monasterii Nuwenburg, prope Wonnecken ("Seal of the Naumburg Monastery near Windecken").

Most of the monks came from local aristocratic and later probably wealthy middle-class families, whose donations contributed to the existence of the monastery. For example, a document from 1173 mentions the donation of fields by the von Heldenbergen family . In 1356 the monastery showed itself to be wealthy enough to buy the Fronhof there from the Lords of Eichen . In Bruchköbel , Kesselstadt and Oberissigheim , the monastery had the right to appoint the pastor until it was bought by Hanau in 1561, which is why the Reformation was carried out in these villages quite late in comparison with the surrounding communities of the Hanau-Munzenberg office of Büchertal .

Since the end of the Middle Ages, the monastery has increasingly attracted the interest of emerging ruling territories, namely the Burggrafschaft Friedberg and the County of Hanau (since 1458: County of Hanau-Münzenberg ). In 1376 the burgraviate acquired the first rights in the Kaichen free court , to which the monastery belonged. After the Friedberg burgraves were able to assert themselves there against the Free Imperial City of Frankfurt , among other things , they were finally granted state sovereignty over the free court in 1475. Hanau took on a protective function ( Vogtei ) over the Naumburg since the 13th century on behalf of the distant mother monastery . Since 1354 the lords and later counts of Hanau Atz could claim storage and services . In 1412 the man from Hanau helped with donations when the monastery got into debt. The documents of the monastery were brought to safety in Hanau or the Hanau Castle of Windecken in times of war .

In 1464, the Limburg mother monastery, to which Fauerbach had belonged since 1035, placed the court there under the supervision of the Naumburg provost.

Decline in the 16th century

From a miller and a donkey

I know of a fine monastery in my fatherland, in which there are three or four monks who drink wine and rarely beer.

The same brothers may freely do their work. Herr Belial von Höllenbrand, a great prince, well known,

he has given him such freedom, they have to live it and nobody is allowed to wear him, they can't be more devout on the drums.

The Mammon is their supreme god, they keep rising early and be Gebott with all thy soul, the pious Lord with all your mind, with all my heart.

Santa's belly is their patron next to them, whom they serve as long as they live with indulging, eating, drinking, Speyen, so that they casteyen their bodies.

They do that without ceasing, every day someone drinks seven measures, and if someone has to eat a lot more every day, then he probably likes.

At these seven tides the poor monk must suffer. Her holy belly's great devotion has brought her to such a life.

Whenever someone desires their order and comes to him, he would be nourished, so that they are worried, their holy order will perish.

The imaginary little monastery lies mightily fine on a hill. It is important to have a fine vineyard that can carry twenty bulbs .

The monks, who I have now thought, drink it day and night, so that they can free themselves from sins and what they cannot digest,

they have to reproduce that soon. Earn eternal life with it. Weingart sees the Occident, a forest lies against the Orient

close to the beautiful little monastery, which is especially fun and fine. Oh, that the Musae would have a monastery of the same beauty.

( Erasmus Alberus )

Landshut War of Succession and Reformation

The Naumburg Monastery was destroyed in the Landshut War of Succession in 1504 . The mother monastery Limburg could not help with the reconstruction because it had also been destroyed. The reconstruction was carried out with the help of the Seligenstadt Benedictine abbey . In 1509 the altars could be consecrated again. But this had its price: property had to be sold under the provosts Werner Breder von Hohenstein (1505–1509) and Johann Dietesheimer (1509–1520).

Monastery life was already in decline at this time. Erasmus Alberus (around 1500–1553), Wetterau theologian and poet of this time, born in nearby Bruchenbrücken , describes everyday life in the little monastery full of Protestant polemics at the beginning of his XXX. Fable “From a miller and a donkey”, which is located in the Hainmühle below the Naumburg. Such conditions triggered the Reformation and further weakened the monastery. Both the Burgraviate of Friedberg and the Counts of Hanau-Munzenberg now tried to appropriate the monastery. The burgraviate are said to have even carried out attacks. With the neighboring town of Kaichen , the center of the free court of Kaichen ruled by the burgraviate , disputes arose over the monastery property.

Naumburg Hall Book

The Salbuch of the Naumburg Monastery , a richly illustrated document that is now in the Hessian State Archives in Marburg , can be seen as an attempt to resolve these disputes . The monastery property was measured and stoned in 1514 to prevent future disputes. The richly illustrated book that testifies to this event was sealed by the Friedberg burgrave Eberhard Wais von Fauerbach .

Purchase by Hanau-Münzenberg

The Reformation gradually took hold in the county of Hanau-Münzenberg from 1528. The Friedberger Burgmannschaft, also for the most part Protestant, saw their chance to access the property of the monastery. Both parties sought to dissolve the monastery. After difficult negotiations, the Counts of Hanau succeeded in having the property transferred to them in 1561. Friedberg initially tried to thwart the Hanau purchase, which is why the Elector of the Palatinate, as patron of the Limburg monastery, had to give his consent. The purchase was made between Philip III. von Hanau and the abbot Johann Bingenheim , who died in 1558. But only the approval of the Count Palatine Friedrich III. which took place in Heidelberg on March 14, 1561 , cleared the last obstacle out of the way. This was the last major territorial gain in the history of the County of Hanau-Munzenberg.

Gravestone of the Naumburg provost and later Limburg abbot Werner Breder von Hohenstein († 1531), outside area of ​​the Bad Dürkheim castle church
A steel engraving from 1850 shows the castle from 1754 and the still unwooded hill. The vineyards of the monastery can also be seen.

The Hanau counts let the former monastery continue to run as an estate.

Friedberg continued to regard the monastery property as part of the free court despite the purchase. These disputes later culminated in the Naumburg feud . After the Thirty Years War , the winery was pledged by the County of Hanau to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel . The present castle building dates from this time. To build it from 1750–1754, a large part of the existing monastery buildings were demolished.

building

In addition to written mentions, only a single view of the monastery has survived as the most important source on the monastery buildings. It is located on the cover sheet of the Naumburg Salbuch and shows the Naumburg buildings from the south. From the monastery buildings, the monastery church of the Holy Cross and Saint Cyriacus can be recognized as a three-aisled basilica . It has a lower transept and a blue slate roof, doors and windows are set off in red. To the left of this you can see a chapel, probably the older Liebfrauenkapelle, which remained after the monastery church was built. In between is the gable of a half-timbered monastery building. Eight kneeling monks are depicted under the monastery, the named inmates of the monastery.

literature

  • HP Brodt: The Naumburg. In: Hanau city and country. A home book for school and home . Hanau 1954, pp. 335-341.
  • Wilhelm Dersch : Hessian monastery book. Source studies on the history of the founders, monasteries and branches of religious cooperatives founded in the administrative district of Cassel, the province of Upper Hesse and the Principality of Waldeck . Marburg 1915. p. 93.
  • Michael Müller: The Naumburg and the Salbuch. In: published history book. Erbstädter history and stories from 775 years. Published by the “Geschter Geschichtsbuch” working group, Nidderau 2012, ISBN 978-3-00-037670-2 , pp. 52–67.
  • Christof Noll and Johannes Burkardt: Naumburg (Wetterau) . In: Friedhelm Jürgensmeier among others: The Benedictine monastery and nunnery in Hessen (Germania Benedictina 7 Hessen), Eos, St. Ottilien 2004, pp. 878–890. ISBN 3-8306-7199-7 .
  • Rolf Müller (Ed.): Palaces, castles, old walls. Published by the Hessendienst der Staatskanzlei, Wiesbaden 1990, ISBN 3-89214-017-0 , pp. 275f.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ In question come Friedberg-Fauerbach now a part of, Friedberg (Hessen) , or the district of the same name Fauerbach the city Nidda .
  2. ↑ The purchase included the house and monastery in Naumburg near Windecken with all and any sovereignty, courtyards, courts, tithes, forests, waters, vineyards, fields, meadows, gardens, pastures, hunts, mills, grinders, ponds, fisheries, also pensions, interest , Inclines, uses, income including the moving property, if any, including all the word, market rights and with all other overriding rights and justice, accessories and accessories [...] for 18,000 guilders Frankfurt currency (quoted from HP Brodt: Die Naumburg. In: Hanau Stadt und Land. A home book for school and home . Hanau 1954, p. 338f.)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinrich Reimer : Hessisches Urkundenbuch. Section 2, document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Vol. 1. 767-1300. Publications from the Royal Prussian State Archives, Leipzig, p. 34, no. 56.
  2. ^ Heinrich Reimer: Hessisches Urkundenbuch. Section 2, document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Vol. 1. 767-1300. Publications from the Royal Prussian State Archives, Leipzig, p. 44, no. 68.
  3. ^ Ernst Julius Zimmermann : Hanau city and country. Hanau 1919, p. 18; Rudolf Knappe: Medieval castles in Hessen. 800 castles, castle ruins and fortifications. Wartberg, Gudensberg-Gleichen, p. 393.
  4. ↑ Fred Schwind : The Reichsgut in Büdesheim and the surrounding area. In: The same: castle, village, monastery, city. Contributions to the Hessian state history and to the medieval constitutional history. Marburg 1999, pp. 209-219, Bes. P. 214.
  5. ↑ in detail on this question Michael Müller: Die Naumburg and the Salbuch. In: published history book. Erbstädter history and stories from 775 years. Published by the “Geschter Geschichtsbuch” working group, Nidderau 2012, ISBN 978-3-00-037670-2 , p. 53f.
  6. ^ Wilhelm Manchot : Limburg Monastery. A construction science and historical treatise . Ed .: Mannheimer Altertumsverein . Berlin 1892, p. 16, gives the year 1148.
  7. ^ Heinrich Reimer: Hessisches Urkundenbuch. Section 2, document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Vol. 1. 767-1300. Publications from the Royal Prussian State Archives, Leipzig, p. 58, no.83.
  8. ^ Heinrich Reimer: Hessisches Urkundenbuch. Section 2, document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Vol. 1. 767-1300. Publications from the Royal Prussian State Archives, Leipzig, p. 83, no.105.
  9. ^ Karl Ernst Demandt : History of the State of Hesse. Kassel and Basel 1972, p. 470 f .; on the Kaichen open court see Friederun Hardt-Friederichs: The Kaichen royal court in the Wetterau in its national and legal historical significance. Friedberg 1976 ( Wetterauer Geschichtsblätter 25 ).
  10. ^ Wilhelm Manchot: History of the Limburg ad Hardt monastery. A construction science and historical treatise. Mannheim 1892, p. 22.
  11. ↑ a b Erasmus Alberus: Nine and Forty Fables, || So in part || pulled out of Esopo, Sampt || several place Teutsches Lands luestiger || Description ... || By || D.Erasmum Alberum. || The XXX. Fable. From a miller and a donkey. Frankfurt am Main 1590 ( original text ).
  12. ^ Uta Löwenstein: County Hanau . In: Knights, Counts and Princes - Secular Dominions in the Hessian Area approx. 900–1806 = Handbook of Hessian History 3 = Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse 63. Marburg 2014. ISBN 978-3-942225-17-5 , p. 211 .

Coordinates: 50 ° 15 ′ 9.6 ″  N , 8 ° 51 ′ 24 ″  E