The social democrat

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The social democrat
Sample number of the newspaper Der Sozialdemokrat
description Social Democratic Newspaper
Area of ​​Expertise Socialism , communism
language German
publishing company August Herter (Zurich)
First edition September 28, 1879
attitude September 27, 1890
Frequency of publication weekly
Sold edition 5,000 (1883) copies
(unknown)
Editors-in-chief Georg von Vollmar  (1879–80), Eduard Bernstein  (1881–90)
executive Director Julius Motteler

From 1879 to 1890, the Social Democrat was one of the most important international German-language socialist - social democratic newspapers.

After the Socialist Law came into force in the German Empire (1878), it was the main organ of German social democracy during its period of validity . Paul Singer first published the magazine in Zurich from September 1879 , then from 1888 to 1890 in London . In Germany, Der Sozialdemokrat was distributed illegally. In addition, it was mainly aimed at socialists in exile - especially in Switzerland, France and Great Britain.

history

The predecessor of the Social Democrats was the magazine Vorwärts founded by Wilhelm Liebknecht and Wilhelm Hasenclever in 1876 , the central organ of the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAP). The Forward was banned by the Socialist Law in October 1878. Up until the founding of the Social Democrats in September 1879, individual leading Social Democrats who had fled had published papers. So there was the The lantern of Carl Hirsch , derived from Henri Rochefort's Lanterne .

Nominal owners were the members of the Reichstag , August Bebel , Wilhelm Liebknecht , Friedrich Wilhelm Fritzsche , Ignaz Auer and Karl Grillenberger .

The paper was published in September 1879 in exile in Zurich under the title Der Sozialdemokrat . Initially, Georg von Vollmar was responsible for the editing and then Eduard Bernstein in 1881 . In 1883 the sheet had a circulation of 5,000. From 1886 the sheet could no longer be obtained by post from abroad by subscription. It was thanks to the co-founder of SAP, Julius Motteler , that the newspaper was smuggled across the borders by the illegal Rote Feldpost . In April 1888, the administration and editorial staff were expelled from Switzerland at the urging of the German government. Swiss sympathizers ensured the continued publication until the paper could appear in London on October 1, 1888. In January 1890, the Vossische Zeitung found that despite a large number of informers, The Social Democrat had spread throughout the empire and that the fight of the Prussian police had thus failed.

After the socialist law was repealed in October 1890, Der Sozialdemokrat ceased its publication on September 27, 1890. The Berliner Volksblatt newspaper, which had been published in Berlin since 1884 , became the new central organ under the name Vorwärts on January 1, 1890 . Berliner Volksblatt. Central organ of the Social Democratic Party of Germany . The first editor-in-chief was Wilhelm Liebknecht.

Article in The Social Democrat (selection)

September 28, 1879 First edition of the Social Democrats in Zurich with the note that the Zeitung der Freiheit should dispute the supporters of the Social Democrats.
August 19 + 22, 1882 About the party conference in Zurich. 16 representatives from SAP discussed the role and spelling of the magazine.
March 22, 1883 First publication of Friedrich Engels' on "The Burial of Karl Marx"
May 03-17, 1883 Friedrich Engels "On the Death of Karl Marx"
January 22, 1885 “Zurich Resolution” in No. 4, supported by many social democratic organizations at home and abroad.
April 21, 1885 After internal disputes between the parliamentary group and the editorial team, a joint meeting decided that the Social Democrat was to be the “organ of the entire party”.
September 13, 1890 Friedrich Engels to the movement of the young : "Answer to the editorial staff of the Saxon workers newspaper".

Archives

  • "Eduard Bernstein Papers", "Ed .: von Der Sozialdemokrat " . Letters and battle poems. At the International Institute for Social History (IISG).
  • Original holdings in the IISG (signature code 1 / JMAB): “Documents and correspondence concern the social democrat and party affairs ”; "Material collections for the party archive concerns v. a. Socialist laws and their consequences ”. "Much more extensive, however, is the under B. III ( Social Democrat inventoried) inventory from the activities Motte moth as head of the expedition, then appearing in London and illegally sold first in Zurich in Germany social democrat ".

further reading

  • The Social Democrat 1879–1890. Faithful reproduction in three volumes with a comment 'Der Sozialdemokrat' - development and historical position . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1969–1970.
  • Detlef Lehnert: Social Democracy. Between protest movement and ruling party 1848−1983 . Frankfurt 1983, ISBN 3-518-11248-1 .
  • Horst Bartel , Wolfgang Schröder , Gustav Seeber , Heinz Wolter: The Social Democrat: 1879–1890. A contribution to the role of the central organ in the struggle of the revolutionary workers' movement against the socialist law. Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Central Institute for History, Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1975, DNB 750316640 .
  • Erhard Stammberger: Press work in the class struggle. 100 years of 'The Social Democrat' . Foreword by Georg Fülberth . W. Runge Verlag, Hamburg 1979.
  • Brigitte Germershaus, Karl-Heinz Germershaus: The contribution of the central organ “The Social Democrat” in the history of the impact of Marxism. Pedagogical University, dissertation, dissertation A. Erfurt, Mühlhausen 1986, DNB 871344696 .
  • Joseph Belli (ed.): The red field post under the Socialist Law. JHW Dietz, Stuttgart 1912.
  • Horst Bartel: The trend-setting help from Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels for the newspaper “Der Sozialdemokrat” in the struggle for the revolutionary unity of the party in the period of the Socialist Law. Typewritten reproduction, 1956, DNB 480932050 .
  • Wilhelm Liebknecht: The position of the parties to colonial policy . In: Der Sozialdemokrat No. 5, January 29, 1885 (marxists.org).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Socialist Law 1878-1890 . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1980, p. 78.
  2. ↑ a b c Kurt Koszyk, Gerhard Eisfeld: Die Presse der Deutschen Sozialdemokratie . Bonn 1966, p. 10.
  3. ^ Ernst Engelberg : Revolutionary Politics and Red Field Post 1878–1890 . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1959.
  4. ^ Friedrich Pospiech: Julius Motteler the 'red field postmaster'. Comrade in arms of Bebel and W. Liebknecht. Esslingen am Neckar 1977.
  5. ↑ Horst Heimann: Red Field Post . In: Vorwärts , No. 6, 2003; Retrieved October 11, 2010
  6. ↑ About Julius Motteler. Friedrich Ebert Foundation ; Retrieved October 11, 2010.
  7. ^ First publications by F. Engels in Der Sozialdemokrat . Retrieved October 11, 2010
  8. ↑ "Story from Below". See the sections  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : "Beginnings of Anarchism (1878–1887)"; "Steam subsidy dispute 1884/1885" and "Movement of the boys 1887-1891". Retrieved October 11, 2010@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.geschichtevonunten.de